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Tomczyk I, Kalek M. Electrochemical Dearomatizing Methoxylation of Phenols and Naphthols: Synthetic and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303916. [PMID: 38315289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidative dearomatizing methoxylation of phenols and naphthols was developed. It provides an alternative route for the preparation of methoxycyclohexadienones, important and versatile synthetic intermediates, that eliminates the need for stoichiometric high-energy chemical oxidants and generates hydrogen as a sole by-product. The reaction proceeds in a simple constant current mode, in an undivided cell, and it employs standardized instrumentation. A collection of methoxycyclohexadienones derived from various 2,4,6-tri-substituted phenols and 1-substituted-2-naphthols was obtained in moderate to excellent yields. These include a complex derivative of estrone, as well as methoxylated dearomatized 1,1'-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs). The mechanism of the reaction was subject to profound investigations using density functional theory calculations. In particular, the reactivity of two key intermediates, phenoxyl radical and phenoxenium ion, was carefully examined. The obtained results shed light on the pathway leading to the desired product and rationalize experimentally observed selectivities regarding a side benzylic methoxylation and the preference for the functionalization at the para over the ortho position. They also uncover the structure-selectivity relationship, inversely correlating the steric bulk of the substrate with its propensity to undergo the side-reaction. Moreover, the loss of stereochemical information from enantiopure BINOL substrates during the reaction is rationalized by the computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Tomczyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Bera N, Lenka BS, König B, Sarkar D. Riboflavin Photocatalyzed Dearomative Spiro-Etherification of Naphthols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37356110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The dearomative spiro-etherification of naphthols is achieved using catalytic amounts of riboflavin tetracetate (RFTA) as a photosensitizer and molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidizing agent under blue light (440 nm) irradiation in the presence of acid. The presence of acid increases the photooxidation power of RFTA and facilitates the dearomatization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabakumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Bhabani Sankar Lenka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmazie, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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3
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Aimon A, Dow MJ, Hanby AR, Okolo EA, Pask CM, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Synthesis of spirocyclic 1,2-diamines by dearomatising intramolecular diamination of phenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:607-610. [PMID: 36533578 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled synthesis of complex spirotricyclic systems containing an embedded syn-1,2-diaminocyclohexane unit is reported, based upon a dearomatising oxidation of phenols bearing pendant ureas capable of acting as double nucleophiles. This complexity-generating transformation yields products with rich functionality suitable for application in the synthesis of potentially bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Aimon
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Mark J Dow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Abigail R Hanby
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Ephraim A Okolo
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Zhang Z, Cao X, Song X, Wang G, Shi B, Li X, Ma N, Liu L, Zhang G. Metal-free nucleophilic 7,8-dearomatization of quinolines: Spiroannulation of aminoquinoline protected amino acids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Babar K, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Akhtar R. Recent synthetic strategies toward the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds comprising six-membered carbocyclic/heterocyclic ring systems. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2487-2532. [PMID: 32696299 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spirocyclic compounds fascinate the synthetic chemists due to their privileged ring system and efficacy in drug discovery. Many natural compounds comprise spirocyclic moiety in their skeleton and are effective in pharmaceutical industry. Over the years, many synthetic methodologies have been established for the construction of spirocyclic compounds. In this review, recent synthetic approaches to accessing various spirocompounds comprising six-membered carbocycles/heterocycles have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Babar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Zhang SS, Xue J, Gu Q, Jiang X, You SL. Dearomatization reaction of β-naphthols with disulfurating reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8761-8771. [PMID: 34581384 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p-TsOH-catalyzed intermolecular dearomatization reactions of β-naphthols with disulfurating reagents were developed. Various β-naphthalenones bearing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center were obtained smoothly in good to excellent yields with high chemoselectivity in the presence of 5 mol% p-TsOH. This reaction features mild reaction conditions and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiahui Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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7
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Das B, Rout N, Sarkar D. Ruthenium (VIII) Catalysed Dearomative Pyridyl C−X Activation: Direct Synthesis of
N
‐ Alkyl‐2‐pyridones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Das
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India
| | - Nilendri Rout
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India
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8
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Homma H, Harada S, Ito T, Kanda A, Nemoto T. Atypical Dearomative Spirocyclization of β-Naphthols with Diazoacetamides Using a Silver Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:8132-8138. [PMID: 33026816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective dearomatization of the less reactive benzenoid unit in β-naphthol was developed. Spirocyclization with a reductant constructs a pivotal structure for drug candidates. One-pot oxidative conversion enabled the tandem dearomatization of β-naphthol, producing conjugated tetraenone variants. The potential utility of the product as an F--selective anion sensor was also demonstrated. Theoretical studies revealed the intermediacy of silver-carbenoid species leading to chemoselective spirocyclization over arene cyclopropanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Homma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kanda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Zhang HJ, Gu Q, You SL. Ni-Catalyzed Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of β-Naphthols with Allylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3297-3301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Sahoo SR, Sarkar D. Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro-Azacycles Through Tri-bromide Mediated Oxidative Dearomatization. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushree Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Pin-769008 Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Pin-769008 Rourkela Odisha India
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11
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Uyanik M, Sahara N, Katade O, Ishihara K. Chemoselective Oxidative Spiroetherification and Spiroamination of Arenols Using I+/Oxone Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 22:560-564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoto Sahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Outa Katade
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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12
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Yi JC, Wu ZJ, You SL. Rh-Catalyzed Aminative Dearomatization of Naphthols with Hydroxylamine-O
-Sulfonic Acid (HOSA). European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; School of Physical Science and Technology; 100 Haike Road 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; School of Physical Science and Technology; 100 Haike Road 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; School of Physical Science and Technology; 100 Haike Road 201210 Shanghai China
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13
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Yi J, Wu Z, You S. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Dearomatization of 2‐Naphthols
via
Etherification. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Cheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210 China
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