1
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Recent Advances in Visible Light Induced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311972. [PMID: 37957126 PMCID: PMC10922525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced Pd catalysis has emerged as a promising subfield of photocatalysis. The hybrid nature of Pd radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations otherwise challenging or unknown via conventional Pd chemistry. In parallel to the ongoing pursuit of alternative, readily available radical precursors, notable discoveries have demonstrated that photoexcitation can alter not only oxidative addition but also other elementary steps. This Minireview highlights the recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
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2
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Gao W, Yang Q, Yang H, Yao Y, Bai J, Sun J, Sun S. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Intermolecular α-Aminomethyl/Carboxylative Dearomatization of Indoles with CO 2 and α-Aminoalkyl Radical Precursors. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38179973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Disclosed here is a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular sequential α-aminomethyl/carboxylative dearomatization of indoles with CO2 and α-aminoalkyl radical precursors, affording a series of functionalized indoline-3-carboxylic acids and lactams in good yields with high regioselectivity. This multicomponent reaction provides a green and facile method for the synthesis of diverse functionalized indolines by using CO2 as the carboxylic and carbonyl source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxu Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Han Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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3
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Tian G, Jin WL, Qin C, Wang J. Convenient synthesis of N-alkyl-3,1-benzoxazin-2-ones from carbamate protected anthranil aldehydes and ketones via one-step alkylation/alkoxy rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:5757-5761. [PMID: 37404025 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
A practical and step-economical protocol was developed to prepare N-alkyl-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one derivatives from anthranil aldehydes and ketones via one-step alkylation/alkoxy rearrangement, where three new chemical bonds and one ring were constructed in a single step. Control studies revealed a stepwise mechanism and that the alkoxy rearrangement was an intermolecular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, School of Chemical & Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei-Li Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, School of Chemical & Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Dong DQ, Tian BL, Yang H, Wei ZH, Yang SH, Zhou MY, Ding CZ, Wang YL, Gao JH, Wang SJ, Yang WC, Liu BT, Wang ZL. Visible light induced palladium-catalyzed reactions involving halogenated hydrocarbon (RX). MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolonyl Spirodihydroquinolines or Pyrazolonyl Spiroindolines under Aerobic or Anaerobic Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:9473-9478. [PMID: 36524816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a condition-controlled selective synthesis of pyrazolonyl spirodihydroquinolines or pyrazolonyl spiroindolines through formal [5 + 1] or [4 + 1] spiroannulation of 2-alkenylanilines with diazopyrazolones. Mechanistically, the formation of the title products involves initial generation of a pyrazolonyl spiro-fused seven-membered ruthenacycle species serving as a key intermediate through Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H/N-H bonds metalation, carbene formation, and its migratory insertion. When the reaction is carried out under air, the key intermediate undergoes reductive elimination to afford spirodihydroquinoline. When the reaction is run under argon, the key intermediate undergoes protonation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to furnish spiroindoline. This work provides an atom-economical protocol for the effective functionalization of alkenyl C(sp2)-H bond, allowing rapid and selective assembly of valuable spiroscaffolds with a broad range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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6
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Jayabal K, Elumalai D, Leelakrishnan S, Bhattacharya S, Rengarajan V, Kannan T, Chuang SC. Green and Regioselective Approach for the Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indole Based 1,2-Dihydropyridine and Azaxanthone Derivatives as a Potential Lead for SARS-CoV-2 and Delta Plus Mutant Virus: DFT and Docking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43856-43876. [PMID: 36506171 PMCID: PMC9730777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Great attempts have been done for the development of novel antiviral compounds against SAR-CoV-2 to end this pandemic situation and save human society. Herewith, we have synthesized 3-substituted indole/2-substituted pyrrole 1,2-dihydropyridine and azaxanthone scaffolds using simple, commercially available starting materials in a one-pot, green, and regioselective manner. Further, the regioselectivity of product formation was confirmed by various studies such as controlled experiments, density functional theory (DFT), Mulliken atomic charge, and electrostatic potential (ESP) surface. In addition, 3-substituted indole 1,2-dihydropyridine was successfully converted into a biologically enriched pharmacophore scaffold, viz., indolylimidazopyridinylbenzofuran scaffold, in excellent yield. Moreover, the synthesized 3-substituted indole 1,2-dihydropyridine/2-substituted pyrroles were analyzed in docking studies for anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties against their main protease (Mpro) and anti-Delta plus properties against their protein of the Delta plus K417N mutant. Further, the drug-likeness prediction was analyzed by the Lipinski rule and other pharmacokinetic properties like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity using preADMET prediction. Interestingly, the docking results show that out of 20 synthesized compounds, 5 of them for Mpro of SAR-CoV-2 and 9 of them for 7NX7 spike glycoprotein's A chain of Delta plus K417N show greater binding affinity when compared with remdesivir that is the first to receive FDA approval and is currently used as a potent drug for the treatment of COVID-19. These results suggest that indole/pyrrole substituted 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives are capable of combating SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta plus mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraja Jayabal
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan R.O.C
| | | | - Saraswathi Leelakrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore 641018, India
| | - Suman Bhattacharya
- Department
of Physics, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94
T9PX , Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan R.O.C
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7
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Sha Y, Bai J, Li M, Gao W, Yang Q, Sun J, Sun S. Base-Promoted 5- exo- dig Cyclization of o-Alkynylamides or 2-En-4-ynamides with CO 2 toward Fully Substituted Acrylates. Org Lett 2022; 24:5715-5720. [PMID: 35921535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A base-promoted sequential cyclization and carboxylation of o-alkynylamides or 2-en-4-ynamides with CO2 has been achieved with high efficiency, stereoselectivity, and regioselectivity. This approach begins with 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by trapping the resulting vinyl anion with CO2 and MeI, which provides a convenient access to diverse cyclic and fully substituted acrylates with CO2 as the carboxylic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wanxu Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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8
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Wang L, Qi C, Xiong W, Jiang H. Recent advances in fixation of CO2 into organic carbamates through multicomponent reaction strategies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)64029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of N-Arylindoles from 2-Alkenylanilines and Diazonaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones through Simultaneous Indole Construction and Aryl Introduction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7392-7404. [PMID: 35594494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthesis of N-arylindoles through the cascade reaction of 2-alkenylanilines with diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones is presented. Mechanistically, this reaction involves the generation of a Ru-carbene complex from diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-one, followed by carbene N-H bond insertion with 2-alkenylaniline, intramolecular cyclization, and oxidative aromatization. In this reaction, the Ru(II) complex acts as a multifunctional catalyst to promote not only the carbene formation but also the intramolecular cyclization and the dehydrogenative aromatization. Meanwhile, air acts as a green and cost-effective oxidant. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which N-arylindoles were synthesized through simultaneous introduction of the N-aryl unit and construction of the indole scaffold. Notable advantages of this method include readily accessible and halide-free substrates, additive-free reaction conditions, good efficiency, excellent atom economy, and compatibility with diverse functional groups. In addition, the utility of the product thus obtained was showcased by its diverse structural transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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10
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Coppola GA, Pillitteri S, Van der Eycken EV, You SL, Sharma UK. Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2313-2382. [PMID: 35244107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo A Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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12
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Excited-state palladium-catalysed reductive alkylation of imines: scope and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8583-8589. [PMID: 35974758 PMCID: PMC9337745 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysis induced by visible-light irradiation is a promising tool for promoting unusual chemical reactivity. Here, the hybrid alkyl radical/Pd(i) species generated is used to promote the reductive alkylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Veltri L, Amuso R, Mancuso R, Gabriele B. Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylation Reactions. Molecules 2022; 27:262. [PMID: 35011494 PMCID: PMC8746634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this short review, we highlight the advancements in the field of palladium-catalyzed carbon dioxide utilization for the synthesis of high value added organic molecules. The review is structured on the basis of the kind of substrate undergoing the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation process. Accordingly, after the introductory section, the main sections of the review will illustrate Pd-catalyzed carboxylation of olefinic substrates, acetylenic substrates, and other substrates (aryl halides and triflates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Veltri
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (R.A.); (R.M.)
| | | | | | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (R.A.); (R.M.)
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14
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Vayer M, Pastor M, Kofink C, Maulide N. Electrochemical Rearrangement of 3-Hydroxyoxindoles into Benzoxazinones. Org Lett 2021; 24:27-32. [PMID: 34949089 PMCID: PMC8762708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report an unexpected
rearrangement of 3-hydroxyoxindoles into
benzoxazinones using electrochemistry. Our reaction employs mild and
environmentally friendly conditions, and the benzoxazinone products
are obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic experiments
suggest that a peroxide intermediate is likely involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miryam Pastor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Kofink
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Bai J, Li M, Zhou C, Sha Y, Cheng J, Sun J, Sun S. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Styrenes with Oxime Esters and CO 2: Multicomponent Reactions toward Cyanocarboxylic Acids and γ-Keto Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:9654-9658. [PMID: 34851115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with oxime esters and CO2 has been achieved. Notably, a series of four-, five-, or six-membered cyclic ketone oximes worked well to furnish a wide range of ε-, ζ-, and η-cyanocarboxylic acids in good yields. Furthermore, a series of γ-keto acids also could be obtained by employing acyclic ketone oxime esters as the carbonyl radical precursor. It provides convergent access to diverse biologically important cyanocarboxylic and γ-keto acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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16
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Zhu X, Ran C, Wen M, Guo G, Liu Y, Liao L, Li Y, Li M, Yu D. Prediction of Multicomponent Reaction Yields Using Machine Learning. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Yong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Chuan‐Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Ming Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Gui‐Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Li‐Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Yi‐Zhou Li
- College of Cybersecurity Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Meng‐Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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17
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Gimnkhan A, Rueping M. Unactivated Alkyl Chloride Reactivity in Excited-State Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6905-6910. [PMID: 34432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis is an efficient process for the alkylation of diverse organic compounds via the generation of alkyl radicals from alkyl bromides and iodides. However, the generation of alkyl radicals from more stable alkyl chlorides remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the excited-state palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oxindoles and isoquinolinediones via alkylation/annulation reaction by overcoming inherent limitations associated with unactivated C(sp3)-Cl bond activation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Cai B, Cheo HW, Liu T, Wu J. Light‐Promoted Organic Transformations Utilizing Carbon‐Based Gas Molecules as Feedstocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Han Wen Cheo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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19
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Du J, Wang X, Wang H, Wei J, Huang X, Song J, Zhang J. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Radical Cascade Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2021; 23:5631-5635. [PMID: 34236201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed intermolecular radical cascade reaction of N-arylacrylamides with unactivated alkyl bromides is disclosed. Photoexcited Pd complexes transfer a single electron in this protocol, and hybrid alkyl Pd-radical species are involved as the key reaction intermediates. Sophisticated bioactive oxindole derivatives bearing various substituents and substitution patterns can be efficiently afforded through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Wang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Wei
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Centre for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhou C, Li M, Sun J, Cheng J, Sun S. Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Aminomethyl Carboxylation of Styrenes with Sodium Glycinates: Synthesis of γ-Amino Acids and γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2021; 23:2895-2899. [PMID: 33783223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox-catalyzed reductive α-aminomethyl carboxylation of styrenes with sodium glycinates and CO2 has been developed to synthesize a series of α,α-disubstituted γ-amino acids and γ-lactams with high efficiency and regioselectivity. Notably, CO2 released from the decarboxylation step can be reused for the subsequent carboxylation. Distinct from the previous reactions with the same type of substrates leading to simple decarboxylation and olefin hydroalkylation, this process involves additional CO2 sequestration, thus leading to olefin α-aminomethyl carboxylation. These findings not only provide new access to α,α-disubstituted γ-amino acids and γ-lactams but also serve as a proof of concept for CO2 reutilization in decarboxylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
| | - Song Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China
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21
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Larin EM, Torelli A, Loup J, Lautens M. One-Pot, Three-Step Synthesis of Benzoxazinones via Use of the Bpin Group as a Masked Nucleophile. Org Lett 2021; 23:2720-2725. [PMID: 33689389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of the Bpin group as a pronucleophile to facilitate the assembly of cyclic carbamates has been achieved. This one-pot process involves an initial copper-catalyzed borylation, a subsequent C-B bond oxidation to generate the reactive alcohol intermediate, and a cyclization. We report the use of this efficient, scalable, and simple method toward the synthesis of a wide range of benzoxazinone scaffolds, including enantioselective results. Subsequent transformations into useful scaffolds showcase the utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor M Larin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexa Torelli
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joachim Loup
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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22
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Cai B, Cheo HW, Liu T, Wu J. Light-Promoted Organic Transformations Utilizing Carbon-Based Gas Molecules as Feedstocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18950-18980. [PMID: 33002315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based gas molecules are readily available feedstocks and are widely used in industry as building blocks or fuels. However, their application in the synthesis of fine chemicals has been hampered due to operational complexity, poor reaction efficiency and selectivity. Recent development of photoredox-promoted transformations using such gaseous reagents has received considerable attention from the synthetic community. In this review, efforts in developing light-promoted organic transformations using carbon-based natural gases as C1 or C2 feedstocks and to overcome the associated challenges are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Han Wen Cheo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang G, Cheng Y, Beller M, Chen F. Direct Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide via Cooperative Photoredox and Transition‐Metal Dual Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Cheng
- School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University 116 Broadway Street New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
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24
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Puleo TR, Sujansky SJ, Wright SE, Bandar JS. Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research. Chemistry 2021; 27:4216-4229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stephen J. Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Shawn E. Wright
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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25
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Cheng Y, Yu S, He Y, An G, Li G, Yang Z. C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles by tuning Pd catalytic modes: Pd(i)-Pd(ii) catalysis vs. Pd(ii) catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3216-3225. [PMID: 34164090 PMCID: PMC8179361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles have been developed. The former route enables C4-arylation in a highly efficient and mild manner and the latter route provides an alternative straightforward protocol for synthesis of C2/C4 disubstituted indoles. The mechanism studies imply that the different reaction pathways were tuned by the distinct acid additives, which led to either the Pd(i)-Pd(ii) pathway or Pd(ii) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
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26
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Recent advances in the synthesis of heterocycles and pharmaceuticals from the photo/electrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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John SE, Gulati S, Shankaraiah N. Recent advances in multi-component reactions and their mechanistic insights: a triennium review. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent developments in MCRs, incorporating different strategies along with their mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad – 500 037
- India
| | - Shivani Gulati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad – 500 037
- India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad – 500 037
- India
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28
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Jiang YX, Chen L, Ran CK, Song L, Zhang W, Liao LL, Yu DG. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Carboxylation of Cyclic Oxime Esters with CO 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6312-6317. [PMID: 33017513 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylation of cyclic oxime esters with carbon dioxide via visible-light photoredox catalysis is demonstrated for the first time. A variety of cyclic oxime esters undergo ring-opening C-C bond cleavage and carboxylation to give cyanoalkyl-containing carboxylic acids in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this methodology features mild reaction conditions (room temperature, 1 atm), wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance as well as facile derivations of products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radicals and anions might be the key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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29
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Pradhan S, Roy S, Sahoo B, Chatterjee I. Utilization of CO 2 Feedstock for Organic Synthesis by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 27:2254-2269. [PMID: 32931070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CO2 is a highly abundant, green, and sustainable carbon feedstock. Despite its kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability, the development of various catalytic techniques has enabled the conversion of CO2 to value-added products such as carboxylic acids, amino acids, and heterocyclic compounds, where visible-light photocatalysis has emerged to be an efficient promoter of these processes. This Minireview covers the progress in the areas of CO2 incorporation onto organic matters based on the combined venture of renewable resources of CO2 and light energy with significant emphasis on the last three years' developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and, Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
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30
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Wu X, Xiao G, Ding Y, Zhan Y, Zhao Y, Chen R, Loh TP. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Polarity-Mismatched Addition of Unactivated Alkyl Radicals to Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guanlin Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yalan Ding
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
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31
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Direct C(sp 2)-H alkylation of unactivated arenes enabled by photoinduced Pd catalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5266. [PMID: 33077720 PMCID: PMC7572399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of efficient and selective synthesis of widely useful alkylarenes, the direct catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with a readily available alkyl halide remains elusive. Here, we report the catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation reactions of unactivated arenes with alkyl bromides via visible-light induced Pd catalysis. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions without any skeletal rearrangement of the alkyl groups. The direct syntheses of structurally diverse linear and branched alkylarenes, including the late-stage phenylation of biologically active molecules and an orthogonal one-pot sequential Pd-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reaction, are achieved with exclusive chemoselectivity and exceptional functional group tolerance. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations through a combination of experimental and computational methods reveal a distinguishable Pd(0)/Pd(I) redox catalytic cycle and the origin of the counter-intuitive reactivity differences among alkyl halides. Direct catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with alkyl halides remains elusive despite the progress in C-H functionalization. Here, the authors report the catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with alkyl bromides via visible-light induced Pd catalysis.
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32
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Xiong TK, Li XJ, Zhang M, Liang Y. Organic synthesis of fixed CO 2 using nitrogen as a nucleophilic center. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7774-7788. [PMID: 32966496 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent progress in the application of CO2 as an electrophilic reagent and nitrogen as a nucleophilic center under different catalytic conditions in organic synthesis is summarized. The used catalytic methods in the reactions of CO2 and nitrogen are classified as metal catalysis, metal-free catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Various catalytic conditions have been used to solve the problems of thermodynamic properties and stability of CO2. The transformation mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kai Xiong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Copper/DTBP-Promoted Oxyselenation of Propargylic Amines with Diselenides and CO 2: Synthesis of Selenyl 2-Oxazolidinones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10924-10933. [PMID: 32786223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient electrophilic oxyselenation of propargylic amines with diselenides and CO2 under atmospheric pressure promoted by copper/DTBP is reported. Various biologically important selenyl 2-oxazolidinones were produced in moderate to excellent yields. The developed method features a broad substrate scope, easy scalability, and mild reaction conditions.
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34
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Huang HM, Bellotti P, Pflüger PM, Schwarz JL, Heidrich B, Glorius F. Three-Component, Interrupted Radical Heck/Allylic Substitution Cascade Involving Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10173-10183. [PMID: 32379432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficient and selective strategies to approach complex architectures containing (multi)stereogenic centers has been a long-standing synthetic challenge in both academia and industry. Catalytic cascade reactions represent a powerful means of rapidly leveraging molecular complexity from simple feedstocks. Unfortunately, carrying out cascade Heck-type reactions involving unactivated (tertiary) alkyl halides remains an unmet challenge owing to unavoidable β-hydride elimination. Herein, we show that a modular, practical, and general palladium-catalyzed, radical three-component coupling can indeed overcome the aforementioned limitations through an interrupted Heck/allylic substitution sequence mediated by visible light. Selective 1,4-difunctionalization of unactivated 1,3-dienes, such as butadiene, has been achieved by employing different commercially available nitrogen-, oxygen-, sulfur-, or carbon-based nucleophiles and unactivated alkyl bromides (>130 examples, mostly >95:5 E/Z, >20:1 rr). Sequential C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C-X (N, O, S) bonds have been constructed efficiently with a broad scope and high functional group tolerance. The flexibility and versatility of the strategy have been illustrated in a gram-scale reaction and streamlined syntheses of complex ether, sulfone, and tertiary amine products, some of which would be difficult to access via currently established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp M Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J Luca Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Heidrich
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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35
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Ran C, Huang H, Li X, Wang W, Ye J, Yan S, Wang B, Feng C, Yu D. Cu‐Catalyzed Selective Oxy‐Cyanoalkylation of Allylamines with Cycloketone Oxime Esters and CO
2. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan‐Kun Ran
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceSichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan 610068 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xing‐Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Jian‐Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Si‐Shun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Bi‐Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceSichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan 610068 China
| | - Chun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceSichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan 610068 China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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Zhou C, Dong Y, Yu JT, Sun S, Cheng J. Palladium/copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of propargylic amides, halohydrocarbons and CO 2 toward functionalized oxazolidine-2,4-diones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13685-13688. [PMID: 31650995 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A palladium/copper-catalyzed oxy-carbonation of propargylic amides by halohydrocarbons and CO2 has been developed toward functionalized oxazolidine-2,4-diones. This multi-component reaction (MCR) was triggered by the oxidative addition of RX to Pd(0), followed by the sequential carboxylation of amide and trans-oxopalladation of an electron-deficient triple bond by RPdX species. Finally, the reductive elimination afforded products possessing tetra-substituted vinyl motifs and Pd(0). This protocol features simultaneous formation of three bonds, representing an efficient method for incorporation of CO2 into value-added heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqun Dong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Song Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road 1, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China.
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