1
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Luo Y, Zhang M, Xia Y. Isatoic anhydride as a masked directing group and internal oxidant for Rh(III)-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation through C-H activation: insights from DFT calculations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39400304 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations uncovered a new mechanism for the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of isatoic anhydride with alkynes, in which the acyloxy group formed from the N-H deprotonation and C-O bond cleavage of isatoic anhydride acts as the directing group to assist the ortho C-H activation. From the generated five-membered rhodacycle intermediate, the final aminoisocoumarin product could be formed by subsequent steps of alkyne insertion, reductive elimination, decarbonylation, and protonation. The isocyanate moiety contained in the annulation intermediate was uncovered as a novel internal oxidant for the reaction, which oxidizes the Rh(I) to Rh(III) by decarbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Maosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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2
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Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed Weak-Chelation-Assisted C4-Nitration of Indoles with tert-Butyl Nitrite: Formal Access to Aminated Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:988-993. [PMID: 38277494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed weak-chelation-assisted C4-selective nitration of indoles has been accomplished employing tert-butyl nitrite in the presence of oxone under molecular oxygen at a moderate temperature. Aerobic conditions, C4-selectivity, substrate scope, conversion to valuable aminated indoles, and late-stage natural product modifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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3
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. A redox-neutral weak carbonyl chelation assisted C4-H allylation of indoles with vinylcyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11568-11571. [PMID: 37682283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A weak acyl chelation-assisted distal C4-H allylation of indoles has been accomplished using vinylcyclopropanes as an allylating agent under redox-neutral ruthenium(II) catalysis. The regioselectivity, removable directing group, substrate scope and diastereoselectivity are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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4
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Bhattacharyya H, Saha S, Verma K, Punniyamurthy T. Redox-Neutral Site-Selective C-H Allylation and Iodolactonization of Benzoic Acids Using Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts in Water. Org Lett 2023; 25:6830-6834. [PMID: 37682011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A Ru-catalyzed carboxylate directed C-H allylation and iodolactonization of benzoic acids has been accomplished with Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts as the coupling partner in environmentally benign water as solvent. The redox-neutral conditions, use of water as a solvent, substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and mutation of natural products and drug molecules are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanga Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sharajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kshitiz Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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5
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Sarkar S, Biswas A, Das S, Sanyal B, Sahoo R, Samanta R. Weakly coordinating tert-amide assisted Rh(III)-catalyzed C4-cyanation of indoles: application in photophysical studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11200-11203. [PMID: 37650543 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed indole C4-selective cyanation is described using the bench-stable, user-friendly electrophilic cyanation agent N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) as a coupling partner. A suitably positioned weakly coordinating tert-amide group was utilized for this site selectivity. The developed protocol proceeded with a broad scope. [Cp*Rh(MeCN)3][SbF6]2 was found to be an effective Rh(III) catalyst for this transformation. An initial study was carried out to know the photophysical properties of the C4-cyanated indole frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Sarbojit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Bortika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajkumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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6
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Bisht R, Popescu MV, He Z, Ibrahim AM, Crisenza GEM, Paton RS, Procter DJ. Metal-Free Arylation of Benzothiophenes at C4 by Activation as their Benzothiophene S-Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302418. [PMID: 37000422 PMCID: PMC10953450 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiophenes, activated by oxidation to the corresponding S-oxides, undergo C-H/C-H-type coupling with phenols to give C4 arylation products. While an electron-withdrawing group at C3 of the benzothiophene is important, the process operates without a directing group and a metal catalyst, thus rendering it compatible with sensitive functionalities-e.g. halides and formyl groups. Quantum chemical calculations suggest a formal stepwise mechanism involving heterolytic cleavage of an aryloxysulfur species to give a π-complex of the corresponding benzothiophene and a phenoxonium cation. Subsequent addition of the phenoxonium cation to the C4 position of the benzothiophene is favored over the addition to C3; Fukui functions predict that the major regioisomer is formed at the more electron-rich position between C3 and C4. Varied selective manipulation of the benzothiophene products showcase the synthetic utility of the metal-free arylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bisht
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Mihai V. Popescu
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityCenter AveFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ameer M. Ibrahim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityCenter AveFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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7
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Li JF, Yin B, Wang JJ. Mechanistic Insights into Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective C4-Alkenylation of 3-Acetylindole: A Detailed Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14125-14136. [PMID: 36256734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic study of Co(III)-catalyzed C4-alkenylation of 3-acetylindole (1a) was done based on calculations at density functional theory (DFT) and correlated wave function levels. The whole catalytic cycle consists of four steps: C-H activation, olefin insertion, β-hydride elimination, and regeneration of the catalyst. The theoretical results support olefin insertion as the rate-determining step leading to the experimentally observed regioselectivity of the C4 site over the C2 site. By the analysis of three-dimensional (3D) geometries and the NCl plot, the preference for the C4 site over the C2 site could be attributed to the weaker repulsive interaction between the indole moiety and olefin in the transition states of the olefin insertion step for the former. The reliability of the theoretical mechanistic results is further confirmed through the DFT calculation of other related indole derivatives and olefin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Lab of Theoretical Molecular Magnetism (LTMM), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ji-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
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8
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Paul T, Basak S, Punniyamurthy T. Weak Chelation-Assisted C4-Selective Alkylation of Indoles with Cyclopropanols via Sequential C-H/C-C Bond Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:6000-6005. [PMID: 35947032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Rh-catalyzed weak chelation-guided C4-alkylation of indoles has been accomplished using cyclopropanols as an alkylating agent via the cascade C-H and C-C bond activation. The substrate scope, functional group tolerance, and late-stage mutation of drug molecules are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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9
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Wu F, Xiao L, Xie H, Chen SY, Song JL, Zheng YC, Liu YZ, Zhang SS. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed regioselective C(sp 2)-H activation of indoles at the C4-position with iodonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5055-5059. [PMID: 35695281 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Rh(III)-catalyzed C4-selective activation of indoles by using iodonium ylides as carbene precursors. This protocol proceeded under redox neutral reaction conditions and provided important coupling products with good tolerance of functional groups and high yields. In addition, one-pot synthesis and scale-up and mechanistic studies were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Wu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhi Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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10
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Taskesenligil Y, Aslan M, Cogurcu T, Saracoglu N. Directed C-H Functionalization of C3-Aldehyde, Ketone, and Acid/Ester-Substituted Free (NH) Indoles with Iodoarenes via a Palladium Catalyst System. J Org Chem 2022; 88:1299-1318. [PMID: 35609297 PMCID: PMC9903333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylations of free (NH) indoles including different carbonyl directing groups on C3-position with aryl iodides are demonstrated. Importantly, the reactions are carried out using the same catalyst system without any additional transient directing group (TDG). In this study, the formyl group as a directing group gave the C4-arylated indoles versus C2-arylation. Using this catalyst system, C-H functionalization of 3-acetylindoles provided domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration products. This transformation involves the unusual migration of the acetyl group to the C2-position following C4-arylation in one pot. Meanwhile, migration of the acetyl group could be simply controlled and N-protected 3-acetylindoles afforded C4-arylation products without migration of the acetyl group. Functionalization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (or methyl ester) with aryl iodides using the present Pd(II)-catalyst system resulted in decarboxylation followed by the formation of C2-arylated indoles. Based on the control experiments and the literature, plausible mechanisms are proposed. The synthetic utilities of these acetylindole derivatives have also been demonstrated. Remarkably, C4-arylated acetylindoles have allowed the construction of functionalized pityiacitrin (a natural product).
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11
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Singh A, Dey A, Pal K, Dash OP, Volla CMR. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Transient Directing Group-Assisted Regioselective Diverse C4-H Functionalizations of Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:1941-1946. [PMID: 35261251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rational strategy for achieving site-selective C4-H halogenation of indoles is an appealing yet challenging task. Herein, we disclose a Pd(II)-catalyzed transient directing group (TDG)-assisted methodology for realizing C4 chlorination/bromination of indoles employing glycine as the TDG and NFSI as a bystanding oxidant. The use of inexpensive and commercially available CuX2 as the halide source is the key highlight of this protocol. Furthermore, the TDG methodology was also extended to accessing C4 acetoxylated indoles employing acetic acid as the acetate source and 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arnab Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Om Prakash Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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12
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Yang Y, Shang H, Li X, Zhu K, Luan Y. The synthesis of a copper metal‐organic framework Cu
3
TDPAT and its application in a Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
| | - Hailing Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
| | - Kaicheng Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo‐electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Yi Luan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
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13
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Liu YZ, Zeng YF, Shu B, Zheng YC, Xiao L, Chen SY, Song JL, Zhang X, Zhang SS. Rh( iii)-Catalyzed dienylation and cyclopropylation of indoles at the C4 position with alkylidenecyclopropanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization of indoles at the C4 position with alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhi Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bing Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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14
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed 2-fold C-H Activation/C-C Coupling for C4-Arylation of Indoles Using Weak Chelation. Org Lett 2021; 24:554-558. [PMID: 34968057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed weak chelation-assisted regioselective C4-arylation of indoles has been accomplished using a readily available arene at moderate temperature. The C4-arylation, weak chelating benzoyl (Bz) directing group, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), broad substrate scope, and late-stage diversifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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15
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Jadhav PP, Kahar NM, Dawande SG. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- and Regioselective Oxidative C6 Alkenylation of Indole-7-carboxamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8673-8677. [PMID: 34723545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We disclosed the first efficient method for highly chemo- and regioselective C6 alkenylation of indole-7-carboxamides using inexpensive Ru(II) catalyst through chelation assisted C-H bond activation. Electronically diverse indole-7-carboxamides and alkenes react efficiently to produce a wide range of C6 alkenyl indole derivatives. Further the C6 alkenyl indole-7-carboxamides modified to their derivatives through simple chemical transformations. The observed regioselectivity and kinetics has been evidenced by deuterium incorporation and intermolecular competitive studies. In addition, for mechanistic insights, the intermediates were analyzed by HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj P Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Nilesh M Kahar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Sudam G Dawande
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
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16
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Xie H, Chen S, Song J, Shu B. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Allylation and Prenylation of Indoles at C4‐Position. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Zhi Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shao‐Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shu
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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17
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Murugesan T, Sivarajan C, Jayakumari CM, Singh RK, Vennapusa SR, Kaliyamoorthy A. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C2-Biarylation of Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10838-10851. [PMID: 34291945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biaryl and indole units are important structural motifs in several bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have accomplished straightforward access to C2-biarylated indole derivatives through palladium-catalyzed C-H activation strategy with a broad range of substrate scope in yields of 24 to 92%. Besides, the UV/visible absorption and fluorescence properties of the ensuing products were explored. The calculated higher dihedral angle and rotational barrier values for the selected C2-biarylated indoles show that these compounds may display atropisomerism at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilarasu Murugesan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Chinraj Sivarajan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Chithra Mohan Jayakumari
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Singh
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alagiri Kaliyamoorthy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
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18
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Zhang SS, Zheng YC, Zhang ZW, Chen SY, Xie H, Shu B, Song JL, Liu YZ, Zeng YF, Zhang L. Access to Branched Allylarenes via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of (Hetero)arenes with 2-Methylidenetrimethylene Carbonate. Org Lett 2021; 23:5719-5723. [PMID: 34286981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of (hetero)arenes by using 2-methylidenetrimethylene carbonate as an efficient allylic source has been developed for the first time. Five different directing groups including oxime, N-nitroso, purine, pyridine, and pyrimidine were compatible, delivering various branched allylarenes bearing an allylic hydroxyl group in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zheng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bing Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhi Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, P. R. China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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19
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Sarkar T, Shah TA, Maharana PK, Talukdar K, Das BK, Punniyamurthy T. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directing Group Assisted (Hetero)aryl C-H Functionalization: Construction of C-C/C-Heteroatom Bonds. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3758-3778. [PMID: 34164920 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization is one of the fascinating scientific fronts in organic synthesis for the formation of conjugated arenes and has emerged as a benchmark to revolutionize the synthetic enterprise since past decades. In this realm, chelation-guided functionalization of C-H bonds using an exogenous directing group has received considerable attention recently for the expedient regioselective construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds as an efficient and sustainable alternative. This article outlines our contribution towards a wide variety of transformations that have been achieved by the directed C-H functionalization through the fine tuning of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039
| | - Tariq A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | | | - Kangkan Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039
| | - Bijay Ketan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039
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20
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Kathiravan S, Anaspure P, Zhang T, Nicholls IA. Tandem Iridium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative C-H Activation of Indole: Sacrificial Electron-Rich Ketone-Assisted Bis-arylsulfenylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3331-3336. [PMID: 33908788 PMCID: PMC8289288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Described herein
is a decarbonylative tandem C–H bis-arylsulfenylation
of indole at the C2 and C4 C–H bonds through the use of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl
iridium dichloride dimer ([Cp*IrCl2]2) catalyst
and disulfides. A new sacrificial electron-rich adamantoyl-directing
group facilitates indole C–H bis-functionalization with a traceless
in situ removal. Various differently substituted disulfides can be
easily accommodated in this reaction by a coordination to Ir(III)
through the formation of six- and five-membered iridacycles at the
C2 and C4 positions, respectively. Mechanistic studies show that a
C–H activation-induced C–C activation is involved in
the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subban Kathiravan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Prasad Anaspure
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Chemical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39182, Sweden
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21
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Li L, Li X, Wang W, He Q, Fan R. Synthesis of 4-Alkylindoles from 2-Alkynylanilines via Dearomatization- and Aromatization-Triggered Alkyl Migration. Org Lett 2021; 23:2130-2134. [PMID: 33688741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for rapid synthesis of 4-alkylindoles from 2-alkynylanilines was reported. The protocol involves an oxidative dearomatization and an aromatization triggered regioselective alkyl migration. A range of alkyl groups including linear, branched, or cycloalkyl groups can be introduced into the C4 position of indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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22
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Danton F, Najjar R, Othman M, Lawson AM, Moncol J, Ghinet A, Rigo B, Oulyadi H, Daïch A. Site‐Selective Pd‐Catalysed Fujiwara‐Moritani type Reaction of
N,S
‐Heterocyclic Systems with Olefins. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Danton
- Normandie Univ UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France EA 3221 CNRS INC3M FR3030, UFS-ST 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP. 1123 76063 Le Havre Cedex France
| | - Riham Najjar
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA 76000 Rouen France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France EA 3221 CNRS INC3M FR3030, UFS-ST 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP. 1123 76063 Le Havre Cedex France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Univ UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France EA 3221 CNRS INC3M FR3030, UFS-ST 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP. 1123 76063 Le Havre Cedex France
| | - Ján Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 SK-81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health Health & Environment Department Team Sustainable Chemistry Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 – RID-AGE – Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement F-59000 Lille France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry ‘Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi Bd. Carol I nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health Health & Environment Department Team Sustainable Chemistry Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 – RID-AGE – Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement F-59000 Lille France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA 76000 Rouen France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France EA 3221 CNRS INC3M FR3030, UFS-ST 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, BP. 1123 76063 Le Havre Cedex France
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23
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Kumar P, Nagtilak PJ, Kapur M. Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations of indoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises a wide range of transformations on the indole skeleton, including arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, acylation, nitration, borylation, and amidation, using transition-metal catalyzed C–H functionalization as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Prajyot Jayadev Nagtilak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
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24
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Pradhan S, De PB, Shah TA, Punniyamurthy T. Recent Advances in Metal‐catalyzed Alkylation, Alkenylation and Alkynylation of Indole/indoline Benzenoid Nucleus. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4184-4198. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
- Govt. Srinagar Women's College Zakura Srinagar 190006 India
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25
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Kumar Gupta P, Kumar Yadav A, Nand Singh K. Visible Light‐Triggered β‐Allylation of Indoles Using Baylis‐Hillman Bromides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study)Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study)Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Department of ChemistryBRD PG College Deoria 274001 India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study)Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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26
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Sherikar MS, Devarajappa R, Prabhu KR. Weak Coordinating Carbonyl-Directed Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation at the C4-Position of Indole with Allyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5516-5524. [PMID: 32192332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A weakly coordinating carbonyl-directed coupling of allyl alcohols at the C-4 position of indole derivatives under the C-H activation conditions catalyzed by Rh(III) is reported. This results in alkylation at the C-4 position of indole derivatives exclusively. The obtained product forms a tricyclic derivative under aldol reaction conditions, which can be a potential precursor for synthesizing a few alkaloid molecules such as ergot, hapalindole alkaloids, and related heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Devarajappa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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27
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Pradhan S, Mishra M, De PB, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Weak Coordination Enabled Switchable C4-Alkenylation and Alkylation of Indoles with Allyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2020; 22:1720-1725. [PMID: 32065752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A weak carbonyl coordination facilitated tunable reactivity between alkenylation and alkylation of indoles at the C4 C-H site is presented using readily accessible allylic alcohols in the presence of Rh catalysis by switching the additives or directing group. Exclusive site selectivity, functional group tolerance, and late-stage modifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Manmath Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sonbidya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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28
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Biswas A, Bera S, Poddar P, Dhara D, Samanta R. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed tandem indole C4-arylamination/annulation with anthranils: access to indoloquinolines and their application in photophysical studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1440-1443. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Rh(iii)-catalyzed straightforward strategy was developed for the site-selective tandem C4 arylamination/annulation of indole derivatives with anthranil to provide indoloquinoline moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Satabdi Bera
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Puja Poddar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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29
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Pan C, Huang G, Shan Y, Li Y, Yu JT. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed regioselective C4 alkylation of indoles with allylic alcohols: direct access to β-indolyl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3038-3042. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(iii)-catalyzed direct C4 alkylation of indoles with allylic alcohols to access β-indolyl ketones was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- P. R. China
| | - Gao Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Yujia Shan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Yiting Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- P. R. China
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