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Øvrebø Ø, De Lauretis A, Ma Q, Lyngstadaas SP, Perale G, Nilsen O, Rossi F, Haugen HJ. Towards bone regeneration: Understanding the nucleating ability of proline-rich peptides in biomineralisation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213801. [PMID: 38401402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining rapid mineralisation is a challenge in current bone graft materials, which has been attributed to the difficulty of guiding the biological processes towards osteogenesis. Amelogenin, a key protein in enamel formation, inspired the design of two intrinsically disordered peptides (P2 and P6) that enhance in vivo bone formation, but the process is not fully understood. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism by which these peptides induce improved mineralisation. Our molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated that in an aqueous environment, P2 and P6 fold to interact with the surrounding Ca2+, PO43- and OH- ions, which can lead to apatite nucleation. Although P2 has a less stable backbone, it folds to a stable structure that allows for the nucleation of larger calcium phosphate aggregates than P6. These results were validated experimentally in a concentrated simulated body fluid solution, where the peptide solutions accelerated the mineralisation process compared to the control and yielded mineral structures mimicking the amorphous calcium phosphate crystals that can be found in lamella bone. A pH drop for the peptide groups suggests depletion of calcium and phosphate, a prerequisite for intrinsic osteoinduction, while S/TEM and SEM suggested that the peptide regulated the mineral nucleation into lamella flakes. Evidently, the peptides accelerate and guide mineral formation, elucidating the mechanism for how these peptides can improve the efficacy of P2 or P6 containing devices for bone regeneration. The work also demonstrates how experimental mineralisation study coupled with molecular dynamics is a valid method for understanding and predicting in vivo performance prior to animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; Material Biomimetic AS, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela De Lauretis
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Mezzovico-Vira 6805, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano 6900, Switzerland; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ola Nilsen
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
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Øvrebø Ø, Perale G, Wojciechowski JP, Echalier C, Jeffers JRT, Stevens MM, Haugen HJ, Rossi F. Design and clinical application of injectable hydrogels for musculoskeletal therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10295. [PMID: 35600661 PMCID: PMC9115710 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal defects are an enormous healthcare burden and source of pain and disability for individuals. With an aging population, the proportion of individuals living with these medical indications will increase. Simultaneously, there is pressure on healthcare providers to source efficient solutions, which are cheaper and less invasive than conventional technology. This has led to an increased research focus on hydrogels as highly biocompatible biomaterials that can be delivered through minimally invasive procedures. This review will discuss how hydrogels can be designed for clinical translation, particularly in the context of the new European Medical Device Regulation (MDR). We will then do a deep dive into the clinically used hydrogel solutions that have been commercially approved or have undergone clinical trials in Europe or the United States. We will discuss the therapeutic mechanism and limitations of these products. Due to the vast application areas of hydrogels, this work focuses only on treatments of cartilage, bone, and the nucleus pulposus. Lastly, the main steps toward clinical translation of hydrogels as medical devices are outlined. We suggest a framework for how academics can assist small and medium MedTech enterprises conducting the initial clinical investigation and post‐market clinical follow‐up required in the MDR. It is evident that the successful translation of hydrogels is governed by acquiring high‐quality pre‐clinical and clinical data confirming the device mechanism of action and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Material Biomimetic ASOslo Science ParkOsloNorway
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SAMezzovico‐ViraSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Southern SwitzerlandLuganoSwitzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan P. Wojciechowski
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cécile Echalier
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical Science, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Håvard J. Haugen
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Material Biomimetic ASOslo Science ParkOsloNorway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
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Exploiting the fundamentals of biological organization for the advancement of biofabrication. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:42-54. [PMID: 34798447 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of biofabrication continues to progress, offering higher levels of spatial control, reproducibility, and functionality. However, we remain far from recapitulating what nature has achieved. Biological systems such as tissues and organs are assembled from the bottom-up through coordinated supramolecular and cellular processes that result in their remarkable structures and functionalities. In this perspective, we propose that incorporating such biological assembling mechanisms within fabrication techniques, offers an opportunity to push the boundaries of biofabrication. We dissect these mechanisms into distinct biological organization principles (BOPs) including self-assembly, compartmentalization, diffusion-reaction, disorder-to-order transitions, and out-of-equilibrium processes. We highlight recent work demonstrating the viability and potential of these approaches to enhance scalability, reproducibility, vascularization, and biomimicry; as well as current challenges to overcome.
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Abstract
Biomineralization of enamel, dentin, and bone involves the deposition of apatite mineral crystals within an organic matrix. Bone and teeth are classic examples of biomaterials with unique biomechanical properties that are crucial to their function. The collagen-based apatite mineralization and the important function of noncollagenous proteins are similar in dentin and bone; however, enamel is formed in a unique amelogenin-containing protein matrix. While the structure and organic composition of enamel are different from those of dentin and bone, the principal molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions, protein self-assembly, and control of crystallization events by the organic matrix are common among these apatite-containing tissues. This review briefly summarizes enamel and dentin matrix components and their interactions with other extracellular matrix components and calcium ions in mediating the mineralization process. We highlight the crystallization events that are controlled by the protein matrix and their interactions in the extracellular matrix during enamel and dentin biomineralization. Strategies for peptide-inspired biomimetic growth of tooth enamel and bioinspired mineralization of collagen to stimulate repair of demineralized dentin and bone tissue engineering are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A George
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Argudo PG, Giner-Casares JJ. Folding and self-assembly of short intrinsically disordered peptides and protein regions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1789-1812. [PMID: 36133101 PMCID: PMC9417027 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptide fragments are highly relevant building blocks in self-assembly for nanostructures with plenty of applications. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and protein regions (IDRs) are defined by the absence of a well-defined secondary structure, yet IDPs/IDRs show a significant biological activity. Experimental techniques and computational modelling procedures for the characterization of IDPs/IDRs are discussed. Directed self-assembly of IDPs/IDRs allows reaching a large variety of nanostructures. Hybrid materials based on the derivatives of IDPs/IDRs show a promising performance as alternative biocides and nanodrugs. Cell mimicking, in vivo compartmentalization, and bone regeneration are demonstrated for IDPs/IDRs in biotechnological applications. The exciting possibilities of IDPs/IDRs in nanotechnology with relevant biological applications are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Argudo
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO 16 Avenue Pey-Berland 33600 Pessac France
| | - Juan J Giner-Casares
- Departamento de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO) Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie E-14071 Córdoba Spain
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Zhu H, Blahnová VH, Perale G, Xiao J, Betge F, Boniolo F, Filová E, Lyngstadaas SP, Haugen HJ. Xeno-Hybrid Bone Graft Releasing Biomimetic Proteins Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619111. [PMID: 33415112 PMCID: PMC7784409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect is a noteworthy health problem and is the second most transplanted tissue after blood. Numerous bone grafts are designed and applied in clinics. Limitations, however, from different aspects still exist, including limited supply, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. In this study, two biomimetic peptides (P2 and P6) are incorporated into a composite bioactive xeno hybrid bone graft named SmartBonePep®, with the aim to increase the bioactivity of the bone graft. The results, which include cytotoxicity, proliferation rate, confocal microscopy, gene expression, and protein qualification, successfully prove that the SmartBonePep® has multi-modal biological effects on human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. The effective physical entrapment of P6 into a composite xeno-hybrid bone graft, withstanding manufacturing processes including exposure to strong organic solvents and ethylene oxide sterilization, increases the osteogenic potential of the stem cells as well as cell attachment and proliferation. P2 and P6 both show a strong biological potential and may be future candidates for enhancing the clinical performance of bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Biophysics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri S.A., Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Felice Betge
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri S.A., Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Boniolo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Filová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Biophysics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Corticalis AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Corticalis AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cirera A, Sevilla P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Osseointegration around dental implants biofunctionalized with TGFβ-1 inhibitor peptides: an in vivo study in beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:62. [PMID: 32696084 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization with two TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, on osseointegration of CP-Ti dental implants. A total of 36 implants (VEGA, Klockner®) with 3.5 × 8 mm internal connection were used in this study, divided in three groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) implants which surfaces were biofunctionalized with P17 peptide inhibitor (n = 12), (3) implants with surfaces biofunctionalized by P144 peptide (n = 12). Three implants, one from each group, were inserted in both hemimandibles of 6 beagle dogs, 2 months after tooth extraction. Two animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were analyzed by Backscattering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM) and histological analysis. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone fraction (BF) and interthread bone (IB) were carried out. Bone formation around implants measured by quantitative analysis, BS-SEM, was significantly higher in the P17-biofunctionalized implants, 4 and 8 weeks after the implantation. Histomorphometric analysis of BIC, BF and IB showed higher values in the P17-biofunctionalized group at initial stages of healing (2 weeks) and early osseointegration both at 4 and 8 weeks. For P144 biofunctionalized implants, the histomorphometric values obtained are also higher than control group. Accordingly, better results in the experimental groups were proven both by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. Surface biofunctionalization with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, resulted in better quantitative and qualitative parameters relative to implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cirera
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià - EUSS Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, DPyTEx, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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Nica C, Lin Z, Sculean A, Asparuhova MB. Adsorption and Release of Growth Factors from Four Different Porcine-Derived Collagen Matrices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2635. [PMID: 32526991 PMCID: PMC7321618 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic acellular collagen matrices represent a safe alternative to autologous soft tissue transplants in periodontology and implant dentistry. Here, we aimed to investigate the adsorption and release of growth factors from four porcine-derived collagen matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-crosslinked collagen matrix (NCM), crosslinked collagen matrix (CCM), dried acellular dermal matrix (DADM), and hydrated acellular dermal matrix (HADM) adsorbed each of the following growth factors, TGF-β1, FGF-2, PDGF-BB, GDF-5 and BMP-2, with an efficiency close to 100%. Growth factor release for a 13-day period was in the range of 10-50% of the adsorbed protein, except for the BMP-2 release that was in the range of 5-7%. Generally, protein release occurred in two phases. Phase I was arbitrary defined by the highest release from the matrices, usually within 24 h. Phase II, spanning the period immediately after the peak release until day 13, corresponded to the delayed release of the growth factors from the deeper layers of the matrices. HADM showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-BB release in phase II, compared to the rest of the matrices. NCM exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) higher FGF-2 release in phase II, compared to CCM and DADM as well as a characteristic second peak in PDGF-BB release towards the middle of the tested period. In contrast to NCM and HADM, CCM and DADM showed a gradual and significantly higher release of GDF-5 in the second phase. Several burst releases of BMP-2 were characteristic for all matrices. The efficient adsorption and sustained protein release in the first 13 days, and the kinetics seen for HADM, with a burst release within hours and high amount of released growth factor within a secondary phase, may be beneficial for the long-term tissue regeneration following reconstructive periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nica
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Zhikai Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Maria B. Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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