1
|
Singh A, Hassen WM, St-Onge R, Dubowski JJ. Galvanic Displacement Reaction Enabled Specific and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria with a Digital Photocorrosion GaAs/AlGaAs Biosensor. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21768-21776. [PMID: 37969924 PMCID: PMC10641864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of ionic gold with bacterial antibodies makes it possible to induce a specific interaction between targeted bacteria and the surface of a GaAs/AlGaAs biochip. The process of immobilization is based on a galvanic displacement reaction (GDR) involving electron transfer between GaAs and Au3+ ions that leads to the formation of a Au-Ga alloy anchoring bacteria to the biochip surface. The GDR-based immobilization of Escherichia coli on biochips comprising a stack of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers (dGaAs = 12 nm, dAlGaAs = 10 nm) was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy-based infrared experiments. We report the successful application of this approach for highly sensitive detection of E. coli with a digital photocorrosion (DIP) biosensor. The photoluminescence (PL) monitored DIP of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers results in the formation of a PL intensity maximum whose temporal appearance depends on the electric charge transfer between bacteria and the biochip. The formation of a robust bacteria-biochip interface achieved with the GDR process allowed us to observe the role of bacteria on the temporal position of a PL intensity maximum related to the etching of two pairs of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers extending up to 24 nm below the biochip surface. We demonstrate the attractive detection of E. coli at 250 CFU/mL, and we discuss the potential of this approach for designing a family of biosensors addressing the quasi-continuous monitoring of a water environment for the presence of pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Singh
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Walid M. Hassen
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - René St-Onge
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Jan J. Dubowski
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, Xian Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Song Q, Gao Y, Wen W. A Silicon-Based PDMS-PEG Copolymer Microfluidic Chip for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040208. [PMID: 37103298 PMCID: PMC10143339 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used to make lab-on-a-chip devices, such as reactors and sensors, for biological research. Real-time nucleic acid testing is one of the main applications of PDMS microfluidic chips due to their high biocompatibility and transparency. However, the inherent hydrophobicity and excessive gas permeability of PDMS hinder its applications in many fields. This study developed a silicon-based polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene-glycol (PDMS-PEG) copolymer microfluidic chip, the PDMS-PEG copolymer silicon chip (PPc-Si chip), for biomolecular diagnosis. By adjusting the modifier formula for PDMS, the hydrophilic switch occurred within 15 s after contact with water, resulting in only a 0.8% reduction in transmittance after modification. In addition, we evaluated the transmittance at a wide range of wavelengths from 200 nm to 1000 nm to provide a reference for its optical property study and application in optical-related devices. The improved hydrophilicity was achieved by introducing a large number of hydroxyl groups, which also resulted in excellent bonding strength of PPc-Si chips. The bonding condition was easy to achieve and time-saving. Real-time PCR tests were successfully conducted with higher efficiency and lower non-specific absorption. This chip has a high potential for a wide range of applications in point-of-care tests (POCT) and rapid disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, Interdisciplinary Program Office, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qingyue Xian
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, Interdisciplinary Program Office, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yiteng Liu
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, Interdisciplinary Program Office, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, Interdisciplinary Program Office, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weijia Wen
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang S, Zhang Z, Xian Q, Song Q, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wen W. An Aluminum-Based Microfluidic Chip for Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031085. [PMID: 36770751 PMCID: PMC9921548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) tests were successfully conducted in an aluminum-based microfluidic chip developed in this work. The reaction chamber was coated with silicone-modified epoxy resin to isolate the reaction system from metal surfaces, preventing the metal ions from interfering with the reaction process. The patterned aluminum substrate was bonded with a hydroxylated glass mask using silicone sealant at room temperature. The effect of thermal expansion was counteracted by the elasticity of cured silicone. With the heating process closely monitored, real-time PCR testing in reaction chambers proceeded smoothly, and the results show similar quantification cycle values to those of traditional test sets. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the surface of the reaction chamber was smoothly coated, illustrating the promising coating and isolating properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) showed that no metal ions escaped from the metal to the chip surface. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to check the surface chemical state before and after tests, and the unchanged infrared absorption peaks indicated the unreacted, antifouling surface. The limit of detection (LOD) of at least two copies can be obtained in this chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qingyue Xian
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yiteng Liu
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-5781
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ho NRY, Sundah NR, Natalia A, Liu Y, Miow QH, Wang Y, Tambyah PA, Ong CWM, Shao H. Accessible detection of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular nanostructures and automated microfluidics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113629. [PMID: 34534949 PMCID: PMC8435073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and accessible nucleic acid diagnostics is critical to reducing the spread of COVID-19 and resuming socioeconomic activities. Here, we present an integrated platform for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets near patients. Termed electrochemical system integrating reconfigurable enzyme-DNA nanostructures (eSIREN), the technology leverages responsive molecular nanostructures and automated microfluidics to seamlessly transduce target-induced molecular activation into an enhanced electrochemical signal. Through responsive enzyme-DNA nanostructures, the technology establishes a molecular circuitry that directly recognizes specific RNA targets and catalytically enhances signaling; only upon target hybridization, the molecular nanostructures activate to liberate strong enzymatic activity and initiate cascading reactions. Through automated microfluidics, the system coordinates and interfaces the molecular circuitry with embedded electronics; its pressure actuation and liquid-guiding structures improve not only analytical performance but also automated implementation. The developed platform establishes a detection limit of 7 copies of RNA target per μl, operates against the complex biological background of native patient samples, and is completed in <20 min at room temperature. When clinically evaluated, the technology demonstrates accurate detection in extracted RNA samples and direct swab lysates to diagnose COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Chen
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R Y Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Noah R Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Hao Miow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Catherine W M Ong
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|