1
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Guo J, Kong S, Lian Y, Zhao M. Recent bio-applications of covalent organic framework-based nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:918-934. [PMID: 38168699 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Appearing as a new class of functional organic materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have aroused a huge wave of interest in versatile fields ever since they were first proposed in 2005. Thanks to but not limited to their ultralight weights, high surface areas, ordered channels, variable functional groups and well-defined crystal structures, the applications of COF-based biomaterials in the fields of drug loading and delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioimaging, etc. are comprehensively summarized and introduced. The existing challenges and future prospects for this emerging but hot research direction are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will serve as a guidance for future research on COFs as multifunctional bioplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Shuyue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ye Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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2
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Kauser A, Parisini E, Suarato G, Castagna R. Light-Based Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2106. [PMID: 37631320 PMCID: PMC10457815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pose significant challenges not only in clinical settings (i.e., implant-associated infections, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections) but also in industrial settings and in the environment, where the spreading of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is on the rise. Indeed, developing effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation and treat infections will be one of the major global challenges in the next few years. As traditional pharmacological treatments are becoming inadequate to curb this problem, a constant commitment to the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies is necessary. Light-triggered therapies have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional approaches due to their non-invasive nature, precise spatial and temporal control, and potential multifunctional properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different biofilm formation stages and the molecular mechanism of biofilm disruption, with a major focus on the quorum sensing machinery. Moreover, we highlight the principal guidelines for the development of light-responsive materials and photosensitive compounds. The synergistic effects of combining light-triggered therapies with conventional treatments are also discussed. Through elegant molecular and material design solutions, remarkable results have been achieved in the fight against biofilm formation and antibacterial resistance. However, further research and development in this field are essential to optimize therapeutic strategies and translate them into clinical and industrial applications, ultimately addressing the global challenges posed by biofilm and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Kauser
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Castagna
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Yuan Y, Bang KT, Wang R, Kim Y. Macrocycle-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210952. [PMID: 36608278 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles with well-defined cavities and the ability to undergo supramolecular interactions are classical materials that have played an essential role in materials science. However, one of the most substantial barriers limiting the utilization of macrocycles is their aggregation, which blocks the active regions. Among many attempted strategies to prevent such aggregation, installing macrocycles into covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are porous and stable reticular networks, has emerged as an ideal solution. The resulting macrocycle-based COFs (M-COFs) preserve the macrocycles' unique activities, enabling applications in various fields such as single-atom catalysis, adsorption/separation, optoelectronics, phototherapy, and structural design of forming single-layered or mechanically interlocked COFs. The resulting properties are unmatchable by any combination of macrocycles with other substrates, opening a new chapter in advanced materials. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, properties, and applications of M-COFs, and presents an in-depth outlook on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Li Z, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhai J, Liao G, Wang Z, Ning C. Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Das SK, Mishra S, Saha KD, Chandra D, Hara M, Mostafa AA, Bhaumik A. N-Rich, Polyphenolic Porous Organic Polymer and Its In Vitro Anticancer Activity on Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:7326. [PMID: 36364150 PMCID: PMC9657835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N-rich organic materials bearing polyphenolic moieties in their building networks and nanoscale porosities are very demanding in the context of designing efficient biomaterials or drug carriers for the cancer treatment. Here, we report the synthesis of a new triazine-based secondary-amine- and imine-linked polyphenolic porous organic polymer material TrzTFPPOP and explored its potential for in vitro anticancer activity on the human colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116) cell line. This functionalized (-OH, -NH-, -C=N-) organic material displayed an exceptionally high BET surface area of 2140 m2 g-1 along with hierarchical porosity (micropores and mesopores), and it induced apoptotic changes leading to high efficiency in colon cancer cell destruction via p53-regulated DNA damage pathway. The IC30, IC50, and IC70 values obtained from the MTT assay are 1.24, 3.25, and 5.25 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Das
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debraj Chandra
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michikazu Hara
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Amany A. Mostafa
- Nanomedicine & Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Ceramic, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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6
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Chen Y, Li Z, Ding R, Liu T, Zhao H, Zhang X. Construction of porphyrin and viologen-linked cationic porous organic polymer for efficient and selective gold recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128073. [PMID: 34922132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycling precious metals from electronic waste not only benefits environmental protection, but is also favorable for alleviating resource shortages. Ionic porous organic polymers, as one type of burgeoning material, are regarded as excellent adsorbents due to their high ion density, but their application in precious metal recovery is still very limited. Here, V-PPOP-Br, a highly stable and easy-to-build cationic porous organic polymer, was successfully prepared for the first time. By linking porphyrins with viologens, V-PPOP-Br obtained the characteristics of a hierarchical porous structure, a high ion density skeleton, and a rich nitrogen content, which gave it an ultrahigh adsorption capacity (Qmax = 792.22 mg g-1) and rapid adsorption rate for Au(III). V-PPOP-Br also had an effective Au(III) recovery capability from SIM cards. Mechanism investigation confirmed that this remarkable adsorption performance was attributed to the interplay of ion exchange, redox reactions and coordination. Moreover, V-PPOP-Br had excellent recyclability and could maintain an ultrahigh adsorption efficiency of 81% after eight consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments. These excellent performances as well as the roughly calculated gold recycling economics ($37.37/g V-PPOP-Br) confirmed that it possesses promising potential as an ionic porous material for gold recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Dongfang Middle School, Yanzhou District, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271016, China
| | - Rui Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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7
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Ding R, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Song C, Zhang X. Highly Efficient and Selective Gold Recovery Based on Hypercross-Linking and Polyamine-Functionalized Porous Organic Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11803-11812. [PMID: 35201753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous increase of electronic products, there is an urgent need to effectively recover gold from e-waste and other secondary resources other than the original mine. Here, hypercross-linking and polyamine-functionalized porous organic polymers (Pc-POSS-POP) were designed and facially synthesized based on multiple azo-coupling polymerizations between 2,9,16,23-tetraaminophthalocyanine (H2Pc(NH2)4) and octa(aminophenyl)-t8-silsesquioxane (OAPS) for the first time. The reaction requires no metal as a catalyst, thereby benefiting the purification of the product and the industrial scalability. Pc-POSS-POPs possess a hypercross-linking structure, highly conjugated frameworks, nitrogen-rich active sites, and extensively visible and near-infrared light absorption, which was utilized as an absorbent to retrieve Au (III). The results demonstrated that Pc-POSS-POPs have a high adsorption capacity (862.07 mg g-1) and a rapid adsorption rate toward gold recycling. The maximum adsorption capacity could reach up to 1026.87 mg g-1 as in the case of light irradiation. Due to the strong N coordination sites and the electronic interaction between the -NH4+ groups of Pc-POSS-POPs and AuCl4-, Pc-POSS-POPs also exhibited excellent selectivity toward gold over several coordinated metals [Cr (VI), Co (II), Cd (II), Ni (II), and Hg (II)]. These properties together with the good regenerative ability and superior recyclability demonstrated that Pc-POSS-POPs possess promising potential as hypercross-linking polymers for capturing and recycling of Au (III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Dongfang Middle School, Yanzhou District, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yancheng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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8
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Santamarina SC, Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN. Antimicrobial Photosensitizing Material Based on Conjugated Zn(II) Porphyrins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:91. [PMID: 35052968 PMCID: PMC8773278 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a considerable increase in the resistance of microorganisms to these agents. Consequently, it is imminent to establish new strategies to combat pathogens. An alternative involves the development of photoactive polymers that represent an interesting strategy to kill microbes and maintain aseptic surfaces. In this sense, a conjugated polymer (PZnTEP) based on Zn(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-[4-(ethynyl)phenyl]porphyrin (ZnTEP) was obtained by the homocoupling reaction of terminal alkyne groups. PZnTEP exhibits a microporous structure with high surface areas allowing better interaction with bacteria. The UV-visible absorption spectra show the Soret and Q bands of PZnTEP red-shifted by about 18 nm compared to those of the monomer. Also, the conjugate presents the two red emission bands, characteristic of porphyrins. This polymer was able to produce singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anion in the presence of NADH. Photocytotoxic activity sensitized by PZnTEP was investigated in bacterial suspensions. No viable Staphylococcus aureus cells were detected using 0.5 µM PZnTEP and 15 min irradiation. Under these conditions, complete photoinactivation of Escherichia coli was observed in the presence of 100 mM KI. Likewise, no survival was detected for E. coli incubated with 1.0 µM PZnTEP after 30 min irradiation. Furthermore, polylactic acid surfaces coated with PZnTEP were able to kill efficiently these bacteria. This surface can be reused for at least three photoinactivation cycles. Therefore, this conjugated photodynamic polymer is an interesting antimicrobial photoactive material for designing and developing self-sterilizing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía C Santamarina
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
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9
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Zhu Y, Xu P, Zhang X, Wu D. Emerging porous organic polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1377-1414. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in porous organic polymers for diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biomacromolecule immobilization, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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10
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Engineering of cerium oxide loaded chitosan/polycaprolactone hydrogels for wound healing management in model of cardiovascular surgery. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Hussain MW, Bhardwaj V, Giri A, Chande A, Patra A. Multifunctional ionic porous frameworks for CO 2 conversion and combating microbes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7910-7920. [PMID: 34123075 PMCID: PMC8163429 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) with a heteroatom rich ionic backbone have emerged as advanced materials for catalysis, molecular separation, and antimicrobial applications. The loading of metal ions further enhances Lewis acidity, augmenting the activity associated with such frameworks. Metal-loaded ionic POFs, however, often suffer from physicochemical instability, thereby limiting their scope for diverse applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of triaminoguanidinium-based ionic POFs through Schiff base condensation in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The resultant N-rich ionic frameworks facilitate selective CO2 uptake and afford high metal (Zn(ii): 47.2%) loading capacity. Owing to the ionic guanidinium core and ZnO infused mesoporous frameworks, Zn/POFs showed pronounced catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic organic carbonates under solvent-free conditions with high catalyst recyclability. The synergistic effect of infused ZnO and cationic triaminoguanidinium frameworks in Zn/POFs led to robust antibacterial (Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative, Escherichia coli) and antiviral activity targeting HIV-1 and VSV-G enveloped lentiviral particles. We thus present triaminoguanidinium-based POFs and Zn/POFs as a new class of multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Waseem Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Vipin Bhardwaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Arkaprabha Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
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12
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Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a unique class of materials that combine extended π-conjugation with a permanently microporous skeleton. Since their discovery in 2007, CMPs have become established as an important subclass of porous materials. A wide range of synthetic building blocks and network-forming reactions offers an enormous variety of CMPs with different properties and structures. This has allowed CMPs to be developed for gas adsorption and separations, chemical adsorption and encapsulation, heterogeneous catalysis, photoredox catalysis, light emittance, sensing, energy storage, biological applications, and solar fuels production. Here we review the progress of CMP research since its beginnings and offer an outlook for where these materials might be headed in the future. We also compare the prospect for CMPs against the growing range of conjugated crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, United Kingdom
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13
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Haug WK, Moscarello EM, Wolfson ER, McGrier PL. The luminescent and photophysical properties of covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:839-864. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the luminescent and unique photophysical properties of covalent organic frameworks. Their potential use in applications related to chemical sensing, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Karl Haug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | | | - Eric R. Wolfson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Psaras L. McGrier
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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