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Thangavel B, Venkatachalam G, Shin JH. Emerging Trends of Bilirubin Oxidases at the Bioelectrochemical Interface: Paving the Way for Self-Powered Electrochemical Devices and Biosensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1381-1399. [PMID: 38437181 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidases (BODs) [EC 1.3.3.5 - bilirubin: oxygen oxido-reductase] are enzymes that belong to the multicopper oxidase family and can oxidize bilirubin, diphenols, and aryl amines and reduce the oxygen by direct four-electron transfer from the electrode with almost no electrochemical overpotential. Therefore, BOD is a promising bioelectrocatalyst for (self-powered) biosensors and/or enzymatic fuel cells. The advantages of electrochemically active BOD enzymes include selective biosensing, biocatalysis for efficient energy conversion, and electrosynthesis. Owing to the rise in publications and patents, as well as the expanding interest in BODs for a range of physiological conditions, this Review analyzes scientific literature reports on BOD enzymes and current hypotheses on their bioelectrocatalysis. This Review evaluates the specific research outcomes of the BOD in enzyme (protein) engineering, immobilization strategies, and challenges along with their bioelectrochemical properties, limitations, and applications in the fields of (i) biosensors, (ii) self-powered biosensors, and (iii) biofuel cells for powering bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Thangavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Venkatachalam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Zhang YQ, Kim HH, Kim CJ. Separate immobilization of glucose oxidase and trehalase, and optimization of enzyme-carbon nanotube layers for the anode of enzymatic fuel cells utilizing trehalose. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis using redox enzymes appears as a sustainable way for biosensing, electricity production, or biosynthesis of fine products. Despite advances in the knowledge of parameters that drive the efficiency of enzymatic electrocatalysis, the weak stability of bioelectrodes prevents large scale development of bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, starting from the understanding of the parameters that drive protein instability, we will discuss the main strategies available to improve all enzyme stability, including use of chemicals, protein engineering and immobilization. Considering in a second step the additional requirements for use of redox enzymes, we will evaluate how far these general strategies can be applied to bioelectrocatalysis.
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Tang J, Yan X, Huang W, Engelbrekt C, Duus JØ, Ulstrup J, Xiao X, Zhang J. Bilirubin oxidase oriented on novel type three-dimensional biocathodes with reduced graphene aggregation for biocathode. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112500. [PMID: 32829175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) due to π-π stacking is a recurrent problem in graphene-based electrochemistry, decreasing the effective working area and therefore the performance of the RGO electrodes. Dispersing RGO on three-dimensional (3D) carbon paper electrodes is one strategy towards overcoming this challenge, with partial relief aggregation. In this report, we describe the grafting of negatively charged 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) onto a graphene functionalized carbon paper electrode surface. 4-ABA functionalization induces separation of the RGO layers, at the same time leading to favorable orientation of the blue multi-copper enzyme Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOD) for direct electron transfer (DET) in the dioxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at neutral pH. Simultaneous electroreduction of graphene oxide to RGO and covalent attachment of 4-ABA are achieved by applying alternating cathodic and anodic electrochemical potential pulses, leading to a high catalytic current density (Δjcat:193 ± 4 μA cm-2) under static conditions. Electrochemically grafted 4-ABA not only leads to a favorable orientation of BOD as validated by fitting a kinetic model to the electrocatalytic data, but also acts to alleviate RGO aggregation as disclosed by scanning electron microscopy, most likely due to the electrostatic repulsion between 4-ABA-grafted graphene layers. With a half-lifetime of 55 h, the bioelectrode also shows the highest operational stability for DET-type MvBOD-based bioelectrodes reported to date. The bioelectrode was finally shown to work well as a biocathode of a membrane-less glucose/O2 enzymatic biofuel cell with a maximum power density of 22 μW cm-2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.51 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Øllgaard Duus
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark; Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Str., 68, 420015, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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Dharmaratne AC, Moulton JT, Niroula J, Walgama C, Mazumder S, Mohanty S, Krishnan S. Pyrenyl Carbon Nanotubes for Covalent Bilirubin Oxidase Biocathode Design: Should the Nanotubes be Carboxylated? ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asantha C. Dharmaratne
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
| | - James T. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
| | - Jinesh Niroula
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
| | - Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 United States
| | - Suman Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
| | - Sadagopan Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 United States
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Gentil S, Rousselot-Pailley P, Sancho F, Robert V, Mekmouche Y, Guallar V, Tron T, Le Goff A. Efficiency of Site-Specific Clicked Laccase-Carbon Nanotubes Biocathodes towards O 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2020; 26:4798-4804. [PMID: 31999372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A maximization of a direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and electrodes can be obtained through the oriented immobilization of enzymes onto an electroactive surface. Here, a strategy for obtaining carbon nanotube (CNTs) based electrodes covalently modified with perfectly control-oriented fungal laccases is presented. Modelizations of the laccase-CNT interaction and of electron conduction pathways serve as a guide in choosing grafting positions. Homogeneous populations of alkyne-modified laccases are obtained through the reductive amination of a unique surface-accessible lysine residue selectively engineered near either one or the other of the two copper centers in enzyme variants. Immobilization of the site-specific alkynated enzymes is achieved by copper-catalyzed click reaction on azido-modified CNTs. A highly efficient reduction of O2 at low overpotential and catalytic current densities over -3 mA cm-2 are obtained by minimizing the distance from the electrode surface to the trinuclear cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Gentil
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, BIG-LCBM, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ferran Sancho
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviane Robert
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmina Mekmouche
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Tron
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Alan Le Goff
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Walker A, Walgama C, Nerimetla R, Habib Alavi S, Echeverria E, Harimkar SP, McIlroy DN, Krishnan S. Roughened graphite biointerfaced with P450 liver microsomes: Surface and electrochemical characterizations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110790. [PMID: 32028130 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost, voltage-driven biocatalytic designs for rapid drug metabolism assay, chemical toxicity screening, and pollutant biosensing represent considerable significance for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental applications. In this study, we have designed biointerfaces of human liver microsomes with various roughened, high-purity graphite disk electrodes to study electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. Successful spectral and microscopic characterizations, direct bioelectronic communication, direct electron-transfer rates from the electrode to liver microsomal enzymes, microsomal heme-enzyme specific oxygen reduction currents, and voltage-driven diclofenac hydroxylation (chosen as the probe reaction) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Rajasekhara Nerimetla
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - S Habib Alavi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Elena Echeverria
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Sandip P Harimkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - David N McIlroy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Sadagopan Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States.
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Bellare M, Kadambar VK, Bollella P, Katz E, Melman A. Molecular Release Associated with Interfacial pH Change Stimulated by a Small Electrical Potential Applied. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bellare
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | | | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Artem Melman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699 USA
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Bollella P, Lee I, Blaauw D, Katz E. A Microelectronic Sensor Device Powered by a Small Implantable Biofuel Cell. Chemphyschem 2019; 21:120-128. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699–5810 USA
| | - Inhee Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - David Blaauw
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceClarkson University Potsdam NY 13699–5810 USA
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