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Antonova EV, Shimalina NS, Korotkova AM, Kolosovskaya EV, Gerasimova SV, Khlestkina EK. Germination and Growth Characteristics of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1169. [PMID: 38732384 PMCID: PMC11085773 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare genes NUD (HvNUD) and WIN1 (HvWIN1) play a regulatory role in cuticle organization. Because the cuticle is a key evolutionary acquisition of plants for protection against environmental factors, a knockout (KO) of each gene may alter their ability to adapt to unfavorable conditions. A potential pleiotropic effect of HvNUD or HvWIN1 gene mutations can be assessed under salt stress. Initial developmental stages are the most sensitive in living organisms; therefore, we evaluated salt tolerance of nud KO and win1 KO barley lines at the seedling stage. Air-dried barley grains of the KO lines and of a wild-type (WT) line were germinated in NaCl solutions (50, 100, or 150 mM). Over 30 physiological and morphological parameters of seedlings were assessed. Potential pleiotropic effects of the HvNUD gene KO under salt stress included the stimulation of root growth (which was lower under control conditions) and root necrosis. The pleiotropic effects of the HvWIN1 gene KO under the stressful conditions manifested themselves as maintenance of longer root length as compared to the other lines; stable variation of most of morphological parameters; lack of correlation between root lengths before and after exposure to NaCl solutions, as well as between shoot lengths; and the appearance of twins. Salt tolerance of the analyzed barley lines could be ranked as follows: nud KO > win1 KO ≈ WT, where nud KO lines were the most salt-tolerant. A comparison of effects of salinity and ionizing radiation on nud KO and win1 KO barley lines indicated differences in tolerance of the lines to these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Shimalina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Anna M Korotkova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Kolosovskaya
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sophia V Gerasimova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Molina R, López-Santos C, Balestrasse K, Gómez-Ramírez A, Sauló J. Enhancing Essential Oil Extraction from Lavandin Grosso Flowers via Plasma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2383. [PMID: 38397059 PMCID: PMC10889515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of plasma treatment on Lavandin Grosso flowers and its influence on the extraction of essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. Short plasma treatment times enhance the yield of EO extraction from 3.19% in untreated samples to 3.44%, corresponding to 1 min of plasma treatment, while longer treatment times (10 min) show diminishing returns to 3.07% of yield extraction. Chemical characterization (GC/MS and ATR-FTIR) indicates that plasma treatments do not significantly alter the chemical composition of the extracted EOs, preserving their aromatic qualities. Investigations into plasma-surface interactions reveal changes at the nanometer level, with XPS confirming alterations in the surface chemistry of Lavandin Grosso flowers by reducing surface carbon and increasing oxygen content, ultimately resulting in an increased presence of hydrophilic groups. The presence of hydrophilic groups enhances the interaction between the surface membrane of the glandular trichomes on Lavandin Grosso flowers and water vapor, consequently increasing the extraction of EOs. Furthermore, microscopic SEM examinations demonstrate that plasma treatments do not affect the morphology of glandular trichomes, emphasizing that surface modifications primarily occur at the nanoscale. This study underscores the potential of plasma technology as a tool to enhance EO yields from botanical sources while maintaining their chemical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Molina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Santos
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Group, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (A.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karina Balestrasse
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Ana Gómez-Ramírez
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Group, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (A.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jordi Sauló
- Laboratory of Dioxins, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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