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Alam S, Sim S, Li MQ, Chang BJ, Lee J. Recent Progress in Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells: Photoabsorbent Materials and Design Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 38675304 PMCID: PMC11051828 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing energy demands of the global community can be met with solar energy. Solution-processed organic solar cells have seen great progress in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have made enormous progress in recent years and have been considered one of the most promising solar cell technologies for applications in building-integrated windows, agricultural greenhouses, and wearable energy resources. Therefore, through the synergistic efforts of transparent electrodes, engineering in near-infrared photoabsorbent materials, and device engineering, high-performance ST-OSCs have developed, and PCE and average visible transmittance reach over 10% and 40%, respectively. In this review, we present the recent progress in photoabsorbent material engineering and strategies for enhancing the performance of ST-OSCs to help researchers gain a better understanding of structure-property-performance relationships. To conclude, new design concepts in material engineering and outlook are proposed to facilitate the further development of high-performance ST-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabaz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Suhui Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Meng Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Bong-Jun Chang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
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2
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wen L, Wan L, Song C, Xin J, Liang Q. Solution Sequential Deposition Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction: An Efficient Strategy for State-of-Art Organic Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301803. [PMID: 38386309 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered as a promising new generation of clean energy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has been widely employed in the active layer of efficient OSCs. However, precise regulation of morphology in BHJ is still challenging due to the competitive coupling between crystallization and phase separation. Recently, a novel pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure, prepared through solution sequential deposition, has attracted much attention. It is an easy-to-prepare structure in which the phase separation structures, interfaces, and molecular packing can be separately controlled. Employing PPHJ structure, the properties of OSCs, such as power conversion efficiency, stability, transparency, flexibility, and so on, are usually better than its BHJ counterpart. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the film-forming process, morphology control, and device performance of PPHJ structure should be considered. In terms of the representative works about PPHJ, this review first introduces the fabrication process of active layers based on PPHJ structure. Second, the widely applied morphology control methods in PPHJ structure are summarized. Then, the influences of PPHJ structure on device performance and other property are reviewed, which largely expand its application. Finally, a brief prospect and development tendency of PPHJ devices are discussed with the consideration of their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Liangquan Wen
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Longjing Wan
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Xin
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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Kong W, Wang J, Hu Y, Cui N, Yan C, Cai X, Cheng P. P-type Polymers in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307622. [PMID: 37395558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
P-type polymers are polymeric semiconducting materials that conduct holes and have extensive applications in optoelectronics such as organic photovoltaics. Taking the advantage of intrinsic discontinuous light absorption of organic semiconductors, semitransparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs) present compelling opportunities in various potential applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, automobiles, and wearable electronics. The characteristics of p-type polymers, including optical, electronic, and morphological properties, determine the performance of STOPVs, and the requirements for p-type polymers differ between opaque organic photovoltaics and STOPVs. Hence, in this Minireview, recent advances of p-type polymers used in STOPVs are systematically summarized, with emphasis on the effects of chemical structures, conformation structures, and aggregation structures of p-type polymers on the performance of STOPVs. Furthermore, new design concepts and guidelines are also proposed for p-type polymers to facilitate the future development of high-performance STOPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Kong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yingyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ningbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xufu Cai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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4
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Oh J, Kim JH, Kim YR, Armin A, Lee S, Park K, Kang H, Lee K. Photopically Transparent Organic Solar Cells with Tungsten Oxide-Based Multilayer Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42802-42810. [PMID: 37652403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The tailoring of the average photopic transmittance (APT) of transparent organic solar cells (T-OSCs) has been the greatest challenge in building-integrated photovoltaic applications for future smart solar windows to regulate indoor brightness, maintain a human circadian rhythm, and positively impact human emotions by allowing the observation of the external environment. However, a notorious trade-off exists between the APT and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of T-OSCs, mainly due to the absence of highly conductive and transparent top electrodes, which are a key building block determining the PCE and APT. Herein, we demonstrate a new tungsten oxide (WO3)-based multilayer as a highly conductive and transparent top electrode that provides an excellent APT while maintaining a high PCE in T-OSCs. With the assistance of optical simulation based on a transfer matrix method to calculate the optimum thicknesses of the multilayer electrodes, we achieve the best-performing T-OSC with a PCE of 7.0% and a full device APT of 46.7%, resulting in a high light utilization efficiency of 3.27%, which is superior to that of T-OSCs based on the same photoactive system. Furthermore, superior thermal stability at 85 °C in an N2 atmosphere is observed in WO3-based T-OSCs, maintaining 98% of the initial PCE after about 231 h. Our findings provide new insights into the development of T-OSCs with high efficiency and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryun Kim
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP ,U.K
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP ,U.K
| | - Sanseong Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang C, Song A, Huang Q, Cao Y, Zhong Z, Liang Y, Zhang K, Liu C, Huang F, Cao Y. All-Polymer Solar Cells and Photodetectors with Improved Stability Enabled by Terpolymers Containing Antioxidant Side Chains. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:140. [PMID: 37247165 PMCID: PMC10226943 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is of vital importance to improve the long-term and photostability of organic photovoltaics, including organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs), for their ultimate industrialization. Herein, two series of terpolymers featuring with an antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-terminated side chain, PTzBI-EHp-BTBHTx and N2200-BTBHTx (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), are designed and synthesized. It was found that incorporating appropriate ratio of benzothiadiazole (BT) with BHT side chains on the conjugated backbone would induce negligible effect on the molecular weight, absorption spectra and energy levels of polymers, however, which would obviously enhance the photostability of these polymers. Consequently, all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) and photodetectors were fabricated, and the all-PSC based on PTzBI-EHp-BTBHT0.05: N2200 realized an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching ~ 10%, outperforming the device based on pristine PTzBI-EHp: N2200. Impressively, the all-PSCs based on BHT-featuring terpolymers displayed alleviated PCEs degradation under continuous irradiation for 300 h due to the improved morphological and photostability of active layers. The OPDs based on BHT-featuring terpolymers achieved a lower dark current at - 0.1 bias, which could be stabilized even after irradiation over 400 h. This study provides a feasible approach to develop terpolymers with antioxidant efficacy for improving the lifetime of OSCs and OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Song
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiri Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuiyi Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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6
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Lowrie W, Westbrook RJE, Guo J, Gonev HI, Marin-Beloqui J, Clarke TM. Organic photovoltaics: The current challenges. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:110901. [PMID: 36948814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics are remarkably close to reaching a landmark power conversion efficiency of 20%. Given the current urgent concerns regarding climate change, research into renewable energy solutions is crucially important. In this perspective article, we highlight several key aspects of organic photovoltaics, ranging from fundamental understanding to implementation, that need to be addressed to ensure the success of this promising technology. We cover the intriguing ability of some acceptors to undergo efficient charge photogeneration in the absence of an energetic driving force and the effects of the resulting state hybridization. We explore one of the primary loss mechanisms of organic photovoltaics-non-radiative voltage losses-and the influence of the energy gap law. Triplet states are becoming increasingly relevant owing to their presence in even the most efficient non-fullerene blends, and we assess their role as both a loss mechanism and a potential strategy to enhance efficiency. Finally, two ways in which the implementation of organic photovoltaics can be simplified are addressed. The standard bulk heterojunction architecture could be superseded by either single material photovoltaics or sequentially deposited heterojunctions, and the attributes of both are considered. While several important challenges still lie ahead for organic photovoltaics, their future is, indeed, bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lowrie
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J E Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hristo Ivov Gonev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Marin-Beloqui
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Malaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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7
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Unfused-ring Acceptors with Dithienobenzotriazole Core for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Interface Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183835. [PMID: 36145979 PMCID: PMC9505650 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are organic solar cells in which both the electron donor and the acceptor are polymers and are considered more promising in large-scale production. Thanks to the polymerizing small molecule acceptor strategy, the power conversion efficiency of all-PSCs has ushered in a leap in recent years. However, due to the electrical properties of polymerized small-molecule acceptors (PSMAs), the FF of the devices is generally not high. The typical electron transport material widely used in these devices is PNDIT-F3N, and it is a common strategy to improve the device fill factor (FF) through interface engineering. This work improves the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells through interfacial layer engineering. Using PDINN as the electron transport layer, we boost the FF of the devices from 69.21% to 72.05% and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 15.47% to 16.41%. This is the highest efficiency for a PY-IT-based binary all-polymer solar cell. This improvement is demonstrated in different all-polymer material systems.
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Sequential Processing Enables 17% All-Polymer Solar Cells via Non-Halogen Organic Solvent. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175739. [PMID: 36080502 PMCID: PMC9458225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (All-PSCs), whose electron donor and acceptors are both polymeric materials, have attracted great research attention in the past few years. However, most all-PSC devices with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from chloroform. In this work, we apply the sequential processing (SqP) method to fabricate All-PSCs from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, toluene, and obtain efficiencies up to 17.0%. By conducting a series of characterizations on our films and devices, we demonstrate that the preparation of SqP devices using toluene can effectively reduce carrier recombination, enhance carrier mobility and promote the fill factor of the device.
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Jee MH, Ryu HS, Lee D, Lee W, Woo HY. Recent Advances in Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Using a Solution Process. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201876. [PMID: 35794317 PMCID: PMC9443470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their favorable p-i-n vertical phase separation, efficient charge transport/extraction, and potential for lab-to-fab large-scale production, achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 18%. This review first summarizes recent studies on various approaches to obtain ideal vertical D/A phase separation in nonfullerene acceptor (NFAs)-based LbL OSCs by proper solvent selection, processing additives, protecting solvent treatment, ternary blends, etc. Additionally, the longer exciton diffusion length of NFAs compared with fullerene derivatives, which provides a new scope for further improvement in the performance of LbL OSCs, is been discussed. Large-area device/module production by LbL techniques and device stability issues, including thermal and mechanical stability, are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for further progress toward their eventual commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hun Jee
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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11
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Guo S, Hu Y, Qin M, Li J, Wang Y, Qin J, Cheng P. Toward high-performance organic photovoltaics: the new cooperation of sequential solution-processing and promising non-fullerene acceptors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2097-2108. [PMID: 35670540 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have long been a hot topic due to their light weight, low cost, and flexibility. Simple blend-based OPVs have sufficient donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces and high exciton dissociation efficiency, which result in certified high power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 18%. However, the difficult morphology control and poor device stability limit further progress toward higher PCE and future application. Sequential solution-processing with tunable vertical phase distribution, D/A interfaces, and charge transportation pathways not only benefit device stability but can also overcome the up-scaling challenge. In recent years, the development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has been very rapid, which is attributed to their tunable energy levels, bandgaps, planarity, and crystallinity. In this minireview, the opportunities for the cooperation of sequential solution-processing and NFAs are revealed based on their characteristics, such as diverse molecular shapes, abundant functional groups and heteroatoms, and various aggregation states for NFAs; independent active layer processing, controllable D/A interfaces, and excellent device stability for sequential solution-processing. Few but important existing examples are discussed to display the prospects of sequential solution-processed fullerene-free OPVs toward high PCE, good device stability, high semitransparency, and large-area industrial manufacture. Finally, some possible research directions are predicted and the main issues that need to be overcome are proposed for sequential solution-processed fullerene-free OPVs toward higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yingyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghan Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqiang Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
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12
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Li Y, Wu J, Tang H, Yi X, Liu Z, Yang Q, Fu Y, Liu J, Xie Z. Non-Halogenated Solvents and Layer-by-Layer Blade-Coated Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Cascade Acceptor Adjusting Morphology and Crystallization to Reduce Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31054-31065. [PMID: 35763722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of halogenated solvent spin-coated organic solar cells (OSCs) has been boosted to a high level (>18%) by developing efficient photovoltaic materials and precise morphological control. However, the PCE of OSCs prepared from non-halogenated solvents and with a scalable printing process is far behind, limited by tough morphology manipulation. Herein, we have fabricated ternary OSCs by using layer-by-layer (LBL) blade-coating and a non-halogenated solvent. The ternary OSCs based on the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer are processed with the hydrocarbon solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with no need of any additives and post-treatment. The vertical donor/acceptor distribution is optimized by LBL blade-coating within the PM6:IT-M(1:0.2)/BTP-eC9 active layer. The cascade acceptor IT-M blended in PM6 not only attenuates the damage of BTP-eC9 to the PM6 crystallization, leading to a dense nanofiber-like morphology, but also prefers to reside between PM6 and BTP-eC9 to form a cascade energy level alignment for a fast charge-transfer process. Finally, the improved morphology and crystallization lead to a reduced molecular recombination, low energy loss, and high open-circuit voltage. The prepared non-halogenated solvent and LBL blade-coated OSCs achieve a PCE of 17.16%. The work provides an approach to fabricate hydrocarbon solvent-processed high-performance OSCs by employing LBL blade-coating and a ternary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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13
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Zhao C, Huang H, Wang L, Zhang G, Lu G, Yu H, Lu G, Han Y, Qiu M, Li S, Zhang G. Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Sequentially Processed Active Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102058. [PMID: 35631941 PMCID: PMC9144747 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply the sequential processing (SqP) method to address the relatively low electron mobility in recent all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on the polymerized small-molecule acceptor (PSMA). Compared to the blend-casting (BC) method, all-PSCs composed of PM6/PY-IT via the SqP method show boosted electron mobility and a more balanced charge carrier transport, which increases the FF of the SqP device and compensates for the short-circuit current loss, rendering comparable overall performance with the BC device. Through film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy, we analyze the sub-layer absorption and exciton generation rate in the vertical direction of the device, and discuss the effect of the increased electron mobility on device performance, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhao
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Hui Huang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (G.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (G.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yulai Han
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingxia Qiu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Shunpu Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (C.Z.); (H.H.); (L.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.Q.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Tang Y, Zheng H, Zhou X, Tang Z, Ma W, Yan H. Molecular Doping Increases the Semitransparent Photovoltaic Performance of Dilute Bulk Heterojunction Film with Discontinuous Polymer Donor Networks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101570. [PMID: 35138038 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The semitransparent and colorful properties of organic solar cells (OSCs) attract intensive academic interests due to their potential application in building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics, and so forth. The most straightforward and effective method to tune these optical properties is varying the componential ratio in the blend film. However, the increase in device transmittance inevitably sacrifices the photovoltaic performance because of severe carrier recombination that originates from discontinuous charge-transport networks in the blend film. Herein, a strategy is proposed via the molecular-doping strategy to overcome these shortcomings. It is discovered that p-doping is able to release the trapped holes in segregated polymer domains leading to short-circuit current enhancement, while n-doping is more effective to fill the bandgap states producing a higher fill factor. More importantly, either type of doping improves the photovoltaic performance in the semitransparent photovoltaic devices. These discoveries provide a new pathway to breaking the compromise between the photovoltaic performance and optical transmittance in semitransparent OSCs, and hold promise for their future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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15
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Xu W, Ma X, Son JH, Jeong SY, Niu L, Xu C, Zhang S, Zhou Z, Gao J, Woo HY, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang F. Smart Ternary Strategy in Promoting the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells Based on Bulk-Heterojunction or Layer-By-Layer Structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104215. [PMID: 34841671 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the rapid development of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, it is still a great challenge to explore efficient ways for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs from materials and device engineering. Ternary strategy has been confirmed as an efficient way to improve PCE of PSCs by employing three kinds of materials. In this work, one polymer donor PM6, and two non-fullerene materials N3 and MF1 are selected to prepare ternary PSCs with layer-by-layer (LbL) or bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure. The LbL and BHJ-PSCs exhibit PCEs of 16.75% and 16.76% with 15 wt% MF1 content in acceptors, corresponding to over 5% or 4% PCE improvement compared with N3-based binary PSCs with LbL or BHJ structure. The PCE improvement is mainly attributed to the fill factor enhancement from 73.29% to 76.95% for LbL-PSCs or from 74.13% to 77.51% for BHJ-PSCs by employing the ternary strategy. This work indicates that ternary strategy has great potential in preparing highly efficient LbL-PSCs via simultaneously optimizing molecular arrangement and the thickness of each layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jae Hoon Son
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianbin Niu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhengji Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, and School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1st Jinji Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong Province, 271021, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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16
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Li S, Zhang H, Yue S, Yu X, Zhou H. Recent advances in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics enabled by green solvent processing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:072002. [PMID: 34822343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) as a new energy device has attracted much attention due to its huge potential in future commercial manufacturing. However, so far, most of the studies on high-performance OPV have been treated with halogenated solvents. Halogenated solvents not only pollute the environment, but are also harmful to human health, which will negatively affect the large-scale production of OPV in the future. Therefore, it is urgent to develop low-toxic or non-toxic non-halogen solvent-processable OPV. Compared with conventional fullerene OPVs, non-fullerene OPVs exist with stronger absorption, better-matched energy levels and lower energy loss. Processing photoactive layers with non-fullerenes as the acceptor material has broad potential advantages in non-halogenated solvents. This review introduces the research progress of non-fullerene OPV treated by three different kinds of green solvents as the non-halogenated and aromatic solvent, the non-halogenated and non-aromatic solvent, alcohol and water. Furthermore, the effects of different optimization strategies on the photoelectric performance and stability of non-fullerene OPV are analyzed in detail. The current optimization strategy can increase the power conversion efficiency of non-fullerene OPV processed with non-halogen solvents up to 17.33%, which is close to the performance of processing with halogen-containing solvents. Finally, the commercial potential of non-halogen solvent processing OPVs is discussed. The green solvent processing of non-fullerene-based OPVs will become a key development direction for the future of the OPV industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
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17
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Hu Y, Yang Z, Yang C, Yuan Z, Chen Y. Layer-by-Layer Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Perylene Diimides as Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29876-29884. [PMID: 34152121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LBL) sequential solution processing of the active layer has been proven as an effective strategy to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), which could adjust vertical phase separation and improve device performance. Although perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are typical acceptors with excellent photoelectric properties, there are few studies on PDI-based LBL OSCs. Herein, three PDI acceptors (TBDPDI-C5, TBDPDI-C11, and SdiPDI) were used to fabricate LBL and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, respectively. A series of studies including device optimization, photoluminescence (PL) quenching, dependence of light intensity, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and depth analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DXPS) were carried out to make clear the difference of the PDI-based LBL and BHJ OSCs. The results show that LBL OSCs possess better charge transport, higher and more balanced carrier mobility, less exciton recombination loss, more favorable film morphology, and proper vertical component distribution. Therefore, all the three PDI acceptor-based LBL OSCs exhibit higher performance than their BHJ counterparts. Among them, TBDPDI-C5 performs best with a power conversion efficiency of 6.11% for LBL OSCs, higher than its BHJ OSC (5.14%). It is the first time for PDI small molecular acceptors to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs by using an LBL solution-processed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Youdi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
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18
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Cattin L, Louarn G, Morsli M, Bernède JC. Semi-Transparent Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric Top Electrode: Influence of the Metal on Their Performances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:393. [PMID: 33557016 PMCID: PMC7913718 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to grow semi-transparent organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), multilayer dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) structures are used as a transparent top electrode in inverted OPVs. Two different electrodes are probed, MoO3/Ag/MoO3 and MoO3/Ag/Cu:Ag/ZnS. Both of them exhibit high transmission in visible and small sheet resistance. Semi-transparent inverted OPVs using these electrodes as the top anode are probed. The active organic layers consist in the SubPc/C60 couple. The dependence of the OPV performances on the top electrode was investigated. The results show that far better results are achieved when the top anode MoO3/Ag/MoO3 is used. The OPV efficiency obtained was only 20% smaller in comparison with the opaque OPV, but with a transparency of nearly 50% in a broad range of the visible light (400-600 nm). In the case of MoO3/Ag/Cu:Ag/ZnS top anode, the small efficiency obtained is due to the presence of some Cu diffusion in the MoO3 layer, which degrades the contact anode/organic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cattin
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6502, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Guy Louarn
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6502, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Mustapha Morsli
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Jean Christian Bernède
- MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS, UMR 6200, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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19
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Chang B, Cheng HW, Lin YC, Wang HC, Chen CH, Nguyen VT, Yang Y, Wei KH. Incorporating Indium Selenide Nanosheets into a Polymer/Small Molecule Binary Blend Active Layer Enhances the Long-Term Stability and Performance of Its Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55023-55032. [PMID: 33238703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrated that the incorporation of 15 wt % two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide materials indium selenide (In2Se3) nanosheets into a polymer (PM6)/small molecule (Y6) active layer not only increased its light absorption but also enhanced the long-term stability of the PM6/Y6/In2Se3 ternary blend organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device was improved from 15.7 to 16.5% for the corresponding PM6/Y6 binary blend device. Moreover, the PM6/Y6/In2Se3 device retained 80% of its initial PCE after thermal treatment at 100 °C for 600 h; in comparison, the binary blend device retained only 62% of its initial value. This relative enhancement of 29% resulted from the In2Se3 nanosheets retarding or facilitating molecule packing in different orientations that stabilizes the morphology of the active layer. We adopted a modified kinetics model to account for the intrinsic degradation of the OPV; the degradation-facilitated energy for the degradation kinetics of the PCE for the ternary blend device was 5.3 kJ/mol, half of that (11.3 kJ/mol) of the binary blend device, indicating a slower degradation rate occurring for the case of incorporating In2Se3 nanosheets. Therefore, the incorporation of transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets having tunable band gaps and large asymmetric shape appears to be a new way to improve the long-term stability of devices and realize the practical use of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Van-Truong Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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