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Hong W, Guo X, Zhang T, Mu S, Wu F, Yan Z, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang A, Wang J, Cao Y, Li J, Dong H, Liu T, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Nickel Microparticles/Carbon Black Microspheres/Polydimethylsiloxane Conductive Composites for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38870327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a dual-functional flexible sensor (DFFS) using a magnetic conductive polymer composed of nickel (Ni), carbon black (CB), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The material selection for the DFFS utilizes the excellent elasticity of the PDMS matrix and the synergistic interaction between Ni and CB. The DFFS has a wide strain range of 0-170%, a high sensitivity of 74.13 (140-170%), and a low detection limit of 0.3% strain. The DFFS based on superior performance can accurately detect microstrain/microvibration, oncoming/contacting objects, and bicycle riding speed. Additionally, the DFFS can be used for comprehensive monitoring of human movements. Therefore, the DFFS of this work shows significant value for implementation in intelligent wearable devices and noncontact intelligent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Shaowen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zihao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hongyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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Fu Y, Wang S, Wang D, Tian Y, Ban X, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wan Z, Wei R. Flexible Multimodal Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Foam with Stimulus Discriminability for Soft Electronics Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38598680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible foam-based sensors have attracted substantial interest due to their high specific surface area, light weight, superior deformability, and ease of manufacture. However, it is still a challenge to integrate multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, high sensitivity, reliable stability, and good biocompatibility into a single foam sensor. To achieve this, a magnetoresistive foam sensor was fabricated by an in situ freezing-polymerization strategy based on the interpenetrating networks of sodium alginate, poly(vinyl alcohol) in conjunction with glycerol, and physical reinforcement of core-shell bidisperse magnetic particles. The assembled sensor exhibited preferable magnetic/strain-sensing capability (GF ≈ 0.41 T-1 for magnetic field, 4.305 for tension, -0.735 for bending, and -1.345 for pressing), quick response time, and reliable durability up to 6000 cycles under external stimuli. Importantly, a machine learning algorithm was developed to identify the encryption information, enabling high recognition accuracies of 99.22% and 99.34%. Moreover, they could be employed as health systems to detect human physiological motion and integrated as smart sensor arrays to perceive external pressure/magnetic field distributions. This work provides a simple and ecofriendly strategy to fabricate biocompatible foam-based multimodal sensors with potential applications in next-generation soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuangkun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Ban
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Nichterwitz M, Hiekel K, Wolf D, Eychmüller A, Leistner K. Voltage-Controlled ON-OFF-Switching of Magnetoresistance in FeO x/Fe/Au Aerogel Networks. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:55-64. [PMID: 38221921 PMCID: PMC10786128 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Voltage control of magnetoresistance (MR) in nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) geometries is interesting from a fundamental point of view and a promising route toward novel sensors and energy-efficient computing schemes. Magneto-ionic mechanisms are favorable for low-voltage control of magnetism and room-temperature operation, but magneto-ionic control of MR has been studied only for planar geometries so far. We synthesize a 3D nanomaterial with magneto-ionic functionality by electrodepositing an iron hydroxide/iron coating on a porous nanoscale gold network (aerogel). To enable maximum magneto-ionic ON-OFF-switching, the thickness of the coating is adjusted to a few nanometers by a self-terminating electrodeposition process. In situ magnetotransport measurements during electrolytic gating of these nanostructures reveal large reversible changes in MR, including ON-OFF-switching of MR, with a small applied voltage difference (1.72 V). This effect is related to the electrochemical switching between a ferromagnetic iron shell/gold core nanostructure (negative MR at the reduction voltage) and an iron oxide shell/gold core nanostructure (negligible MR at the oxidation voltage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nichterwitz
- Electrochemical
Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Strasse der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Karl Hiekel
- Physical
Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | | | - Karin Leistner
- Electrochemical
Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Strasse der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
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Choi SB, Shin HS, Kim JW. Convolution Neural Networks for Motion Detection with Electrospun Reversibly-Cross-linkable Polymers and Encapsulated Ag Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47591-47603. [PMID: 37782487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and implementation of a novel composite film, a polybutadiene-based urethane (PBU)/AgNW/PBU sensor (PAPS), demonstrating remarkable mechanical stability and precision in motion detection. The sensor capitalizes on the integration of Ag nanowire (AgNW) electrodes into a neutral plane, embedded within a reversibly cross-linkable PBU polymer. The meticulous arrangement confers pore-free and interfaceless sensor formation, resulting in an enhanced mechanical robustness, reproducibility, and long-term reliability. The PBU polymer is subjected to an electrospinning process, followed by sequential Diels-Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions to produce a planarized encapsulation layer. This pioneering technology, based on electrospinning, allows for more flawless engineering of the neutral plane as compared to conventional film lamination or layer-by-layer spin-coating processes. This encapsulation, matching the thickness of the preformed PBU film, effectively houses the AgNW electrodes. The PAPS outperforms conventional AgNW/PBU sensors (APS) in terms of mechanical stability and bending insensitivity. When affixed to various body parts, the PAPS generates distinctive signal curves, reflecting the specific body part and degree of motion involved. The PAPS sensor's utility is further magnified by the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for signal interpretation. K-means clustering algorithm authenticated the superior reproducibility and consistency of the signals derived from the PAPS over the APS. Deep learning algorithms, including a singular 1D convolutional neural network (1D CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and dual-layered combinations of 1D CNN + LSTM and LSTM + 1D CNN, were deployed for signal classification. The singular 1D CNN model displayed a classification accuracy exceeding 98%. The PAPS sensor signifies a pivotal development in the field of intelligent motion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Shin
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Zhu S, Li Y, Yelemulati H, Deng X, Li Y, Wang J, Li X, Li G, Gkoupidenis P, Tai Y. An artificial remote tactile device with 3D depth-of-field sensation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5314. [PMID: 36288316 PMCID: PMC9604525 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible tactile neuromorphic devices are becoming important as the impetus for the development of human-machine collaboration. However, accomplishing and further transcending human intelligence with artificial intelligence still confront many barriers. Here, we present a self-powered stretchable three-dimensional remote tactile device (3D-RTD) that performs the depth-of-field (DOF) sensation of external mechanical motions through a conductive-dielectric heterogeneous structure. The device can build a logic relationship precisely between DOF motions of an external active object and sensory potential signals of bipolar sign, frequency, amplitude, etc. The sensory mechanism is revealed on the basis of the electrostatic theory and multiphysics modeling, and the performance is verified via an artificial-biological hybrid system with micro/macroscale interaction. The feasibility of the 3D-RTD as an obstacle-avoidance patch for the blind is systematically demonstrated with a rat. This work paves the way for multimodal neuromorphic device that transcends the function of a biological one toward a new modality for brain-like intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huoerhute Yelemulati
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinping Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paschalis Gkoupidenis
- Molecular Electronics Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yanlong Tai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the SIAT Branch, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, SIAT, CAS, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Ding H, Wu Z, Wang H, Zhou Z, Wei Y, Tao K, Xie X, Wu J. An ultrastretchable, high-performance, and crosstalk-free proximity and pressure bimodal sensor based on ionic hydrogel fibers for human-machine interfaces. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1935-1946. [PMID: 35535758 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The traditional human-machine interaction mode of communicating solely with pressure sensors needs modification, especially at a time when COVID-19 is circulating globally. Here, a transparent, stretchable, resilient, and high-performance hydrogel fiber-based bimodal sensor is fabricated by using a polyacrylamide-alginate double network hydrogel, which features high sensitivity (3.17% cm-1), wide working range (18 cm), fast response/recovery speeds (90/90 ms) and good stability in proximity sensing, and impressive pressure sensing performance, including high sensitivity (0.91 kPa-1), short response/recovery time (40/40 ms), low detection limit (63 Pa) and good linearity. Moreover, the response switch between proximity/pressure modes is measured and non-interfering dual-mode detection is achieved. Notably, the stretchable bimodal sensor is capable of working under 100% tensile strain without degrading the sensing performance. Specifically, the proximity sensor shows good immunity to the strain, while the pressure sensitivity is even promoted. Furthermore, the sensor is tough enough to work normally after punctures from a knife and strikes from a wrench. Notably, the sensor can be used for gesture recognition and subtle pressure detection, such as small water droplets (10 mg), wrist pulse, etc. A 3 × 3 array is further shown for accurate spatial sensing and location identification, verifying the feasibility of its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Sayegh MA, Daraghma H, Mekid S, Bashmal S. Review of Recent Bio-Inspired Design and Manufacturing of Whisker Tactile Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2705. [PMID: 35408319 PMCID: PMC9003453 DOI: 10.3390/s22072705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whisker sensors are a class of tactile sensors that have recently attracted attention. Inspired by mammals' whiskers known as mystacial vibrissae, they have displayed tremendous potential in a variety of applications e.g., robotics, underwater vehicles, minimally invasive surgeries, and leak detection. This paper provides a supplement to the recent tactile sensing techniques' designs of whiskers that only sense at their base, as well as the materials employed, and manufacturing techniques. The article delves into the technical specifications of these sensors, such as the resolution, measurement range, sensitivity, durability, and recovery time, which determine their performance. The sensors' sensitivity varies depending on the measured physical quantity; for example, the pressure sensors had an intermediate sensitivity of 58%/Pa and a response time of around 90 ms, whereas the force sensors that function based on piezoelectric effects exhibited good linearity in the measurements with a resolution of 3 µN and sensitivity of 0.1682 mV/µN. Some sensors were used to perform spatial mapping and the identification of the geometry and roughness of objects with a reported resolution of 25 nm. The durability and recovery time showed a wide range of values, with the maximum durability being 10,000 cycles and the shortest recovery time being 5 ms. Furthermore, the paper examines the fabrication of whiskers at the micro- and nanoscales, as well as their contributions to mechanical and thermal behavior. The commonly used manufacturing techniques of 3D printing, PDMS casting, and screen printing were used in addition to several micro and nanofabrication techniques such as photolithography, etching, and chemical vapor deposition. Lastly, the paper discusses the main potential applications of these sensors and potential research gaps in this field. In particular, the operation of whisker sensors under high temperatures or high pressure requires further investigation, as does the design of sensors to explore larger topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ammar Sayegh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Hammam Daraghma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Samir Mekid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bashmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Liu H, Song X, Wang X, Wang S, Yao N, Li X, Fang W, Tong L, Zhang L. Optical Microfibers for Sensing Proximity and Contact in Human-Machine Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14447-14454. [PMID: 35290012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of proximity-contact events is essential for human-machine interactions, intelligent robots, and healthcare monitoring. We report a dual-modal sensor made with two functionalized optical microfibers (MFs), which is inspired by the somatosensory system of human skin. The integrated sensor with a hierarchical structure gradationally detects finger approaching and touching by measuring the relative humidity (RH) and force-triggered light intensity variations. Specifically, the RH sensory part shows enhanced evanescent absorption, achieving a sensitive RH measurement with a fast response (110 ms), a high resolution (0.11%RH), and a wide working range (10-100%RH). Enabled by the transition from guided modes into radiation modes of the waveguiding MF, the force sensory part exhibits a high sensitivity (6.2%/kPa) and a fast response (up to 1.5 kHz). By using a real-time data processing unit, the proximity-contact sensor (PCS) achieves continuous detection of the full-contact events, including finger approaching, contacting, pressing, releasing, and leaving. As a proof of concept, the electromagnetic-interference-free PCS enables a smart switch system to recognize the proximity and contact of bare/gloved fingers. Moreover, skin humidity detection and respiration monitoring are realized. These initial results pave the way toward a category of optical collaborative devices ranging from human-machine interfaces to multifunctional on-skin healthcare sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xingda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Tencent Robotics X Lab, Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Zhang M, Gao X, Lu C, Yao D, Wu L, Li D, Fang H, A S, Sun Y. Ultrathin Superhydrophobic Flexible Tactile Sensors for Normal and Shear Force Discrimination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55735-55746. [PMID: 34761892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors, with the ability to sense and even discriminate between different mechanical stimuli, can enable real-time and precise monitoring of dexterous and complex robotic motions. However, making them ultrathin and superhydrophobic for practical applications is still a great challenge. Here, superhydrophobic flexible tactile sensors with hierarchical micro- and nanostructures, that is, warped graphene nanosheets adhered to micron-height wrinkled surfaces, were constructed using ultrathin medical tape (40 μm) and graphene. The tactile sensor enables the discrimination of normal and shear forces and senses sliding friction and airflow. Moreover, the tactile sensor exhibits high sensitivity to normal and shear forces, extremely low detection limits (15 Pa for normal forces and 6.4 mN for shear forces), and cyclic robustness. Based on the abovementioned characteristics, the tactile sensor enables real-time and accurate monitoring of the robotic arm's motions, such as moving, gripping, and lifting, during the process of picking up objects. The superhydrophobicity even allows the sensor to monitor the motions of the robotic arm underwater in real time. Our tactile sensors have potential applications in the fields of intelligent robotics and smart prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Xiping Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Dahu Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, National United Engineer Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei A
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
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10
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Norhaniza R, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Sedlacik M, Aziz SAA, Nazmi N, Homma K, Rambat S. Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051660. [PMID: 33670872 PMCID: PMC7957724 DOI: 10.3390/s21051660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa/mT, 0.021 µN/mT, and 0.0096 Pa/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizuan Norhaniza
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (R.N.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (R.N.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.)
- International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan; (K.H.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (U.U.); Tel.: +603-26154960 (S.A.M.); Tel.: +62-85733527552 (U.U.)
| | - Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.A.M.); (U.U.); Tel.: +603-26154960 (S.A.M.); Tel.: +62-85733527552 (U.U.)
| | - Michal Sedlacik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (R.N.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (R.N.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Koji Homma
- International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan; (K.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Shuib Rambat
- International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan; (K.H.); (S.R.)
- Disaster Preparedness & Prevention Centre (DPPC), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
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11
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Yao J, Qiang W, Wei H, Xu Y, Wang B, Zheng Y, Wang X, Miao Z, Wang L, Wang S, Yang X. Ultrathin and Robust Micro-Nano Composite Coating for Implantable Pressure Sensor Encapsulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23129-23139. [PMID: 32954163 PMCID: PMC7495720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable pressure sensors enable more accurate disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring. Their widescale usage is dependent on a reliable encapsulation to protect them from corrosion of body fluids, yet not increasing their sizes or impairing their sensing functions during their lifespans. To realize the above requirements, an ultrathin, flexible, waterproof while robust micro-nano composite coating for encapsulation of an implantable pressure sensor is designed. The composite coating is composed of a nanolayer of silane-coupled molecules and a microlayer of parylene polymers. The mechanism and principle of the composite encapsulation coating with high adhesion are elucidated. Experimental results show that the error of the sensors after encapsulation is less than 2 mmHg, after working continuously for equivalently over 434 days in a simulated body fluid environment. The effects of the coating thickness on the waterproof time and the error of the sensor are also studied. The encapsulated sensor is implanted in an isolated porcine eye and a living rabbit eye, exhibiting excellent performances. Therefore, the micro-nano composite encapsulation coating would have an appealing application in micro-nano-device protections, especially for implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjiang Qiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yushuang Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zequn Miao
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xing Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
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12
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Syntheses of Silver Nanowires Ink and Printable Flexible Transparent Conductive Film: A Review. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, flexible transparent conductive film (FTCF) is one of the important components of many flexible electronic devices. Due to comprehensive performances on optoelectronics, FTCF based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks have received great attention and are expected to be a new generation of transparent conductive film materials. Due to its simple process, printed electronic technology is now an important technology for the rapid production of low-cost and high-quality flexible electronic devices. AgNWs-based FTCF fabricated by using printed electronic technology is considered to be the most promising process. Here, the preparation and performance of AgNW ink are introduced. The current printing technologies are described, including gravure printing, screen printing and inkjet printing. In addition, the latest methods to improve the conductivity, adhesion, and stability of AgNWs-based FTCF are introduced. Finally, the applications of AgNWs-based FTCF in solar cells, transparent film heaters, optoelectronic devices, touch panel, and sensors are introduced in detail. Therefore, combining various printing technologies with AgNWs ink may provide more opportunities for the development of flexible electronic devices in the future.
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13
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Wang Y, Deng J, Duan J, Zhang B. Conical Microstructure Flexible High-Sensitivity Sensing Unit Adopting Chemical Corrosion. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4613. [PMID: 32824445 PMCID: PMC7472029 DOI: 10.3390/s20164613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensor technology is one of the three pillars of information technology. This paper aims to discuss the problems of insensitive detection, poor stability, and uncomfortable wearing of sensors in the fields of human-computer interaction, 5G communication, and medical detection. A sensing unit with a microstructured flexible sensing front end is a cone-like structure with a single size of 18-22 μm. They are evenly distributed and can reach 2500 units per square millimeter. In the pressure range, the sensitivity of the sensor unit is 0.6 KPa-1 (no microstructure sensitivity at 0.15 KPa-1), and the response time is fast (<600 ms). After 400 repeated stretching experiments, the sensor unit can still maintain a stable output signal. Due to its flexible characteristics (50% tensile conductivity), the sensor unit can act on human skin and other curved surfaces. According to the prepared sensing unit, good test results can be obtained on the testing of mechanical devices, curved surfaces of human bodies, and non-contact methods. It is observed that the flexible sensor can be applied to various test occasions, and the manufacturing process of the sensing unit will provide new ideas and methods for the preparation of the flexible sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, North University of China, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030051, China; (Y.W.); (J.D.); (J.D.)
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jiangyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, North University of China, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030051, China; (Y.W.); (J.D.); (J.D.)
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, North University of China, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030051, China; (Y.W.); (J.D.); (J.D.)
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, North University of China, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030051, China; (Y.W.); (J.D.); (J.D.)
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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