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Wang J, Su Y, Li YJ, Li HW, Guo JX, Sun QQ, Hu HY, Liu YF, Jia XB, Jian ZC, Kong LY, Liu HX, Li JY, Chu H, Dou SX, Xiao Y. Nickel Nanoparticles Protruding from Molybdenum Carbide Micropillars with Carbon Layer-Protected Biphasic 0D/1D Heterostructures for Efficient Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2330-2340. [PMID: 38165730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
It remains a tremendous challenge to achieve high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for hydrogen production by water splitting. Herein, a novel hybrid of 0D nickel nanoparticles dispersed on the one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum carbide micropillars embedded in the carbon layers (Ni/Mo2C@C) was successfully prepared on nickel foam by a facile pyrolysis strategy. During the synthesis process, the nickel nanoparticles and molybdenum carbide were simultaneously generated under H2 and C2H2 mixed atmospheres and conformally encapsulated in the carbon layers. Benefiting from the distinctive 0D/1D heterostructure and the synergistic effect of the biphasic Mo2C and Ni together with the protective effect of the carbon layer, the reduced activation energy barriers and fast catalytic reaction kinetics can be achieved, resulting in a small overpotential of 96 mV for the HER and 266 mV for the OER at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 together with excellent durability in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, using the developed Ni/Mo2C@C as both the cathode and anode, the constructed electrolyzer exhibits a small voltage of 1.55 V for the overall water splitting. The novel designed Ni/Mo2C@C may give inspiration for the development of efficient bifunctional catalysts with low-cost transition metal elements for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Su
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jun-Xu Guo
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qing-Qun Sun
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi-Feng Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin-Bei Jia
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhuang-Chun Jian
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Han-Xiao Liu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jia-Yang Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haibin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-lon Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Xia W, Ma M, Guo X, Cheng D, Wu D, Cao D. Fabricating Ru Atom-Doped Novel FeP 4/Fe 2PO 5 Heterogeneous Interface for Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44827-44838. [PMID: 37713509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with low-content noble metals and high activity and stability is crucial for water splitting. Herein, we reported a novel Ru doped FeP4/Fe2PO5 heterogeneous interface catalyst (Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by heat treatment coupling electrodeposition strategy. Experiments disclosed that Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5 proclaimed excellent catalytic activity for the OER (249 mV@100 mA cm-2) and HER (49 mV@10 mA cm-2) in a 1 M KOH environment. More importantly, the mass activity and turnover frequency of Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5 were 117 and 108 times higher than that of commercial RuO2 at an overpotential of 300 mV during the OER, respectively. In addition, the assembled Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5 || Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5 system could retain superior durability in a two-electrode system for 134 h at 300 mA cm-2. Further mechanism studies revealed that Ru atoms in Ru@FeP4/Fe2PO5 act in a key role for the excellent activity during water splitting because the electronic structure of Ru sites could be optimized by the interaction between Ru and Fe atoms at the interface to strengthen the adsorption of reaction intermediates. Besides, the introduction of Ru atoms could also enhance the charge transfer, which effectually accelerates the reaction kinetics. The strategy of anchoring Ru atom on novel heterostructure provides a promising path to boost the overall activity of electrocatalysts for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Su K, Chen X, Li J, Wang B, Luo Z, Qian D, Li J, Liu J. A Hybrid of the Fe 4N-Fe Heterojunction Supported on N-Doped Carbon Nanobelts and Ketjen Black Carbon as a Robust High-Performance Electrocatalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11118-11127. [PMID: 36441953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an extremely simple l-alanine-assisted pyrolysis method was proposed for the construction of a novel hierarchically porous hybrid of Fe4N-Fe supported on N-doped carbon nanobelts and Ketjen black carbon (denoted as Fe4N-Fe@N-C/N-KB). It has been found that the participation of l-alanine in pyrolysis can dramatically increase the total pyridinic-N/graphitic-N content in Fe4N-Fe@N-C/N-KB, which is peculiarly conducive to the enhancement of ORR performance. The in-site formation of the Fe4N-Fe heterojunction via the thermal reduction and decomposition of Fe3N as well as the introduction of cheap KB can significantly improve the ORR performance. As a result, the activity, durability, and methanol tolerance of this hybrid are comprehensively better than those of commercial 20 wt % Pt/C, promising future applications in practical devices. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the highly improved ORR activity of Fe4N-Fe@N-C/N-KB also benefits from the favorable electron penetration and excellent electronic conductivity between the Fe4N nanoparticles and the N-incorporated carbon frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kanda Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiangxiong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziyu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dong Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Transition Metal Nitrides for Electrocatalytic Application: Progress and Rational Design. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152660. [PMID: 35957091 PMCID: PMC9370505 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The energy crisis and environmental issues are becoming more severe due to the long-term consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, novel energy-conversion devices with high energy density and environmental friendliness are expected to provide reliable alternatives to traditional fossil-based energy systems. However, because of the inevitable use of costly precious metals as the electrode catalysts for such devices, their popularization is seriously hindered. Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) exhibit similar surface and adsorption properties to noble metals because the atomic distance between metal atoms increases and the d-band center of metal atoms downshifts after nitrogen atoms enter the metal lattice. TMNs have become one of the best electrode materials to replace noble metal-based electrocatalysts in next-generation energy-storage and energy-conversion devices. In this review, the recent developments in the electrocatalytic application of TMNs are covered. First, we discuss the structure and activity origin of TMNs and introduce the common synthesis methods for the preparation of TMNs. Subsequently, we illustrate the applications of mono-metallic TMNs and multi-metallic TMNs in oxygen-reduction reaction, oxygen-evolution reaction, and bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Finally, we summarize the challenges of TMNs encountered at the present stage, and expect their future development.
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Wang P, Wang B. Designing Self-Supported Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting: Surface/Interface Engineering toward Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59593-59617. [PMID: 34878246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting is regarded as the most attractive technique to store renewable electricity in the form of hydrogen fuel. However, the corresponding anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remain challenging, which exhibit complex reactions and sluggish kinetic behaviors at the triple-phase interface. Material surface and interface engineering provide a feasible approach to improve catalytic activity. Besides, self-supported electrocatalysts have been proven to be highly efficient toward water splitting, because of the regulated catalyst/substrate interface. In this Review, the state-of-the-art achievements in self-supported electrocatalyst for HER/OER have demonstrated the feasibility of surface and interface engineering strategies to boost performance. The six key effective surface/interface engineering approaches for rational catalysts design are systematically reviewed, including defect engineering, morphology engineering, crystallographic tailoring, heterostructure design, catalyst/substrate interface engineering, and catalyst/electrolyte interface regulation. Finally, the challenges and opportunities on the valuable directions are proposed to inspire future investigation of highly active and durable HER/OER electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peican Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuang-Qing Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuang-Qing Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Du Y, Tang H, Zhang D, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Yang W, Li Z, Tang Y, Liu C. Boosting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution: Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Hierarchical Nanoneedle/Microflower Arrays of Ce xCo 3-xO 4 with Oxygen Vacancies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42843-42851. [PMID: 34482694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction has become the bottleneck of electrochemical water splitting for its sluggish kinetics. Developing high-efficiency and low-cost non-noble-metal oxide electrocatalysts is crucial but challenging for industrial application. Herein, superhydrophilic/superaerophobic hierarchical nanoneedle/microflower arrays of Ce-substituted Co3O4 (CexCo3-xO4) in situ grown on the nickel foam are successfully constructed. The hierarchical architecture and superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface can be facilely regulated by controlling the introduction of Ce into Co3O4. The unique feature of hierarchical architecture and superhydrophilic/superaerophobic interface is in favor of electrolyte penetration and bubbles release. In addition, the presence of oxygen vacancy and Ce endows the catalyst with enhanced intrinsic activity. Benefiting from these advantages, the optimized Ce0.12Co2.88O4 catalyst shows a superior electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an overpotential of 282 mV at 20 mA cm-2, and a Tafel slope of 81.4 mV dec-1. The turnover frequency of 0.0279 s-1 for Ce0.12Co2.88O4 is 9.3 times larger than that for Co3O4 at an overpotential of 350 mV. Moreover, the optimized Ce0.12Co2.88O4 catalyst shows a robust long-term stability in alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weijian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziru Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Gao M, Wang Z, Sun S, Jiang D, Chen M. Interfacial engineering of CeO 2 on NiCoP nanoarrays for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195704. [PMID: 33508817 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe0e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphides (TMP)-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts constructed by interface engineering strategy have a broad prospect due to their low cost and good performance. Herein, a novel CeO2/NiCoP nanoarray with intimate phosphide (NiCoP)-oxide (CeO2) interface was developed via in situ generation on nickel foam (NF). This structure is conducive to increasing active sites and accelerating charge transfer, and may be conducive to regulating electronic structure and adsorption energy. As expected, optimal 1.4-CeO2/NiCoP/NF delivers a low overpotential of 249 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 77.2 mV dec-1. CeO2/NiCoP/NF boasts one of the best OER catalytic materials among recently reported phosphides (TMP)-based OER catalysts and composite catalysts involving CeO2. This work provides an effective strategy for the construction of hetero-structure with CeO2 with oxygen vacancies to improve the OER performance of phosphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Li J, Jin X, Li Y, Qian Q, Wang Y, El-Harairy A, Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Cheng M, Zeng S, Zhang G. Vanadium Substitution Steering Reaction Kinetics Acceleration for Ni 3N Nanosheets Endows Exceptionally Energy-Saving Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Hydrazine Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3881-3890. [PMID: 33464037 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Designing highly active transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for energy-saving electrochemical hydrogen evolution coupled with hydrazine oxidation possesses more economic prospects. However, the lack of bifunctional electrocatalysts and the absence of intrinsic structure-property relationship research consisting of adsorption configurations and dehydrogenation behavior of N2H4 molecules still hinder the development. Now, a V-doped Ni3N nanosheet self-supported on Ni foam (V-Ni3N NS) is reported, which presents excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance toward both hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The resultant V-Ni3N NS achieves an ultralow working potential of 2 mV and a small overpotential of 70 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline solution for HzOR and HER, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the vanadium substitution could effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ni3N, therefore facilitating the adsorption/desorption behavior of H* for HER, as well as boosting the dehydrogenation kinetics for HzOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qizhu Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ahmed El-Harairy
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huaikun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingyu Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Suyuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Genqiang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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