1
|
da Silva MM, Proença MP, Covas JA, Paiva MC. Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Carbon Nanotube Composites. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:748. [PMID: 38930718 PMCID: PMC11205355 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades, researchers have been exploring the potential benefits of combining shape-memory polymers (SMP) with carbon nanotubes (CNT). By incorporating CNT as reinforcement in SMP, they have aimed to enhance the mechanical properties and improve shape fixity. However, the remarkable intrinsic properties of CNT have also opened up new paths for actuation mechanisms, including electro- and photo-thermal responses. This opens up possibilities for developing soft actuators that could lead to technological advancements in areas such as tissue engineering and soft robotics. SMP/CNT composites offer numerous advantages, including fast actuation, remote control, performance in challenging environments, complex shape deformations, and multifunctionality. This review provides an in-depth overview of the research conducted over the past few years on the production of SMP/CNT composites with both thermoset and thermoplastic matrices, with a focus on the unique contributions of CNT to the nanocomposite's response to external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martins da Silva
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Mariana Paiva Proença
- ISOM and Departamento de Electrónica Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ava. Complutense 30, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José António Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Maria C. Paiva
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui X, Miao C, Lu S, Liu X, Yang Y, Sun J. Strain Sensors Made of MXene, CNTs, and TPU/PSF Asymmetric Structure Films with Large Tensile Recovery and Applied in Human Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59655-59670. [PMID: 38085975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Designing flexible wearable sensors with a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and high stability is a vulnerable research direction with a futuristic field to study. In this paper, Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polysulfone (PSF) composite films with excellent sensor performance were obtained by self-assembly of conductive fillers in TPU/PSF porous films with an asymmetric structure through vacuum filtration, and the porous films were prepared by the phase inversion method. The composite films consist of the upper part with finger-like "cavities" filled by MXene/CNTs, which reduces the microcracks in the conductive network during the tensile process, and the lower part has smaller apertures of a relatively dense resin cortex assisting the recovery process. The exclusive layer structure of the MXene/CNTs/TPU/PSF film sensor, with a thickness of 46.95 μm, contains 0.0339 mg/cm2 single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and 0.348 mg/cm2 MXene only, providing functional range (0-80.7%), high sensitivity (up to 1265.18), and excellent stability and durability (stable sensing under 2300 fatigue tests, viable to the initial resistance), endurably cycled under large strains with serious damage to the conductive network. Finally, the MXene/CNTs/TPU/PSF film sensor is usable for monitoring pulse, swallow, tiptoe, and various joint bends in real time and distributing effective electrical signals. This paper implies that the MXene/CNTs/TPU/PSF film sensor has broad prospects in pragmatic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Chengjing Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Shaowei Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Xingmin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Jingchao Sun
- School of Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alipour S, Pourjavadi A, Hosseini SH. Magnetite embedded κ-carrageenan-based double network nanocomposite hydrogel with two-way shape memory properties for flexible electronics and magnetic actuators. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120610. [PMID: 36925232 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels attract increasing attention as flexible strain sensors due to their shape recovery property that can improve the lifetime of the sensor. Herein, we have designed a magnetic shape memory hydrogel based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles, carrageenan, and poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) with self-adhesive and conductive properties. The resulting double network hydrogel showed promising actuator and strain sensor applications. Electrical conductivity was observed in this hydrogel without using additional ions. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and temporary shape fixity ratio to around 6.5 MPa and 94.3 %, respectively. The excellent cantilever and catheter-like behavior of the hydrogels were illustrated through magnetic routing by an external magnet. Also, these hydrogels demonstrated suitable performance in the 500 cycles strain sensing tests before and after their initial shape recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Alipour
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai Y, Qi K, Ou K, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Song H, He J, Wang H, Wang R. Ag NW-Embedded Coaxial Nanofiber-Coated Yarns with High Stretchability and Sensitivity for Wearable Multi-Sensing Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11244-11258. [PMID: 36791272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging intelligent piezoresistive yarn/textile-based sensors are of paramount importance for skin-interface electronics, owing to their unparalleled features including softness, breathability, and easy integration with functional devices. However, employing a facile way to fabricate 1D sensing yarns with mechanical robustness, multi-functional integration, and comfortability is still demanded for satisfying the practical applications. Herein, a facile one-step synchronous conjugated electrospinning and electrospraying technique is innovatively employed to continuously construct an Ag NW-embedded polyurethane (PU) nanofiber sensing yarn (AENSY) with hierarchical architecture. This 1D AENSY with weavability and stretchability can be woven into AENSY textile-based sensors integrated with functions of strain and pressure sensing. In this embedded multi-scale architecture, Ag NWs are evenly embedded and locked in the oriented and twisted PU nanofiber (PUNF) scaffold, forming the hierarchical mechanical sensing layer on the surface of the AENSY with favorable stability. Meanwhile, the presence of the elastic PUNFs enhances porosity, elasticity, and considerable deformation space, which in turn endow the AENSY textile-based sensor with a gauge factor (GF) up to 1010, a pressure sensitivity up to 16.7 N-1, high stretchability up to 160%, and high stability under long-term cycles. In addition, the AENSY textile-based sensor exhibits light weight and the unique advantage of skin-friendliness with the human body, which can be directly and conformally attached to the curved human skin to monitor the various human movements. Furthermore, the weavable AENSYs can be integrated into smart textiles with sensing arrays, which are capable for spatial pressure and strain mapping. Thus, the continuous one-step developing process and the stable embedded-twisted fiber structure provide a promising strategy to develop innovative smart yarns and textiles for personalized healthcare and human-machine interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Dai
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qi
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Ou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yutang Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yuman Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Song
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin He
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongwu Wang
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao C, Yue H, Huang M, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C, Jiang L. Thermal/Near-Infrared Light Dual-Responsive Reconfigurable and Recyclable Polythiourethane/CNT Composite with Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Toughness. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 44:e2200806. [PMID: 36444920 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Thermoset polymers cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds are recyclable and reconfigurable based on solid-state plasticity, resulting in less waste and environmental pollution. However, most thermoset polymers previously reported show thermal-responsive solid-state plasticity, depending much on external conditions and not allowing for local shape modulation. Here, the isocyanate modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NCO) are introduced into the polythiourethane (PCTU) network with multiple dynamic covalent bonds by in situ polymerization to prepare the composite with thermal/light dual-responsive solid-state plasticity, reconfigurability, and recyclability. The introduction of CNTs-NCO simultaneously strengthens and toughens the PCTU composite. Moreover, based on the photothermal properties and light-responsive solid-state plasticity, the PCTU/CNTs composite or bilayer sample could achieve complex permanent shape by locally precise shape regulation without affecting other parts. This work provides a simple and reliable method for preparing high-performance polymer composite with light-responsive solid-state plasticity, which may be applied in the fields of sensing and flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- High &New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim J, Choi C. Elastomeric Core/Conductive Sheath Fibers for Tensile and Torsional Strain Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8934. [PMID: 36433531 PMCID: PMC9693023 DOI: 10.3390/s22228934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Motion sensing, aimed at detecting and monitoring mechanical deformation, has received significant attention in various industrial and research fields. In particular, fiber-structured mechanical strain sensors with carbon-based materials have emerged as promising alternatives for wearable applications owing to their wearability and adaptability to the human body. Various materials, structures, sensing mechanisms, and fabrication methods have been used to fabricate high-performance fiber strain sensors. Nevertheless, developing multi-modal strain sensors that can monitor multiple deformations remains to be accomplished. This study established core/sheath fiber multi-modal strain sensors using polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Specifically, a flexible and conductive CNT sheet was wrapped onto the elastomeric core fiber at a certain angle. This wrapping angle allowed the CNTs to mechanically deform under tensile and torsional deformations without fatal structural damage. The CNTs could sense both tensile and torsional strains through reversible structural changes during deformations. The fiber strain sensor exhibited an increase of 124.9% and 9.6% in the resistance during tensile and torsional deformations of 100% and 1250 rad/m, respectively.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Xiao W, Luo X, Wang L, Gao J. Flexible and hydrophobic nanofiber composites with self-enhanced interfacial adhesion for high performance strain sensing and body motion detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Ultra-high molecular weight pullulan-based material with high deformability and shape-memory properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Conductive fibers for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:343-364. [PMID: 36311045 PMCID: PMC9588989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity has been stated as a key factor in regulating cell activity and tissue function in electroactive tissues. Thus, various biomedical electronic constructs have been developed to interfere with cell behaviors to promote tissue regeneration, or to interface with cells or tissue/organ surfaces to acquire physiological status via electrical signals. Benefiting from the outstanding advantages of flexibility, structural diversity, customizable mechanical properties, and tunable distribution of conductive components, conductive fibers are able to avoid the damage-inducing mechanical mismatch between the construct and the biological environment, in return to ensure stable functioning of such constructs during physiological deformation. Herein, this review starts by presenting current fabrication technologies of conductive fibers including wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning and 3D printing as well as surface modification on fibers and fiber assemblies. To provide an update on the biomedical applications of conductive fibers and fiber assemblies, we further elaborate conductive fibrous constructs utilized in tissue engineering and regeneration, implantable healthcare bioelectronics, and wearable healthcare bioelectronics. To conclude, current challenges and future perspectives of biomedical electronic constructs built by conductive fibers are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Qu M, Fang J, Mu C, Li Y, Huang S, Han L, Hiemer S, Xu W, Qin Y. A novel study on the sandwich‐structure strain sensor using ethylene‐vinyl acetate‐based hot‐melt adhesive mesh web: Fabrication, properties, and modeling. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muchao Qu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Fang
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Chenzhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojuan Huang
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Hiemer
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Institute of Materials Simulation, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Fürth Germany
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Qin
- Center for Engineering Materials and Reliability Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Shen L, Si P, Xie M, Jin X, Dong Y, Lin W. A composite material based on nano‐metal‐organic framework MIL‐53(Fe) for adsorbing dyes from water. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Li
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University materials science and engineering Baiyang Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310018 hangzhou CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenxin Lin
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University materials engineering 928No.2 StreetXiasha High Education Park 310018 Hangzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Superhydrophobic conductive rubber band with synergistic dual conductive layer for wide-range sensitive strain sensor. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1669-1678. [PMID: 36546046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronic devices have received increasing interests because of their excellent flexibility, stretchability, and human friendliness. As the core components, flexible strain sensors integrated with wide working range, high sensitivity, and environment stability, especially in moisture or corrosive environments, remain a huge challenge. Herein, synergistic carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) dual conductive layer decorated elastic rubber band (RB) was successfully developed and treated with hydrophobic fumed silica (Hf-SiO2) for preparing superhydrophobic strain sensor. As expected, stable entangled CNTs layer and ultrasensitive microcracked rGO layer endow the sensor with extremely low detection limit (0.1%), high sensitivity (gauge factor is 685.3 at 482% strain), wide workable strain range (0-482%), fast response/recovery (200 ms/200 ms) and favorable reliability and reproducibility over 1000 cycles. Besides, the constructed Hf-SiO2 coating also makes the sensor exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning property, and corrosion-resistance. As a proof of concept, our prepared high-performance strain sensor can realize the full-range monitoring of human motions and physiological signals even in the water environment, including pulse, vocalization, joint bending, running, and gesture recognition. Interestingly, it can also be knitted into a tactile electronic textile for spatial pressure distribution measurement. Thus, this study provides a universal technique for the preparation of high-performance strain sensors with great potential applications in the field of next-generation intelligent wearable electronics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei W, Liu J, Huang J, Cao F, Qian K, Yao Y, Li W. Recent advances and perspectives of shape memory polymer fibers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Development of Cotton Fabrics via EVA/SiO2/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Prepared by γ-Irradiation for Waterproof and Fire Retardant Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDevelopment of cotton fabric (CF) properties using nanocomposites via coating method was of considerable interest for wide applications. This article aims at developing CF properties by coating treatment using ethylene–vinyl-acetate (EVA), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and γ-irradiation widely used in waterproof and flame retardant applications. EVA-based nanocomposites, EVA/SiO2, EVA/Al2O3, and EVA/SiO2/Al2O3, were synthesized by γ-irradiation and the highest gel content of 81.2–95.3% was achieved at 30 kGy. The physicochemical properties of EVA-based nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DSC and SEM techniques. Usage of irradiated EVA and EVA-based nanocomposites for treatment of CF by coating technique was successfully achieved. This technique provides a simple and versatile method leading to excellent uniform and smooth surface morphology without aggregation. The weight gain, mechanical properties, thermal properties, water vapor permeability and flame-retardant properties of the modified CF were evaluated. Moreover, compared with control CF, the resistivity of water absorptivity and hydrophobic property and the thermal stability were gained. The flame retardant properties of CF samples were performed using limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning flame tests. LOI percentages of CF/EVA/SiO2, CF/EVA/Al2O3 and CF/EVA/SiO2/Al2O3 increased to 25.3, 27.5, and 29.3%, respectively. Untreated CF ignited and burned rapidly after 5 s. Meanwhile, the treated CF hold flame resistance properties and the burning time prolonged to 25 s. The results of the treated CF providing revealed hydrophobic and protective capability of the fabrics from being destroyed by burning, and support their further use in waterproof and flame retardant applications of fabrics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Strong and Tough TPU Fibers with Orientedly Aligned CNTs Reinforced by Amorphous ZrO2. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Xiao J, Xiong Y, Chen J, Zhao S, Chen S, Xu B, Sheng B. Ultrasensitive and highly stretchable fibers with dual conductive microstructural sheaths for human motion and micro vibration sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1962-1970. [PMID: 35060589 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conductive and stretchable fibers are important components of the increasingly popular wearable electronic devices as they meet the design requirements of excellent electrical conductivity, stretchability, and wearability. In this work, we developed a novel dual conductive-sheath fiber (DCSF) with a conductive sheath composed of a porous elastic conductive layer and cracked metal networks, thus achieving ultrahigh sensitivity under a large strain range. The core of the DCSF is made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastic fiber wrapped in a porous stretchable conductive layer composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and TPU. Next, a layer of gold film is deposited on the surface of the porous stretchable conductive layer by ion beam sputtering. Due to the fast response time of 184 ms and ultrahigh sensitivity in the 0-100% strain range (a gauge factor of 184.50 for a strain of 0-10%, 4.12 × 105 for 10%-30%, and 2.80 × 105 for 30%-100%) of the DCSF strain sensor, we successfully wove the fiber strain sensor into gloves and could realize the recognition of different hand gestures. Also the DCSF strain sensor can be applied to detect microvibrations efficiently. The demonstrated DCSF has potential applications in the development of smart wearable devices and micro vibration sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xiao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shangbi Chen
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Xin Yue Lian Hui Electronic Technology Co. LTD, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Banglian Xu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tiwari N, Shaikh AA. Hybridization of carbon fiber composites with graphene nanoplatelets to enhance interfacial bonding and thermomechanical properties for shape memory applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1967390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Tiwari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | - A. A. Shaikh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Chang S, Li M, Hou K, Han L, Cao A, Li H, Shang Y. Flexible and Stable Carbon Nanotube Film Strain Sensors with Self-Derived Integrated Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55600-55610. [PMID: 34779615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible and wearable electronic devices has put an increasing demand on electrode systems with seamless connection and high compatibility with the main device, in order to accommodate complex deformation conditions and maintain stable performance. Here, we present a carbon nanotube-integrated electrode (CNTIE) by wet-pulling the ends of a carbon nanotube (CNT) film to form condensed thin fibers that resemble conventional conducting wire electrodes. A flexible strain sensor was constructed consisting of the middle CNT film as the main functional part and the CNTIE as self-derived electrodes, with inherent CNT connection between the two parts. The sensor can be transferred to versatile substrates (e.g., balloon surface) or encapsulated in thermoplastic polymers, exhibiting a large linear response range (up to 1000% in tensile strain), excellent durability and repeatability over 5000 cycles, and the ability to detect small- to large-degree human body motions. In addition, the strain sensor based on the CNTIE hybrid film (MXene/CNT and graphene/CNT) also shows superior linearity and stability at a strain range of 0-800%. Compared with the sensors using traditional silver wire electrodes and separately fabricated CNT fiber electrodes, our CNTIE plays an important role in achieving highly stable performance in the strain cycles. Our self-derived integrated electrodes provide a potential route to solve the incompatibility issues of conventional electrodes and to develop high-performance flexible and wearable systems based on CNTs and other nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shulong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Keheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hongbian Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Recent Development of Multifunctional Sensors Based on Low-Dimensional Materials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21227727. [PMID: 34833801 PMCID: PMC8618950 DOI: 10.3390/s21227727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the demand for accurately recognizing human actions and environmental situations, multifunctional sensors are essential elements for smart applications in various emerging technologies, such as smart robots, human-machine interface, and wearable electronics. Low-dimensional materials provide fertile soil for multifunction-integrated devices. This review focuses on the multifunctional sensors for mechanical stimulus and environmental information, such as strain, pressure, light, temperature, and gas, which are fabricated from low-dimensional materials. The material characteristics, device architecture, transmission mechanisms, and sensing functions are comprehensively and systematically introduced. Besides multiple sensing functions, the integrated potential ability of supplying energy and expressing and storing information are also demonstrated. Some new process technologies and emerging research areas are highlighted. It is presented that optimization of device structures, appropriate material selection for synergy effect, and application of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics are effective approaches for constructing and improving the performance of multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and direction of future development are proposed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Park S, Choi H, Cho Y, Jeong J, Sun J, Cha S, Choi M, Bae J, Park JJ. Wearable Strain Sensors with Aligned Macro Carbon Cracks Using a Two-Dimensional Triaxial-Braided Fabric Structure for Monitoring Human Health. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22926-22934. [PMID: 33960762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable sensors, due to their ability to exhibit characteristics, have been appealing for health monitoring through detection of human motions and vital signals. The development of strain sensors with high sensing performance and wearability has been a great challenge to date. In this study, a textile-based strain sensor with good skin affinity was fabricated through a simple fabrication process of dip-coating 2D triaxial-braided fabrics using carbon ink and then drying. The macro crack aligned on the 2D triaxial-braided fabric with a high-density structure and good recovery force. The sensitivity of textile-based strain sensor can be enhanced due to aligned macro crack formed by prestrained fabricating process and characteristic of the 2D triaxial braided fabric with high dense structure. The optimized sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor: 128) in a strain range of 0-30%, durability (5000 cycles), washability, low hysteresis, and fast response time (90 ms). Therefore, it can be applied as a wearable sensor that can monitor human motions (large strain) and biosignals (subtle strain).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangki Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeongsub Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jaeseon Jeong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jingzhe Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Seokjun Cha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Bae
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Clothing & Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Complex Geometry Strain Sensors Based on 3D Printed Nanocomposites: Spring, Three-Column Device and Footstep-Sensing Platform. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051106. [PMID: 33922883 PMCID: PMC8146940 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Electromechanical sensing devices, based on resins doped with carbon nanotubes, were developed by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology in order to increase design freedom and identify new future and innovative applications. The analysis of electromechanical properties was carried out on specific sensors manufactured by DLP 3D printing technology with complex geometries: a spring, a three-column device and a footstep-sensing platform based on the three-column device. All of them show a great sensitivity of the measured electrical resistance to the applied load and high cyclic reproducibility, demonstrating their versatility and applicability to be implemented in numerous items in our daily lives or in industrial devices. Different types of carbon nanotubes—single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled CNTs (SWCNTs, DWCNTs, MWCNTs)—were used to evaluate the effect of their morphology on electrical and electromechanical performance. SWCNT- and DWCNT-doped nanocomposites presented a higher Tg compared with MWCNT-doped nanocomposites due to a lower UV light shielding effect. This phenomenon also justifies the decrease of nanocomposite Tg with the increase of CNT content in every case. The electromechanical analysis reveals that SWCNT- and DWCNT-doped nanocomposites show a higher electromechanical performance than nanocomposites doped with MWCNTs, with a slight increment of strain sensitivity in tensile conditions, but also a significant strain sensitivity gain at bending conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu H, Wu Y, Qi X, Chi Z, Li Z, Xu L, Fu Y, Dong Y. Thermally and light‐triggered reconfigurable shape memory polydopamine/epoxy composite with self‐healing and recyclable ability. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yanglong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhangyi Chi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yubing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|