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Kaushal JB, Raut P, Kumar S. Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:976. [PMID: 37998151 PMCID: PMC10669243 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, thus offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic electronics' remarkable progress and potential in biosensing applications. It explores the multifaceted aspects of organic materials and devices, thereby highlighting their unique advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-cost fabrication. The paper delves into the diverse range of biosensors enabled by organic electronics, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors, thus showcasing their versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, integrating organic biosensors into wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is discussed, wherein they offer real-time, remote, and personalized monitoring solutions. The review also addresses the current challenges and future prospects of organic biosensing, thus emphasizing the potential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine, environmental sustainability, and the advancement of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, Scott Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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Hong J, Jin Y, Jin Y, Chen J, Li Y, Chen J. Coalescence Dynamics of a Droplet Impacting on a Rectangular Pixel for Inkjet Printing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15839-15847. [PMID: 36475735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A droplet impacting on a rectangular pixel with an offset is prone to cause the liquid to spread out of the pixel and adhere to adjacent pixels in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) inkjet printing. Therefore, the coalescence of a droplet impacting on a rectangular pixel is crucial in understanding the reliable OLED inkjet printing. In this paper, an assumption is established that the rectangular coalescence process is divided into the fusion part and spread part. On this basis, a dynamics model is introduced to analyze the coalescence behavior of a droplet impacting on a rectangular pixel. According to the law of conservation of mass and energy, dynamic equations are developed to obtain the maximum spread length as a function of time. In addition, the volume of the fluid method is used to simulate coalescence dynamics of a droplet impacting on a rectangular pixel by using the software of FLUENT, and the analytical solutions are consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, the effects of the positioning error and initial velocity on the coalescence dynamics are analyzed. The results show that small initial velocity and positioning error of the droplet are helpful for the reliable OLED inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Hong
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Yifan Jin
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Yiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Jiankui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
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Durbach S, Krauss FT, Hoffmann M, Lehmann V, Reinhardt H, Sundermeyer J, Hampp N. Laser-Driven One- and Two-Dimensional Subwavelength Periodic Patterning of Thin Films Made of a Metal-Organic MoS 2 Precursor. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10412-10421. [PMID: 35608356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based surface processing is an established way for the maskless generation of surface structures and functionalities on a large variety of materials. Laser-driven periodic surface texturing and structuring of thin films is reported for metallic-, semiconductive-, and polymeric films. Here, we introduce subwavelength surface patterning of metal-organic thin films of [Mo2S4(S2CNnBu2)2], a MoS2 precursor. Accurate control of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) periodic patterns is achieved on silicon wafers with a pulsed 532 nm ns laser. With suitable combinations of laser polarization, laser pulse energy, the thickness of the SiO2 passivation layer, and the MoS2 precursor's thin film thickness, high-quality 1D and 2D self-organized periodic structures are obtained in virtually unlimited areas. The material redistribution related to the pattern formation is thermally driven at low laser energies. Increasing pulse energies beyond a threshold level, in our experiments a factor of 2, fully converts the precursor to MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Durbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Falk T Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marius Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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High-Resolution Patterning of Organic Emitting-Layer by Using Inkjet Printing and Sublimation Transfer Process. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091611. [PMID: 35564320 PMCID: PMC9100090 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We implemented ultra-high resolution patterns of 2822 pixels-per-inch (PPI) via an inkjet printing and vacuum drying process grafted onto a sublimation transfer process. Co-solvented ink with a 1:1 ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to ortho-dichlrorobenzene (oDCB) was used, and the inkjet driving waveform was optimized via analysis of Ohnesorge (Oh)-Reynolds (Re) numbers. Inkjet printing conditions on the donor substrate with 2822 PPI microchannels were investigated in detail according to the drop space and line space. Most sublimation transferred patterns have porous surfaces under drying conditions in an air atmosphere. Unlike the spin-coating process, the drying process of inkjet-printed films on the microchannel has a great effect on the sublimation of transferred thin film. Therefore, to control the morphology, we carefully investigated the drying process of the inkjet-printed inks in the microchannel. Using a vacuum drying process to control the morphology of inkjet-printed films, line patterns of 2822 PPI resolution having a root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of 1.331 nm without voids were successfully fabricated.
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Zhou X, Cai Y, Xu M, Li J, Sheng C, Zhang Q, Qiu X, Wang W, Xiong S, Cong C, Qiu ZJ, Liu R, Hu L. Dewetting-Assisted Patterning of Organic Semiconductors for Micro-OLED Arrays with a Pixel Size of 1 µm. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101509. [PMID: 35170861 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of near-eye displays, such as head-mounted displays, is triggering a requirement for highly enhanced display resolution. High-resolution micro-displays with micro-organic light-emitting diodes (micro-OLEDs) can be a preferential candidate, owing to the mature industrialization of OLEDs along with the advantages of flexibility, light weight, and ease of processing. However, micro-OLEDs with pixel sizes down to micrometers are difficult to be achieved using conventional techniques such as fine metal mask evaporation and lithography. Here, a solution-processing approach to pattern organic semiconductors (OSCs) for micro-OLED arrays with the assistance of templated dewetting is demonstrated. Solvents containing organic functional materials are dewetted on the surface with hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns to form ordered droplet arrays using dip-coating. Subsequently, patterned OSC films are produced by effectively controlling solvent evaporation. Micro-OLED arrays with a pixel size down to 1 µm are successfully fabricated by further deposition of emitting/electron transport layers and top electrodes. This approach can open an avenue for low-cost manufacturing of flexible and high-resolution micro-displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Cai
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Sheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinxia Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenchong Wang
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu City, Zhejiang, 322000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Laigui Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Samaeifar F, Aziz H. Role of Guest Materials in the Lower Stability of Solution-Coated versus Vacuum-Deposited Phosphorescent OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8199-8208. [PMID: 35119829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing different phosphorescent materials as emitter guests, this work investigates the root causes of the lower electroluminescence (EL) stability of solution-coated (SOL) organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) relative to their vacuum-deposited (VAC) counterparts. The results show that emitter guest molecules aggregate under electrical stress, leading to the emergence of new longer-wavelength bands in the EL spectra of the devices over time. However, the intensity of these aggregation emission bands is much stronger in the case of SOL host:guest systems than that of their VAC counterparts, indicating that guest aggregation occurs much faster in the former. The results reveal that the phenomenon arises from differences in the initial morphologies and are likely associated with the use of solvents in the solution-coating process. Moreover, although excitons can drive this aggregation in the case of SOL emissive layer (EML) devices, the coexistence of excitons and polarons accelerates this phenomenon significantly. The results uncover one of the main causes of the lower stability of OLEDs made by solution coating and reveal the importance of adopting new molecular designs that make them less susceptible to aggregation for the development of SOL OLEDs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samaeifar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Lee Y, Han YJ, Cho KY, Cho KH, Jeong YC. Large-Scale and High-Resolution Patterning Based on the Intense Pulsed Light Transfer of Inkjet-Printed Light-Emitting Materials. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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