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He L, Liu X, Han C, Wang D, Wang Q, Deng X, Zhang C. 3D Printing Architecting β-PVDF Reservoirs for Preferential ZnO Epitaxial Growth Toward Advanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301707. [PMID: 38343185 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
For polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based piezoelectric composites, epitaxial growth of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-nr) piezoceramic layer on PVDF is an effective way to improve their piezoelectric performance. However, the crystal nucleus of ZnO featuring polar surfaces that cannot be directly attached to hydrophobic PVDF with low surface energy. Herein, direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing is employed for the first time to create β-PVDF reservoirs with significantly enhanced surface energy, facilitating the attachment and epitaxial growth of ZnO-nr. The printed β-PVDF reservoirs designed with programmed macro-pores and abundant inner micropores, enable a higher loading of ZnO-nr by more than one magnitude, thereby boosting the electro-mechanical response. The resulting PVDF/ZnO core-shell piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) delivers an output voltage of 33.2 V, as well as an unprecedentedly high relative output voltage of 2.76 V/wt.%, which is 2.63 times that of the state-of-the-art 3D-printed PVDF/piezoceramics PEHs. Furthermore, it can differentiate subtle human motions whereas hybrid PEHs cannot distinct. This work demonstrates that the DIW 3D printing approach offers a simple and convenient design idea for creating high performance PEHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Cheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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2
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Che X, Fan Y, Su Y, Gong Y, Guo Q, Feng Y, Hu D, Wang W, Fan H. Performance Improvement and Application of Degradable Poly-l-lactide and Yttrium-Doped Zinc Oxide Hybrid Films for Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33517-33526. [PMID: 38885354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are booming for energy collection and wearable energy supply as one of the next generations of green energy-harvesting devices. Balancing the output, safety, degradation, and cost is the key to solving the bottleneck of PENG application. In this regard, yttrium (Y)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) (Y-ZnO) was synthesized and embedded into polylactide (PLLA) for developing degradable piezoelectric composite films with an enhanced energy-harvesting performance. The synthesized Y-ZnO exhibits high piezoelectric properties benefiting from the stronger polarity of the Y-O bond and regulation of oxygen vacancy concentration, which improve the output performance of the composite film with Y-ZnO and PLLA (Y-Z-PLLA). The obtained open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and instantaneous power density of the optimized Y-Z-PLLA PENG reach 17.52 V, 2.45 μA, and 1.76 μW/cm2, respectively. The proposed PENG also shows good degradability. In addition, practical applications of the proposed PENG were demonstrated by converting biomechanical energy, such as walking, running, and jumping, into electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzi Che
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Fan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Orthopedic Medicine Department of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics Cine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Dengwei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji 721013, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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Zhi C, Shi S, Wu H, Si Y, Zhang S, Lei L, Hu J. Emerging Trends of Nanofibrous Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Applications: Mechanisms, Electroactive Materials, and Designed Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401264. [PMID: 38545963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant progress in piezo-/triboelectric nanogenerators (PTEGs) has led to the development of cutting-edge wearable technologies. Nanofibers with good designability, controllable morphologies, large specific areas, and unique physicochemical properties provide a promising platform for PTEGs for various advanced applications. However, the further development of nanofiber-based PTEGs is limited by technical difficulties, ranging from materials design to device integration. Herein, the current developments in PTEGs based on electrospun nanofibers are systematically reviewed. This review begins with the mechanisms of PTEGs and the advantages of nanofibers and nanodevices, including high breathability, waterproofness, scalability, and thermal-moisture comfort. In terms of materials and structural design, novel electroactive nanofibers and structure assemblies based on 1D micro/nanostructures, 2D bionic structures, and 3D multilayered structures are discussed. Subsequently, nanofibrous PTEGs in applications such as energy harvesters, personalized medicine, personal protective equipment, and human-machine interactions are summarized. Nanofiber-based PTEGs still face many challenges such as energy efficiency, material durability, device stability, and device integration. Finally, the research gap between research and practical applications of PTEGs is discussed, and emerging trends are proposed, providing some ideas for the development of intelligent wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hanbai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Jung EY, Suleiman HO, Tae HS, Park CS. A Review of Plasma-Synthesized and Plasma Surface-Modified Piezoelectric Polymer Films for Nanogenerators and Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1548. [PMID: 38891493 PMCID: PMC11174466 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we introduce recently developed plasma-based approaches for depositing and treating piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) and piezoelectric polymer films for nanogenerator (NG) and sensor applications. We also present the properties and an overview of recently synthesized or modified piezoelectric materials on piezoelectric polymers to highlight the existing challenges and future directions of plasma methods under vacuum, low pressure, and ambient air conditions. The various plasma processes involved in piezoelectric NGs and sensors, including plasma-based vapor deposition, dielectric barrier discharge, and surface modification, are introduced and summarized for controlling various surface properties (etching, roughening, crosslinking, functionalization, and crystallinity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Jung
- The Institute of Electronic Technology, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Habeeb Olaitan Suleiman
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Electrical Engineering, Milligan University, Johnson City, TN 37682, USA
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Huang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Shi Q. Flexible piezoelectric sensor based on polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile/carboxy-terminated multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films for human motion monitoring. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235501. [PMID: 38422987 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2f1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible piezoelectric devices have attracted much attention in the fields of intelligent devices and biomedicine because of their high sensitivity, stability, and flexibility. In this paper, a multifunctional flexible pressure sensor was prepared by adding polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carboxylic-terminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as the substrate. Theβ-phase content of PVDF/PAN blended fibers compounded with c-MWCNT was up to 95%. At the same time, when PAN was added, the mechanical properties of the composite fibers were constantly improved. The results show that the polymer blending method can improve the comprehensive properties of PVDF composite. The flexible sensor prepared from the PVDF/PAN/c-MWCNT composite film has an output voltage of 2.1 V and a current of 7μA. The addition of c-MWCNT can largely improve the sensitivity of the sensor (4.19 V N-1). The sensor is attached to the finger and shows good output performance under different degrees of bending of the finger. The maximum output voltage of the sensor is 0.4 V, 0.56 V and 1.15 V when the finger bending angle is 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. Moreover, the developed piezoelectric sensor can monitor large-scale movements of various parts of the human body. Therefore, this composite material shows potential in areas such as motion monitoring and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisong Shi
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, People's Republic of China
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Huang A, Zhu Y, Peng S, Tan B, Peng X. Improved Energy Harvesting Ability of Single-Layer Binary Fiber Nanocomposite Membrane for Multifunctional Wearable Hybrid Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Self-Powered Sensors. ACS NANO 2024; 18:691-702. [PMID: 38147828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
While wearable self-powered electronic devices have shown promising improvements, substantial challenges persist in enhancing their electrical output and structural performance. In this work, a working mechanism involving simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a monolayer-structured membrane is proposed. Single-layer binary fiber nanocomposite membranes (SBFNMs) (PVDF/CNTX@PAN/CNTX, DPCPCX) with two distinct interpenetrating nanocomposite fibers were created through co-electrospinning, incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), respectively. The resulting membrane demonstrated an exceptional synergistic effect of piezoelectricity and triboelectricity along with a high machine-to-electric conversion capability. The addition of CNTs increased the PVDF β-phase and the PAN planar zigzag conformation. As a result, the DPCPC0.5-SBFNMs-based piezoelectric nanogenerator exhibited excellent electrical output (187 V, 8.0 μA, and 1.52 W m-2), maintaining an exceptionally high level of output voltage compared with other piezoelectric nanogenerators. It successfully illuminated 50 commercial light-emitting diodes simultaneously. The output voltage of DPCPC0.5-SBFNMs was 5.1 and 4.6 times higher than that of PAN or PVDF single-fiber membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the peak voltage of DPCPC0.5-SBFNMs exceeded that of co-electrospinning PVDF/CNT1.0@PAN (DPCP1.0) and PVDF@PAN/CNT1.0 (DPPC1.0) by 20 and 10 V, respectively. The piezoelectric sensor made of DPCPC0.5-SBFNMs accurately sensed human movement, ranging from tiny to large, and demonstrated utility as an alarm in medical treatment, fire fighting, and monitoring. Endogenous triboelectricity is proposed in SBFNM piezoelectric materials, enhancing electromechanical conversion and electrical output capacity, thereby promising a wide application potential in self-powered wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
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7
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Bhadwal N, Ben Mrad R, Behdinan K. Review of Zinc Oxide Piezoelectric Nanogenerators: Piezoelectric Properties, Composite Structures and Power Output. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3859. [PMID: 37112200 PMCID: PMC10144910 DOI: 10.3390/s23083859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead-containing piezoelectric materials typically show the highest energy conversion efficiencies, but due to their toxicity they will be limited in future applications. In their bulk form, the piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric materials are significantly lower than lead-containing materials. However, the piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric materials at the nano scale can be significantly larger than the bulk scale. This review looks at the suitability of ZnO nanostructures as candidate lead-free piezoelectric materials for use in piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on their piezoelectric properties. Of the papers reviewed, Neodymium-doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) have a comparable piezoelectric strain constant to bulk lead-based piezoelectric materials and hence are good candidates for PENGs. Piezoelectric energy harvesters typically have low power outputs and an improvement in their power density is needed. This review systematically reviews the different composite structures of ZnO PENGs to determine the effect of composite structure on power output. State-of-the-art techniques to increase the power output of PENGs are presented. Of the PENGs reviewed, the highest power output belonged to a vertically aligned ZnO nanowire (NWs) PENG (1-3 nanowire composite) with a power output of 45.87 μW/cm2 under finger tapping. Future directions of research and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Bhadwal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Feng Z, Wang K, Liu Y, Han B, Yu DG. Piezoelectric Enhancement of Piezoceramic Nanoparticle-Doped PVDF/PCL Core-Sheath Fibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13071243. [PMID: 37049335 PMCID: PMC10096487 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is considered to be an efficient method to prepare piezoelectric thin films because of its ability to transform the phase of the polymers. A core-sheath structure can endow fibers with more functions and properties. In this study, fibers with a core-sheath structure were prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) included with nanoparticles (NPs) as the shell layer and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the core layer. Their mechanical and piezoelectric properties were studied in detail. During the course of the electrospinning process, PVDF was demonstrated to increase the amount of its polar phase, with the help of nanoparticles acting as a nucleating agent to facilitate the change. PCL was chosen as a core material because of its good mechanical properties and its compatibility with PVDF. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) assessments revealed that the fibers have a core-sheath structure, and shell layers were loaded with nanoparticles. Mechanical testing showed that the core layer can significantly improve mechanical properties. The XRD patterns of the core-sheath structure fibers indicated the β phase domain the main component. Piezoelectric testing showed that the doped nanoparticles were able to enhance piezoelectric performances. The increases of mechanical and piezoelectric properties of core-sheath structure fibers provide a feasible application for wearable electronics, which require flexibility and good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wang
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (D.-G.Y.)
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Shi Q, He S, He Y, Wu Y, Liu R. Enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile piezoelectric composite fibers filled with ionic liquids. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Shi
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Shifeng He
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yongqing He
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
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Chen J, Zhu G, Wang J, Chang X, Zhu Y. Multifunctional Iontronic Sensor Based on Liquid Metal-Filled Ho llow Ionogel Fibers in Detecting Pressure, Temperature, and Proximity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7485-7495. [PMID: 36696682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based pressure/temperature sensors are highly desired in wearable electronics because of their natural advantages of good breathability and easy integrability. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate reliable and highly sensitive fiber-based pressure/temperature sensors via a scalable and facile strategy. Herein, a novel fiber-based iontronic sensor with excellent pressure- and temperature-sensing capabilities is designed by assembling two crossed hollow and porous ionogel fibers filled with liquid metal. Serving as a pressure sensor, a high detection resolution (1.16 Pa), a high sensitivity of 13.30 kPa-1 (0-2 kPa), and a wide detection range (∼207 kPa) are realized owing to its novel hierarchical structure and the selection of deformable liquid electrodes. As a temperature sensor, it exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of 25.99% °C-1 (35-40 °C), high resolution of 0.02 °C, and good repeatability and reliability. On the basis of these excellent sensing capabilities, the as-prepared sensor can detect not only pressure signals varied from weak pulse to large joint movements but also the proximity of different objects. Furthermore, a large-area fiber array can be easily woven for acquiring the pressure mapping to intuitively distinguish the location, magnitude, and shape of the loaded object. This work provides a universal strategy to design fiber-shaped iontronic sensors for wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxuan Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang Y, Xie W, Peng W, Li F, He Y. Fundamentals and Applications of ZnO-Nanowire-Based Piezotronics and Piezo-Phototronics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010047. [PMID: 36677109 PMCID: PMC9860666 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The piezotronic effect is a coupling effect of semiconductor and piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric potential is used to adjust the p-n junction barrier width and Schottky barrier height to control carrier transportation. At present, it has been applied in the fields of sensors, human-machine interaction, and active flexible electronic devices. The piezo-phototronic effect is a three-field coupling effect of semiconductor, photoexcitation, and piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric potential generated by the applied strain in the piezoelectric semiconductor controls the generation, transport, separation, and recombination of carriers at the metal-semiconductor contact or p-n junction interface, thereby improving optoelectronic devices performance, such as photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes (LED). Since then, the piezotronics and piezo-phototronic effects have attracted vast research interest due to their ability to remarkably enhance the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Meanwhile, ZnO has become an ideal material for studying the piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects due to its simple preparation process and better biocompatibility. In this review, first, the preparation methods and structural characteristics of ZnO nanowires (NWs) with different doping types were summarized. Then, the theoretical basis of the piezotronic effect and its application in the fields of sensors, biochemistry, energy harvesting, and logic operations (based on piezoelectric transistors) were reviewed. Next, the piezo-phototronic effect in the performance of photodetectors, solar cells, and LEDs was also summarized and analyzed. In addition, modulation of the piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects was compared and summarized for different materials, structural designs, performance characteristics, and working mechanisms' analysis. This comprehensive review provides fundamental theoretical and applied guidance for future research directions in piezotronics and piezo-phototronics for optoelectronic devices and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi’an City, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wanli Xie
- School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi’an City, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wenbo Peng
- School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi’an City, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Fangpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yongning He
- School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi’an City, Xi’an 710049, China
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12
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Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Tan J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liang J, Li T, Liu Y, Jiang H, Li P. Flexible Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Nanogenerators Based on PAN/TMAB Nanocomposite Fiber Mats for Self-Power Multifunctional Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46789-46800. [PMID: 36194663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable electronics to convert mechanical and thermal energy into electrical energy are important for biomedical monitoring, which highly require good flexibility, comfortability, signal sensitivity, and accuracy. In this work, composite nanofiber mats of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and trimethylamine borane (TMAB) were prepared by electrospinning, which exhibited excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric abilities in harvesting mechanical and thermal energy. The PAN/TMAB-4 nanofiber mats not only generated a high voltage of up to 2.56 V and a high power of 0.19 μW upon shape deformation but also exhibited linear voltage response to thermal gradient. The hybrid piezoelectric and pyroelectric output signals were successfully integrated together and have been applied to precisely monitor human vital signs, including elbow bending angles, foot posture, and breathing status, in real time by attaching the flexible sensors to proper human body parts. Overall, good flexibility, bifunctional sensing ability, and self-power make PAN-/TMAB-type sensors very attractive in fabricating high-performance electronics for detecting motion, monitoring health, and making portable microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yong Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jianqiang Tan
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi030032, China
| | - Hulin Zhang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jianguo Liang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi030001, China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Pengwei Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
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13
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Enhancement of Piezoelectric Properties of Flexible Nanofibrous Membranes by Hierarchical Structures and Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204268. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14204268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) show superiority in self-powered energy converters and wearable electronics. However, the low power output and ineffective transformation of mechanical energy into electric energy l limit the role of PENGs in energy conversion and storage devices, especially in fiber-based wearable electronics. Here, a PAN-PVDF/ZnO PENG with a hierarchical structure was designed through electrospinning and a hydrothermal reaction. Compared with other polymer nanofibers, the PAN-PVDF/ZnO nanocomposites not only showed two distinctive diameter distributions of uniform nanofibers, but also the complete coverage and embedment of ZnO nanorods, which brought about major improvements in both mechanical and piezoelectric properties. Additionally, a simple but effective method to integrate the inorganic nanoparticles into different polymers and regulate the hierarchical structure by altering the types of polymers, concentrations of spinning solutions, and growth conditions of nanoparticles is presented. Further, the designed P-PVDF/ZnO PENG was demonstrated as an energy generator to successfully power nine commercial LEDs. Thus, this approach reveals the critical role of hierarchical structures and processing technology in the development of high-performance piezoelectric nanomaterials.
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14
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Corona-Poled Porous Electrospun Films of Gram-Scale Y-Doped ZnO and PVDF Composites for Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183912. [PMID: 36146062 PMCID: PMC9502599 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For digging out eco−friendly and well−performed energy harvesters, piezoelectric nanogenerators are preferred owing to their effortless assembly. Corona−poling promotes output performance of either aligned or porous PVDF electrospun films and higher piezoelectric output was achieved by corona−poled porous PVDF electrospun films due to more poled electret dipoles in pores. Increasing the duration of electrospinning rendered more electret dipoles in PVDF porous electrospun films, resulting in higher piezoelectric output. Moreover, corona−poled PVDF/Y−ZnO porous electrospun films performed better than corona−poled PVDF/ZnO porous electrospun films because of the larger polar crystal face of Y−ZnO. Flexible piezoelectric polymer PVDF and high−piezoelectric Y−ZnO complement each other in electrospun films. With 15 wt% of Y−ZnO, corona−poled PVDF/Y−ZnO porous electrospun films generated maximum power density of 3.6 μW/cm2, which is 18 times that of PVDF/BiCl3 electrospun films.
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15
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Guo H, Li L, Wang F, Kim SW, Sun H. Mitigating the Negative Piezoelectricity in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials for High-performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34733-34741. [PMID: 35867959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of ecofriendly waste energy into useable electrical energy is of significant interest for energy harvesting technologies. Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on organic/inorganic hybrid materials are a key promising technology for harvesting mechanical energy due to their high piezoelectric coefficient and good mechanical flexibility. However, the negative piezoelectric effect of the polymer component in composite devices severely undermines its overall piezoelectricity, compromising the output performance of PVDF-based piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerators. Here, to conquer this, we report a two-step poling schedule to orient the dipoles of organic and inorganic components in the same direction. The optimized nanogenerator delivers a combination of high piezoelectric coefficient, great output performance, and remarkable stability. The isotropic piezoelectricity in the composite device collaborates to output a maximum voltage of 110 V and a power density of 7.8 μW cm-2. This strategy is also applied to elevate the piezoelectricity of other organic/inorganic-hybrid-based nanogenerators, substantiating its universal applicability for composite piezoelectric nanogenerators. This study presents a feasible strategy for enhancing the effective output capability of composite nanogenerator technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Huajun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Advanced Ceramics Institute of Zibo New & High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Zibo 255000, China
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16
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Zhang H, Tian G, Xiong D, Yang T, Zhong S, Jin L, Lan B, Deng L, Wang S, Sun Y, Yang W, Deng W. Understanding the Enhancement Mechanism of ZnO Nanorod-based Piezoelectric Devices through Surface Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29061-29069. [PMID: 35726823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ZnO is a typical piezoelectric semiconductor, and enhancing the piezoelectric output of ZnO-based devices is essential for their efficient applications. Surface engineering is an effective strategy to improve the piezoelectric output of ZnO-based devices, but its unclear regulation mechanism leads to a lack of reasonable guidance for device design. In this work, the regulation effect of the barrier layer in ZnO-based piezoelectric devices is systematically investigated from the carrier perspective through surface engineering, resulting in a significant improvement (nearly 10-fold) in the output performance of piezoelectric devices. The regulation mechanism of the ZnO-Cu2O p-n heterojunction devices on piezoelectric output is revealed in terms of built-in electric field, depletion layer width, and junction capacitance. These findings facilitate further insight into the enhancement mechanism of the piezoelectric output of ZnO-based devices and provide reasonable ideas for efficient device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Da Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Mo Y, Zhang Y, Fang W, Jin J. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanofibres intercalated multilayer membrane with hierarchical structure for efficient oil/water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Waseem A, Bagal IV, Abdullah A, Kulkarni MA, Thaalbi H, Ha JS, Lee JK, Ryu SW. High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200952. [PMID: 35460183 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development of micro-electromechanical systems increases the need for flexible and durable piezoelectric nanogenerators (f-PNG) with high output power density. In this study, a high-performance, flexible, and highly stable f-PNG is prepared by directly growing the Mg-doped semi-insulating GaN nanowires (NWs) on a 30-µm-thick tungsten foil using vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. The direct growth of NWs on metal foil extends the overall lifetime of the f-PNG. The semi-insulating GaN NWs significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance of the f-PNG by reducing free electron density. Additionally, the direct integration of NWs on the tungsten foil improves the conductivity, resulting in current enhancement (2.5 mA) with an output power density of 13 mW cm-2 . The piezoelectric performance of the f-PNG is investigated under several bending angles, actuation frequencies, continuous vibrations, and airflow velocities. The maximum output voltage exhibited by the f-PNG is 20 V at a bending angle of 155°. The f-PNG is connected to the backside of an index finger to monitor finger bending behavior by changing the current density. Depending on its flexibility and sensitivity, the f-PNG can be used as a health-monitoring sensor to be mounted on joints (fingers, hands, elbows, and knees) to monitor their repeated bending and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Waseem
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Indrajit V Bagal
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ameer Abdullah
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandar A Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamza Thaalbi
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Ha
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - June Key Lee
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Ryu
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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19
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Mu J, Xian S, Yu J, Zhao J, Song J, Li Z, Hou X, Chou X, He J. Synergistic Enhancement Properties of a Flexible Integrated PAN/PVDF Piezoelectric Sensor for Human Posture Recognition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1155. [PMID: 35407273 PMCID: PMC9000213 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The flexible pressure sensor has attracted much attention due to its wearable and conformal advantage. All the same, enhancing its electrical and structural properties is still a huge challenge. Herein, a flexible integrated pressure sensor (FIPS) composed of a solid silicone rubber matrix, composited with piezoelectric powers of polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) and conductive silver-coated glass microspheres is first proposed. Specifically, the mass ratio of the PAN/PVDF and the rubber is up to 4:5 after mechanical mixing. The output voltage of the sensor with composite PAN/PVDF reaches 49 V, which is 2.57 and 3.06 times that with the single components, PAN and PVDF, respectively. In the range from 0 to 800 kPa, its linearity of voltage and current are all close to 0.986. Meanwhile, the sensor retains high voltage and current sensitivities of 42 mV/kPa and 0.174 nA/kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum response time is 43 ms at a frequency range of 1-2.5 Hz in different postures, and the stability is verified over 10,000 cycles. In practical measurements, the designed FIPS showed excellent recognition abilities for various gaits and different bending degrees of fingers. This work provides a novel strategy to improve the flexible pressure sensor, and demonstrates an attractive potential in terms of human health and motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Mu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (S.X.); (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian He
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (S.X.); (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.C.)
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20
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Liu Z, Li S, Zhu J, Mi L, Zheng G. Fabrication of β-Phase-Enriched PVDF Sheets for Self-Powered Piezoelectric Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11854-11863. [PMID: 35192327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of self-powered pressure sensors based on piezoelectric materials requires flexible piezoelectric generators produced with a continuous, large-scale, and environmentally friendly approach. In this study, continuous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sheets with a higher β-phase content were facilely fabricated by the melt-extrusion-calendering technique and a PVDF-based piezoelectric generator (PEG) was further assembled. Such a PEG exhibits a remarkable piezoelectric output performance. Moreover, it possesses prominent stability even after working for a long time, exhibiting potential applications for real-time monitoring of various human movements (i.e., hopping, running, and walking) and gait. This work not only provides the possibility of continuous and environmentally friendly fabrication of PVDF sheets with remarkable piezoelectric properties but also paves a new promising pathway for powering portable microelectronic applications without any external power supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhu Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Suishui Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhan Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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21
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Li X, Wu M, Peng H, Zhang X, Wang YT, Li T, Lou C, Lin J. Hierarchically structured polyvinylidene fluoride core‐shell composite yarn based on electrospinning coating method to improve piezoelectricity. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Ping Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Meng‐Meng Wu
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Hao‐Kai Peng
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Tianjin and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Advanced Textile Composite Materials Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Xue‐Fei Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Yan Ting Wang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Ting‐Ting Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Tianjin and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Advanced Textile Composite Materials Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Ching‐Wen Lou
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College Minjiang University Fuzhou China
| | - Jia‐Horng Lin
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College Minjiang University Fuzhou China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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22
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Chen M, Liu P, He JH, Wang HL, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen R. Nanofiber template-induced preparation of ZnO nanocrystal and its application in photocatalysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21196. [PMID: 34707102 PMCID: PMC8551286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional preparation of ZnO nanocrystal requires heating zinc acetate to a temperature over 350 °C, whereas in this work, zinc acetate was first electrospun with PVDF to form a nanofiber, followed by thermal treatment at only 140 °C to give nanocrystalline ZnO. The much lower temperature required in thermal treatment is attributed to the high reactivity of zinc acetate at nano dimension. The as-prepared ZnO-doped PVDF nanofiber mat shows excellent effect in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B, comparable to ZnO particle thermally treated at 600 °C. Highly-oriented ZnO nanorods were obtained by further hydrothermal synthesis of the electrospun nanofiber mat, giving nanostructured ZnO of different morphologies well-aligned on the surface of organic nanofiber. Notably, the hydrothermal synthesis of the successful preparation of these nanostructured ZnO requires a processing temperature below 100 °C at atmospheric pressure, showing great potential to be scaled up for vast manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ji-Huan He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Rouxi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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23
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Yang L, Ma Z, Tian Y, Meng B, Peng Z. Progress on Self-Powered Wearable and Implantable Systems Driven by Nanogenerators. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:666. [PMID: 34200150 PMCID: PMC8227325 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), sustainable self-powered wireless sensory systems and diverse wearable and implantable electronic devices have surged recently. Under such an opportunity, nanogenerators, which can convert continuous mechanical energy into usable electricity, have been regarded as one of the critical technologies for self-powered systems, based on the high sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this review, we have thoroughly analyzed the materials and structures of wearable and implantable PENGs and TENGs, aiming to make clear how to tailor a self-power system into specific applications. The advantages in TENG and PENG are taken to effectuate wearable and implantable human-oriented applications, such as self-charging power packages, physiological and kinematic monitoring, in vivo and in vitro healing, and electrical stimulation. This review comprehensively elucidates the recent advances and future outlook regarding the human body's self-powered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (L.Y.); (Z.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.P.)
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24
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Hara Y, Otsuka K, Makihara K. Adaptive and Robust Operation with Active Fuzzy Harvester under Nonstationary and Random Disturbance Conditions. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113913. [PMID: 34204058 PMCID: PMC8201150 DOI: 10.3390/s21113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to amplify the output voltage magnitude from a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester under nonstationary and broadband vibration conditions. Improving the transferred energy, which is converted from mechanical energy to electrical energy through a piezoelectric transducer, achieved a high output voltage and effective harvesting. A threshold-based switching strategy is used to improve the total transferred energy with consideration of the signs and amplitudes of the electromechanical conditions of the harvester. A time-invariant threshold cannot accomplish effective harvesting under nonstationary vibration conditions because the assessment criterion for desirable control changes in accordance with the disturbance scale. To solve this problem, we developed a switching strategy for the active harvester, namely, adaptive switching considering vibration suppression-threshold strategy. The strategy adopts a tuning algorithm for the time-varying threshold and implements appropriate intermittent switching without pre-tuning by means of the fuzzy control theory. We evaluated the proposed strategy under three realistic vibration conditions: a frequency sweep, a change in the number of dominant frequencies, and wideband frequency vibration. Experimental comparisons were conducted with existing strategies, which consider only the signs of the harvester electromechanical conditions. The results confirm that the presented strategy achieves a greater output voltage than the existing strategies under all nonstationary vibration conditions. The average amplification rate of output voltage for the proposed strategy is 203% compared with the output voltage by noncontrolled harvesting.
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25
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Nundy S, Ghosh A, Tahir A, Mallick TK. Role of Hafnium Doping on Wetting Transition Tuning the Wettability Properties of ZnO and Doped Thin Films: Self-Cleaning Coating for Solar Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25540-25552. [PMID: 34024103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we successfully synthesized high-quality Hf-ZnO thin films with various Hf contents (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 at. %), which showed both superhydrophilic (6% Hf-ZnO) and ultrahydrophobic (15% Hf-ZnO) wetting behavior. Different characterization methods were opted to recognize the structural (XRD, SEM, AFM) and defect properties (XPS) of the pristine and doped materials, to understand the mechanisms underlying the tuning of wetting behavior (contact angle). Hafnium doping plays a noteworthy role in tuning the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures, roughness of the material surface, generation of defects, Lewis acid-base interactions, and wettability properties. We achieved a superhydrophilic surface with 6% Hf-ZnO owing to a smooth surface, less basicity, and maximum concentration of oxygen vacancies, and also an ultrahydrophobic surface with 15% Hf-ZnO because of the rough surface, high basicity, and minimum concentration of oxygen vacancies. The as prepared Hf-ZnO samples showed stable performance (stability, wearability, weatherability, and antifouling) under real-life conditions marking them multifunctional and biosafe material to be effectively used in solar and building's window. A wetting mechanism was established to relate the wetting behavior of the samples to oxygen vacancies (active sites for water dissociation: resulted due to charge mismatch of host cation (Zn2+) by the doped cation (Hf4+)), roughness (smooth surface (Wenzel) with minimum Rrms (0.588) portraying hydrophilic property and rough caltropic surface (Cassie-Baxter) with maximum Rrms (2.522) portraying hydrophobic property), basicity (H2O: Lewis Base; ZnO: Lewis acid; HfO2: Lewis base) and morphology (tube-like structure (0-6% Hf-ZnO) and caltrop-like structure (12-15% Hf-ZnO)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Nundy
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Asif Tahir
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Tapas K Mallick
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
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