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Zou Y, Eichhorn J, Zhang J, Apfelbeck FAC, Yin S, Wolz L, Chen CC, Sharp ID, Müller-Buschbaum P. Microstrain and Crystal Orientation Variation within Naked Triple-Cation Mixed Halide Perovskites under Heat, UV, and Visible Light Exposure. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:388-399. [PMID: 38356935 PMCID: PMC10863397 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The instability of perovskite absorbers under various environmental stressors is the most significant obstacle to widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we study the evolution of crystal structure and microstrain present in naked triple-cation mixed CsMAFA-based perovskite films under heat, UV, and visible light (1 Sun) conditions by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We find that the microstrain is gradient distributed along the surface normal of the films, decreasing from the upper surface to regions deeper within the film. Moreover, heat, UV, and visible light treatments do not interfere with the crystalline orientations within annealed polycrystalline films. However, when subjected to heat, the naked perovskite films exhibit a rapid component decomposition, induced by phase separation and ion migration. Conversely, under exposure to UV and 1 Sun light soaking, the naked perovskite films undergo a self-optimization structure evolution during degradation and develop into smoother films with reduced surface potential fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zou
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional
Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichhorn
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute
Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian A. C. Apfelbeck
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional
Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional
Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Wolz
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter
Schottky Institute, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics
Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional
Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical
University of Munich, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum
(MLZ), Lichtenbergstr.
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Meng X, Shen B, Sun Q, Deng J, Hu D, Kang B, Silva SRP, Wang X, Wang L. Multifunctional Molecule Assists Passivate Method to Simultaneously Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202092. [PMID: 36629755 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been greatly improved recently. However, in organic-inorganic polycrystalline perovskite films many defects inevitably exist, which limits the PCE and stability of PSCs. Herein, a small organic molecule 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (SN) is spin coated on a perovskite film to enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the multifunctional molecule SN reacts with under-coordinated Pb2+ ions and I- vacancies because of the presence of the sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, and the -COOH groups, which are conducive to suppressing charge recombination and passivating defects. Even more, the introduction of the SN layer can effectively adjust the energy level alignment, which is conducive to the separation and extraction of charge carriers in PSCs. Therefore, devices with SN modification show a champion PCE of 22.55 %. Besides, PSCs with SN show impressive stability, retaining 96 % of its initial PCE after storage in ambient air for 500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bonan Kang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Fraser AC, Yankey J, Coronell O, Dingemans TJ. A Sulfonated All-Aromatic Polyamide for Heavy Metal Capture: A Model Study with Pb(II). ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:856-865. [PMID: 38144907 PMCID: PMC10735244 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are widely used in heavy metal removal, finding applications as coagulants and flocculants. We compare the heavy metal removal capability of a water-soluble sulfonated semirigid polyamide, poly(2,2'-disulfonyl-4,4'-benzidine isophthalamide) (PBDI), with that of a well-known random-coil polymer, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Using lead (Pb(II)) as a model contaminant, both polymers precipitate out from solution at ~500 mg/L Pb(II) in water. The ability to remove Pb(II) from water was quantified using adsorption isotherms and fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The sorption of Pb(II) by PSS fit the Langmuir model with a high degree of correlation (0.976 R2), but the sorption of Pb(II) by PBDI could not be accurately predicted using the Langmuir or Freundlich model. The sorption of Pb(II) by PBDI and PSS was compared by normalizing sorption by the number of sulfonate groups of each polymer and the ion exchange capacity (IEC), found by titration. We find that PBDI removes a greater amount of Pb(II) per gram of sorbent compared to PSS, 410 mg/g vs 260 mg/g, respectively, which cannot be accounted for by differences in IEC or number of sulfonate groups. Our findings confirm that the positioning of the sulfonate groups and the rigidity of the polymer backbone play an important role in how Pb(II) coordinates to the polymer prior to precipitating out from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Fraser
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3050, United States
| | - Jacob Yankey
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3050, United States
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7431, United States
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3050, United States
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4
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Khorshidi E, Rezaei B, Kavousighahfarokhi A, Hanisch J, Reus MA, Müller-Buschbaum P, Ameri T. Antisolvent Additive Engineering for Boosting Performance and Stability of Graded Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Using Amide-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54623-54634. [PMID: 36446022 PMCID: PMC9756295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive and antisolvent engineering strategies are outstandingly efficient in enhancing perovskite quality, photovoltaic performance, and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, an effective approach is applied by coupling the antisolvent mixture and multi-functional additive procedures, which is recognized as antisolvent additive engineering (AAE). The graphene quantum dots functionalized with amide (AGQDs), which consists of carbonyl, amine, and long hydrophobic alkyl chain functional groups, are added to the antisolvent mixture of toluene (T) and hexane (H) as an efficient additive to form the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI):AGQDs graded heterojunction structure. A broad range of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, space charge limited current, UV-visible spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, are used to investigate the effect of AAE treatment with AGQDs on the quality of perovskite film and performance of the PSCs. Importantly, not only a uniform and dense perovskite film with hydrophobic property is obtained but also defects on the perovskite surface are significantly passivated by the interaction between AGQDs and uncoordinated Pb2+. As a result, an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.10% is achieved for the champion PSCs treated with AGQD additive, compared to the PCE of 16.00% for untreated reference PSCs. In addition, the high-efficiency PSCs based on AGQDs show high stability and maintain 89% of their initial PCE after 960 h in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Khorshidi
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), Munich81377, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan84156-83111, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department
of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan84156-83111, Iran
| | - Arash Kavousighahfarokhi
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jonas Hanisch
- Zentrum
für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg
(ZSW), Meitnerstraße
1, Stuttgart70563, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Reus
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching85748, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr.
1, Garching85748, Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), Munich81377, Germany
- Institute
for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, EdinburghEH9 3FB, U.K.
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5
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Bi and Sn Doping Improved the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155216. [PMID: 35955151 PMCID: PMC9369954 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the most amazing photovoltaic technologies for the future is the organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell, which exhibits excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and can be produced using a straightforward solution technique. Toxic lead in perovskite can be replaced by non-toxic alkaline earth metal cations because they keep the charge balance in the material and some of them match the Goldschmidt rule’s tolerance factor. Therefore, thin films of MAPbI3, 1% Bi and 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% Sn co-doped MAPbI3 were deposited on FTO-glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coating technique. XRD confirmed the co-doping of Bi–Sn in MAPbI3. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had a large grain size. The optical properties were calculated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The 1% Bi and 1% Sn co-doped film had small Eg, which make it a good material for perovskite solar cells. These films were made into perovskite solar cells. The pure MAPbI3 film-based solar cell had a current density (Jsc) of 9.71 MA-cm−2, its open-circuit voltage (Voc) was 1.18 V, its fill factor (FF) was 0.609 and its efficiency (η) was 6.98%. All of these parameters were improved by the co-doping of Bi–Sn. The cell made from a co-doped MAPbI3 film with 1% Bi and 1% Sn had a high efficiency (10.03%).
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Kim G, Kwon N, Lee D, Kim M, Kim M, Lee Y, Kim W, Hyeon D, Kim B, Jeong MS, Hong J, Yang J. Methylammonium Compensation Effects in MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells for High-Quality Inorganic CuSCN Hole Transport Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5203-5210. [PMID: 35050584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) has huge potential as a hole extraction material (HEM) for perovskite solar cells. Here, we used CuSCN as a HEM and analyzed its relationships with a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite layer. The CuSCN dissolved in diethyl sulfide (DES) was spin-coated on the MAPbI3 layer. For high-quality and dense CuSCN layers, post-annealing was carried out at various temperatures and times. However, the unwanted dissociation of MAPbI3 to PbI2 was observed due to the post-annealing for a long time at elevated temperatures. In addition, DES, which is used as a CuSCN solvent, is a polar solvent that damages the surface of MAPbI3 perovskites and causes poor interfacial properties between the perovskite layer and HEM. To solve this problem, the effect of the molar ratio of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2 in the MAPbI3 precursor solution was investigated. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI3 precursor solution reduced MAPbI3 surface damage despite using DES polar solvent for CuSCN solution. In addition, dissociation of MAPbI3 to PbI2 following an adequate post-annealing process was well suppressed. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI3 precursor could be compensated for the MA loss and effectively suppress phase separation from MAPbI3 to MAI + PbI2 during post-annealing. The efficiency based on the normal planar structure of CuSCN/MAPbI3 (using excess MAI)/TiO2 was approximately 17%. The CuSCN-based MAPbI3 device shows more optimized stability than the conventional spiro-OMeTAD under damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity) conditions because of the robust inorganic HEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kwon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- PV Development Team, Samsung SDI, Cheonan-si 30186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhoe Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjei Lee
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - WooJong Kim
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Hyeon
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JungYup Yang
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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7
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Su K, Zhao P, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Yang G, Huang Y, Feng Y, Zhang B. A Porphyrin-Involved Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamide Dendrimer (Por-BTA) as a Multifunctional Interface Material for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14248-14257. [PMID: 33734692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface defects of perovskite films are the major sources of nonradiative recombination which limit the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Surface passivation represents one of the most efficient strategies to solve this problem. Herein, for the first time we designed a porphyrin-involved benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide dendrimer (Por-BTA) as a multifunctional interface material between the interface of the perovskite and the hole-transporting layer (spiro-OMeTAD) for the surface passivation of perovskite films. The results suggested that Por-BTA not only efficiently passivated the perovskite surface defects via the coordination of the exposed Pb2+ with the carbonyl unit and basic sites of pyrrole units in Por-BTA but also improved the interface contact and the charge transfer between the perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD ascribed to the strong intermolecular π-π stacking of Por-BTA. It was shown that the PSC devices with the Por-BTA treatment exhibited improved power conversion efficiency with the champion of 22.30% achieved (21.30% for the control devices), which is mainly attributed to the increased short-circuit current density and fill factor. Interestingly, the stability of moisture for the Por-BTA-treated device was also enhanced compared to those without the Por-BTA treatment. This work presents a promising direction toward the design of multifunctional organic molecules as the interface materials to improve the cell performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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8
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Kausar A, Sattar A, Xu C, Zhang S, Kang Z, Zhang Y. Advent of alkali metal doping: a roadmap for the evolution of perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2696-2736. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal–halide hybrid perovskites have prompted the prosperity of the sustainable energy field and simultaneously demonstrated their great potential in meeting both the growing consumption of energy and the increasing social development requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Kausar
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Abdul Sattar
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Chenzhe Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Suicai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
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