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DiPalo VA, Ahmad R, Ebralidze II, Mapue ND, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Nonconventional Symmetric Double-Side Electrochromic Devices Employing a Nafion Conductive Layer to Unlock Superior Durability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1082-1095. [PMID: 38148284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a methodology to create an effective novel double-sided symmetric architecture of solid-state electrochromic devices. This principally new nonconventional configuration provides access to novel electrochromic systems that could be applicable for the creation of smart double-side signage, smart boards, nonemissive displays, and other smart interactive devices that change their color upon application of a voltage. The proposed configuration is based on the assembly of two identical electrochromic materials facing each other through an opaque optical separator. As a proof of concept, we use an electrochromic material based on bis(4'-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) iron complex, covalently immobilized on screen-printed surface-extended ITO support. The symmetric configuration allows for a drastic enhancement of the overall stability of the device due to both attenuation of the counter electrode polarization and minimization of electrolyte decomposition. A nontransparent ion-permeable separator, in turn, allows observing the color change of only one of the electrodes by cutting off the optical contribution of the electrode located behind it. Further functionalization of the electrochromic material with a thin layer of Nafion is a beneficial strategy to significantly boost up long-term durability of the devices. Applying a layer of Nafion to the electrochromic material results in an increase in ionic conductivity within the device and ensures better retention of electrochromic molecules on the surface, thus minimizing device decomposition during long-term electrochemical cycling. An electrochromic device that bears Nafion-functionalized electrodes can operate (i) in the dual-side mode, where both sides demonstrate effective electrochromic performance; or (ii) in a one-side manner, where only one side of the device changes color. Notably, when operating in the one-side mode, the device withstands 70,000 cycles, after which the performance of the device can be resumed by simply turning the device to the other side (via switching the polarity of the electrodes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria-Ann DiPalo
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Rana Ahmad
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie D Mapue
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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Ranjan Jena S, Mandal T, Choudhury J. Metal-Terpyridine Assembled Functional Materials for Electrochromic, Catalytic and Environmental Applications. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200165. [PMID: 36002341 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular assembly induced by metal-terpyridine-based coordinative interactions has become an emergent research topic due to its ease of synthesis and diverse applications. This article highlights recent significant developments in the metal-terpyridine-based supramolecular architectures. At first, the design aspect of the molecular building blocks has been described, followed by elaboration on how the ligand backbone plays an important role for achieving different dimensionalities of the resulting assemblies which exhibit a wide range of potential applications. After that, we discussed different synthetic approaches for constructing these assemblies, and finally, we focused on their significant developments in three specific areas, viz., electrochromic materials, catalysis and a new application in wastewater treatment. In the field of electrochromic materials, these assemblies made important advancements in various aspects like sub-second switching time (<1 s), low switching voltage (<1 V), increased switching stability (>10000 cycles), tuning of multiple colors by using multimetallic systems, fabrication of charge storing electrochromic devices, utilizing and storing solar energy etc. Similarly, the catalysis field witnessed application of the metal-terpyridine assemblies in C-H monohalogenation, heterogeneous Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, photocatalysis, reduction of carbon dioxide, etc. Finally, the environmental application of these coordination assemblies includes capturing Cr(VI) from waste water efficiently with high capture capacity, good recyclability, wide pH independency etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Ranjan Jena
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Tanmoy Mandal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, India
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Liu X, Li Y, Zeng L, Li X, Chen N, Bai S, He H, Wang Q, Zhang C. A Review on Mechanochemistry: Approaching Advanced Energy Materials with Greener Force. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108327. [PMID: 35015320 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry with solvent-free and environmentally friendly characteristics is one of the most promising alternatives to traditional liquid-phase-based reactions, demonstrating epoch-making significance in the realization of different types of chemistry. Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical energy to promote physical and chemical transformations to design complex molecules and nanostructured materials, encourage dispersion and recombination of multiphase components, and accelerate reaction rates and efficiencies via highly reactive surfaces. In particular, mechanochemistry deserves special attention because it is capable of endowing energy materials with unique characteristics and properties. Herein, the latest advances and progress in mechanochemistry for the preparation and modification of energy materials are reviewed. An outline of the basic knowledge, methods, and characteristics of different mechanochemical strategies is presented, distinguishing this review from most mechanochemistry reviews that only focus on ball-milling. Next, this outline is followed by a detailed and insightful discussion of mechanochemistry-involved energy conversion and storage applications. The discussion comprehensively covers aspects of energy transformations from mechanical/optical/chemical energy to electrical energy. Finally, next-generation advanced energy materials are proposed. This review is intended to bring mechanochemistry to the frontline and guide this burgeoning field of interdisciplinary research for developing advanced energy materials with greener mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shibing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hanna He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Das S, Patra D, Shankar S, Ajayaghosh A. Photocycloaddition as a Tool for Modulation of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature in a Molecular π‐System to Control Transmission of Solar Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207641. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Das
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR— National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR—NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Dipak Patra
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR— National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR—NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR— National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR—NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR— National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR—NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Mukkatt I, Mohanachandran AP, Nirmala A, Patra D, Sukumaran PA, Pillai RS, Rakhi RB, Shankar S, Ajayaghosh A. Tunable Capacitive Behavior in Metallopolymer-based Electrochromic Thin Film Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31900-31910. [PMID: 35791964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric capacitance is a more critical performance parameter for rechargeable power supply in lightweight and microelectronic devices as compared to gravimetric capacitance in larger devices. To this end, we report three electrochromic metallopolymer-based electrode materials containing Fe2+ as the coordinating metal ion with high volumetric capacitance and energy densities in a symmetric two-electrode supercapacitor setup. These metallopolymers exhibited volumetric capacitance up to 866.2 F cm-3 at a constant current density of 0.25 A g-1. The volumetric capacitance (poly-Fe-L2: 544.6 F cm-3 > poly-Fe-L1: 313.8 F cm-3 > poly-Fe-L3: 230.8 F cm-3 at 1 A g-1) and energy densities (poly-Fe-L2: 75.5 mWh cm-3 > poly-Fe-L1: 43.6 mWh cm-3 > poly-Fe-L3: 31.2 mWh cm-3) followed the order of the electrical conductivity of the metallopolymers and are among the best values reported for metal-organic systems. The variation in the ligand structure was key toward achieving different electrical conductivities in these metallopolymers with excellent operational stability under continuous cycling. High volumetric capacitances and energy densities combined with tunable electro-optical properties and electrochromic behavior of these metallopolymers are expected to contribute to high performance and compact microenergy storage systems. We envision that the integration of smart functionalities with thin film supercapacitors would warrant the surge of miniaturized on-chip microsupercapacitors integrated in-plane with other microelectronic devices for wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha Mukkatt
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjana Padmaja Mohanachandran
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Department of Physics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Anjali Nirmala
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipak Patra
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka A Sukumaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Renjith S Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - R B Rakhi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Das S, Patra D, Shankar S, Ajayaghosh A. Photocycloaddition as a Tool for LCST Modulation in a Molecular π‐System to Control Transmission of Solar Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Das
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology CSIR Chemical Sciences and Technology Division INDIA
| | - Dipak Patra
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology CSIR Chemical Sciences and Technology Division INDIA
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology CSIR Chemical Sciences and Technology Division INDIA
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division PappanamcodeIndustrial Estate P. O 695 019 Trivandrum INDIA
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Bera MK, Mohanty S, Kashyap SS, Sarmah S. Electrochromic coordination nanosheets: Achievements and future perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Laschuk NO, Ebralidze II, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Post-Synthetic Color Tuning of the Ultra-Effective and Highly Stable Surface-Confined Electrochromic Monolayer: Shades of Green for Camouflage Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39573-39583. [PMID: 34378920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report here on the strategy for the preparation of a series of electrochromic (EC) materials in green shades designed for camouflage purposes. This top-down post-synthetic modification provides access to new EC materials by fine modulation of the color of the surface-confined metalorganic monolayer pre-deposited on indium tin oxide screen-printed supports. Selective on-surface N-quaternization of the outer pyridine unit of the EC metal complex covalently embedded onto an enhanced surface area electrode results in a bathochromic shift of the absorbance signal as well as visual color change from blue to different shades of green. When assembled into solid-state EC devices (ECDs), the materials demonstrate high color differences between colored and bleached states and significant differences in optical density. Upon electrochemical switching, the ECDs initially featuring different shades of green become yellowish or clay. The accessible gamut of colors, fulfilling the requirements for chameleon-like camouflage materials, is able to mimic conditions of various natural environments including forests and sands. Notably, ECDs demonstrate high long-term durability (95% retention of the performance after 3300 cycles), fast coloration (0.6-1.1 s), and bleaching (1.2-3.3 s) times and outstanding coloration efficiencies of 1018-1513 cm2/C. Importantly, post-synthetic N-quaternization/color tuning does not deteriorate the performance of the resulting EC materials and devices as judged by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work adds to the limited number of reports that explore color tuning of EC molecular layers via on-surface modification with the aim to access new non-symmetric materials. Notably, the facile and straightforward technology presented here allows the creation of green-colored EC materials that are difficult to prepare in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia O Laschuk
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
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Ebralidze II, Zenkina OV. Dynamic electrochromic play via “mix-and-match” reversible metal-ligand interactions. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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