1
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Mariani P, Molina-García MÁ, Barichello J, Zappia MI, Magliano E, Castriotta LA, Gabatel L, Thorat SB, Del Rio Castillo AE, Drago F, Leonardi E, Pescetelli S, Vesce L, Di Giacomo F, Matteocci F, Agresti A, De Giorgi N, Bellani S, Di Carlo A, Bonaccorso F. Low-temperature strain-free encapsulation for perovskite solar cells and modules passing multifaceted accelerated ageing tests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4552. [PMID: 38811579 PMCID: PMC11137052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells promise to be part of the future portfolio of photovoltaic technologies, but their instability is slow down their commercialization. Major stability assessments have been recently achieved but reliable accelerated ageing tests on beyond small-area cells are still poor. Here, we report an industrial encapsulation process based on the lamination of highly viscoelastic semi-solid/highly viscous liquid adhesive atop the perovskite solar cells and modules. Our encapsulant reduces the thermomechanical stresses at the encapsulant/rear electrode interface. The addition of thermally conductive two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride into the polymeric matrix improves the barrier and thermal management properties of the encapsulant. Without any edge sealant, encapsulated devices withstood multifaceted accelerated ageing tests, retaining >80% of their initial efficiency. Our encapsulation is applicable to the most established cell configurations (direct/inverted, mesoscopic/planar), even with temperature-sensitive materials, and extended to semi-transparent cells for building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Barichello
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Erica Magliano
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Gabatel
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering (DIME), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Filippo Drago
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Sara Pescetelli
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole De Giorgi
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- ISM-CNR, Istitute of Structure of Matter, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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2
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Gan Y, Sun J, Guo P, Jiang H, Li J, Zhu H, Fan X, Huang L, Wang Y. Advances in the research of carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16558-16577. [PMID: 37831439 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were first proposed in 2009. They have the advantages of low cost, a simple manufacturing process and excellent photoelectric performance. PSC electrodes are mainly made from precious metals such as gold and silver. Still, the cost of precious metals is high and they react with the other components of the PSCs, resulting in the poor stability of the photovoltaic device. Using carbon as an electrode material can both reduce the cost and significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic device. However, the poor interface contact between the carbon electrode and perovskite and carbon electrode resistance results in poor photovoltaic device photoelectric performance. Finding a way to successfully utilize carbon as an alternative electrode material is a key step toward moving PSCs from the laboratory to industrialization. This paper reviews the application of carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and composite carbon electrode in PSCs, focusing on progress in the research of doping, structure, interface modification and the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Pingchun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Hedong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Jiake Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China
| | - Xueyun Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Liqun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jiangxi 333403, China.
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3
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Bist A, Pant B, Ojha GP, Acharya J, Park M, Saud PS. Novel Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Efficiency, Stability, and Future Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111724. [PMID: 37299626 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy is regarded as the finest clean and green energy generation method to replace fossil fuel-based energy and repair environmental harm. The more expensive manufacturing processes and procedures required to extract the silicon utilized in silicon solar cells may limit their production and general use. To overcome the barriers of silicon, a new energy-harvesting solar cell called perovskite has been gaining widespread attention around the world. The perovskites are scalable, flexible, cost-efficient, environmentally benign, and easy to fabricate. Through this review, readers may obtain an idea about the different generations of solar cells and their comparative advantages and disadvantages, working mechanisms, energy alignment of the various materials, and stability achieved by applying variable temperature, passivation, and deposition methods. Furthermore, it also provides information on novel materials such as carbonaceous, polymeric, and nanomaterials that have been employed in perovskite solar in terms of the different ratios of doping and composite and their optical, electrical, plasmonic, morphological, and crystallinity properties in terms of comparative solar parameters. In addition, information on current trends and future commercialization possibilities of perovskite solar have been briefly discussed based on reported data by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bist
- Department of Chemistry, Kailali Multiple Campus, Farwestern University, Mahendranagar 10400, Nepal
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunendra Prasad Ojha
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Acharya
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Prem Singh Saud
- Department of Chemistry, Kailali Multiple Campus, Farwestern University, Mahendranagar 10400, Nepal
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4
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Stefanelli M, Vesce L, Di Carlo A. Upscaling of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Module. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020313. [PMID: 36678066 PMCID: PMC9863721 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are driving the energy revolution in the coming photovoltaic field. In the last 10 years, PSCs reached efficiency close to the silicon photovoltaic technology by adopting low-cost solution processes. Despite this, the noble metal (such as gold and silver) used in PSCs as a counter electrode made these devices costly in terms of energy, CO2 footprint, and materials. Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) and modules use graphite/carbon-black-based material as the counter electrode. The formulation of low-cost carbon-based inks and pastes makes them suitable for large area coating techniques and hence a solid technology for imminent industrialization. Here, we want to present the upscaling routes of carbon-counter-electrode-based module devices in terms of materials formulation, architectures, and manufacturing processes in order to give a clear vision of the scaling route and encourage the research in this green and sustainable direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Stefanelli
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Nazir G, Lee SY, Lee JH, Rehman A, Lee JK, Seok SI, Park SJ. Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204380. [PMID: 36103603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, which is comparable with their traditional rivals (Si-based solar cells). However, commercialization-worthy efficiency and long-term stability remain a challenge. In this regard, there are increasing studies focusing on the interface engineering in PSC devices to overcome their poor technical readiness. Herein, the roles of electrode materials and interfaces in PSCs are discussed in terms of their PCEs and perovskite stability. All the current knowledge on the factors responsible for the rapid intrinsic and external degradation of PSCs is presented. Then, the roles of carbonaceous materials as substitutes for noble metals are focused on, along with the recent research progress in carbon-based PSCs. Furthermore, a sub-category of PSCs, that is, flexible PSCs, is considered as a type of exceptional power source due to their high power-to-weight ratios and figures of merit for next-generation wearable electronics. Last, the future perspectives and directions for research in PSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Nazir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeela Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tsikritzis D, Chatzimanolis K, Tzoganakis N, Bellani S, Zappia MI, Bianca G, Curreli N, Buha J, Kriegel I, Antonatos N, Sofer Z, Krassas M, Rogdakis K, Bonaccorso F, Kymakis E. Two-dimensional BiTeI as a novel perovskite additive for printable perovskite solar cells. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2022; 6:5345-5359. [PMID: 36776412 PMCID: PMC9907396 DOI: 10.1039/d2se01109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attractive printable, flexible, and cost-effective optoelectronic devices constituting an alternative technology to conventional Si-based ones. The incorporation of low-dimensional materials, such as two-dimensional (2D) materials, into the PSC structure is a promising route for interfacial and bulk perovskite engineering, paving the way for improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability. In this work, we investigate the incorporation of 2D bismuth telluride iodide (BiTeI) flakes as additives in the perovskite active layer, demonstrating their role in tuning the interfacial energy-level alignment for optimum device performance. By varying the concentration of BiTeI flakes in the perovskite precursor solution between 0.008 mg mL-1 and 0.1 mg mL-1, a downward shift in the energy levels of the perovskite results in an optimal alignment of the energy levels of the materials across the cell structure, as supported by device simulations. Thus, the cell fill factor (FF) increases with additive concentration, reaching values greater than 82%, although the suppression of open circuit voltage (V oc) is reported beyond an additive concentration threshold of 0.03 mg mL-1. The most performant devices delivered a PCE of 18.3%, with an average PCE showing a +8% increase compared to the reference devices. This work demonstrates the potential of 2D-material-based additives for the engineering of PSCs via energy level optimization at perovskite/charge transporting layer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsikritzis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chatzimanolis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzoganakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | | | | | - Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego, 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nicola Curreli
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego, 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Joka Buha
- BeDimensional S.p.A. Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genova Italy
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego, 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego, 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 Prague 6 16628 Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 Prague 6 16628 Czech Republic
| | - Miron Krassas
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Konstantinos Rogdakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A. Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genova Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego, 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU) Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
- Institute of Emerging Technologies (i-EMERGE) of HMU Research Center Heraklion 71410 Crete Greece
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7
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Bagheri A, Bellani S, Beydaghi H, Eredia M, Najafi L, Bianca G, Zappia MI, Safarpour M, Najafi M, Mantero E, Sofer Z, Hou G, Pellegrini V, Feng X, Bonaccorso F. Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16426-16442. [PMID: 36194759 PMCID: PMC9620411 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and durable flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSSCs) are emerging as low-cost devices for portable and wearable electronics due to the elimination of leakage of toxic/corrosive liquid electrolytes and their capability to withstand elevated mechanical stresses. Nevertheless, the spread of FSSSCs requires the development of durable and highly conductive solid-state electrolytes, whose electrochemical characteristics must be competitive with those of traditional liquid electrolytes. Here, we propose an innovative composite solid-state electrolyte prepared by incorporating metallic two-dimensional group-5 transition metal dichalcogenides, namely, liquid-phase exfoliated functionalized niobium disulfide (f-NbS2) nanoflakes, into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymeric matrix. The terminal sulfonate groups in f-NbS2 nanoflakes interact with the sulfonic acid groups of SPEEK by forming a robust hydrogen bonding network. Consequently, the composite solid-state electrolyte is mechanically/dimensionally stable even at a degree of sulfonation of SPEEK as high as 70.2%. At this degree of sulfonation, the mechanical strength is 38.3 MPa, and thanks to an efficient proton transport through the Grotthuss mechanism, the proton conductivity is as high as 94.4 mS cm-1 at room temperature. To elucidate the importance of the interaction between the electrode materials (including active materials and binders) and the solid-state electrolyte, solid-state supercapacitors were produced using SPEEK and poly(vinylidene fluoride) as proton conducting and nonconducting binders, respectively. The use of our solid-state electrolyte in combination with proton-conducting SPEEK binder and carbonaceous electrode materials (mixture of activated carbon, single/few-layer graphene, and carbon black) results in a solid-state supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 116 F g-1 at 0.02 A g-1, optimal rate capability (76 F g-1 at 10 A g-1), and electrochemical stability during galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and folding/bending stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bagheri
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Matilde Eredia
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Leyla Najafi
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Milad Safarpour
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Informatica Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Universita Degli Studi di Genova, Via All’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Maedeh Najafi
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Informatica Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Universita Degli Studi di Genova, Via All’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mantero
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Guorong Hou
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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8
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Pitchaiya S, Eswaramoorthy N, Madurai Ramakrishnan V, Natarajan M, Velauthapillai D. Bio-Inspired Graphitic Carbon-Based Large-Area (10 × 10 cm 2) Perovskite Solar Cells: Stability Assessments under Indoor, Outdoor, and Water-Soaked Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43050-43066. [PMID: 36099647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the golden triangle rule includes higher efficiency, longevity (or stability), and low cost, which are the foremost criteria for the root of commercial feasibility. Accordingly, a unique low-cost, ecofriendly, all-solution-processed, "bio-inspired" graphitic carbon (extracted from the most invasive plant species of Eichhornia crassipes: listed as one of the 100 most dangerous species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and a mixed halide perovskite interface-engineered, unique single-cell large-scale (10 × 10 sq.cm with an active area of 88 cm2) carbon-based perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) are demonstrated for the first time, delivering a maximum PCE of 6.32%. Notable performance was observed under low light performance for the interface-engineered champion device fabricated using the layer-to-layer approach, which, even when tested under fluorescent room light condition (at 200 lux of about ∼0.1 SUN illumination), exhibited a significant PCE. In terms of addressing the stability issues in the fabricated PSC devices, the present work has adopted a two-step strategy: the instability toward the extrinsic factors is addressed by encapsulation, and the subsequent intrinsic instability issue is also addressed through interfacial engineering. Surprisingly, when tested under various stability conditions (STC) such as ambient air, light (continuous 1 SUN, under room light illumination (0.1 SUN) and direct sunlight), severe damp up to a depth of ∼25 mm water (cold (∼15 °C) and hot (∼65 °C)), acidic pH (∼5), and alkaline pH (∼11)) conditions, the fabricated large-scale carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-LSPSCs) retained unexpected long-term stability in their performance for over 50 days. As to appraise the performance superiority of the fabricated C-LSPSC devices under various aforesaid testing conditions, a working model of a mini-fan has been practically powered and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Pitchaiya
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
| | - Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Venkatraman Madurai Ramakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 048, India
| | | | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway
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9
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Romano V, Agresti A, Verduci R, D’Angelo G. Advances in Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications in Space. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2022; 7:2490-2514. [PMID: 35990414 PMCID: PMC9380018 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites have emerged as promising light harvesters in photovoltaics. The resulting solar cells (i) are thin and lightweight, (ii) can be produced through solution processes, (iii) mainly use low-cost raw materials, and (iv) can be flexible. These features make perovskite solar cells intriguing as space technologies; however, the extra-terrestrial environment can easily cause the premature failure of devices. In particular, the presence of high-energy radiation is the most dangerous factor that can damage space technologies. This Review discusses the status and perspectives of perovskite photovoltaics in space applications. The main factors used to describe the space environment are introduced, and the results concerning the radiation hardness of perovskites toward protons, electrons, neutrons, and γ-rays are presented. Emphasis is given to the physicochemical processes underlying radiation damage in such materials. Finally, the potential use of perovskite solar cells in extra-terrestrial conditions is discussed by considering the effects of the space environment on the choice of the architecture and components of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Romano
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE
(Center for Hibrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronics
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosaria Verduci
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Angelo
- Department
of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth
Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- CNR,
Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF), 98158 Messina, Italy
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10
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Mombeshora ET, Muchuweni E, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Davies ML, Nyamori VO, Martincigh BS. A review of graphene derivative enhancers for perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2057-2076. [PMID: 36133440 PMCID: PMC9418678 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the finite nature, health and environmental hazards currently associated with the use of fossil energy resources, there is a global drive to hasten the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies. One such area encompasses perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that have shown photoconversion efficiencies (PCE) comparable to silicon-based photovoltaics, but their commercialisation has been set back by short-term stability and toxicity issues, among others. A tremendous potential to overcome these drawbacks is presented by the emerging applications of graphene derivative-based materials in PSCs as substitutes or components, composites with other functional materials, and enhancers of charge transport, blocking action, exciton dissociation, substrate coverage, sensitisation and stabilisation. This review aims to illustrate how these highly capable carbon-based materials can advance PSCs by critically outlining and discussing their current applications and strategically identifying prospective research avenues. The reviewed works show that graphene derivatives have great potential in boosting the performance and stability of PSCs through morphological modifications and compositional engineering. This can drive the sustainability and commercial viability aspects of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin T Mombeshora
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Edigar Muchuweni
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Rodrigo Garcia-Rodriguez
- SPECIFIC IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Matthew L Davies
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
- SPECIFIC IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Vincent O Nyamori
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
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11
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Najafi L, Bellani S, Gabatel L, Zappia MI, Di Carlo A, Bonaccorso F. Reverse-Bias and Temperature Behaviors of Perovskite Solar Cells at Extended Voltage Range. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:1378-1384. [PMID: 35252771 PMCID: PMC8889533 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have reached certified power conversion efficiency over 25%, enabling the realization of efficient large-area modules and even solar farms. It is therefore essential to deal with technical aspects, including the reverse-bias operation and hot-spot effects, which are crucial for the practical implementation of any photovoltaic technology. Here, we analyze the reverse bias (from 2.5 to 30 V) and temperature behavior of mesoscopic cells through infrared thermal imaging coupled with current density measurements. We show that the occurrence of local heating (hot-spots) and arc faults, caused by local shunts, must be considered during cell and module designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Najafi
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Gabatel
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE—Centre
for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Graphene
Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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12
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Vasilopoulou M, Soultati A, Filippatos PP, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK, Palilis LC. Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022; 10:11063-11104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An overview on recent advances in the fundamental understanding of how interfaces of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (mp-PSCs) with different architectures, upon incorporating various charge transport layers, influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Petros-Panagis Filippatos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohhamad Khadja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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13
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Enhanced crystal quality of perovskite via protonated graphitic carbon nitride added in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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15
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Verduci R, Agresti A, Romano V, D’Angelo G. Interface Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells Based on 2D-Materials: A Physics Point of View. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195843. [PMID: 34640240 PMCID: PMC8510142 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the advance of metal halide perovskites as a promising low-cost and efficient class of light harvesters used in solar cells (SCs). Remarkably, the efficiency of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached a power conversion efficiency of 25.5% in just ~10 years of research, rivalling the current record of 26.1% for Si-based PVs. To further boost the performances of PSCs, the use of 2D materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides) has been proposed, thanks to their remarkable optoelectronic properties (that can be tuned with proper chemical composition engineering) and chemical stability. In particular, 2D materials have been demonstrated as promising candidates for (i) accelerating hot carrier transfer across the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge extraction layers; (ii) improving the crystallization of the perovskite layers (when used as additives in the precursor solution); (iii) favoring electronic bands alignment through tuning of the work function. In this mini-review, we discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the increased efficiency of 2D material-based PSCs, focusing on the three aforementioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Verduci
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentino Romano
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Giovanna D’Angelo
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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