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Lin J, Shen C, Cheng Y, Lai OM, Tan CP, Panpipat W, Cheong LZ. Thermo-Switchable Enzyme@Metal-Organic Framework for Selective Biocatalysis and Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39052986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The stimulus-responsive regulation of enzyme catalytic activity and selectivity provides a new opportunity to extend the functionality and efficiency of immobilized enzymes. This work aims to design and synthesize a thermo-switchable enzyme@MOF for size-selective biocatalysis and biosensing through the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) within ZIF-8 functionalized with thermally responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) (CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM). Unlike free CRL, which does not demonstrate substrate selectivity, we can reversibly tune the pore size of the ZIF-8-PNIPAM nanostructures (open pores or blocked pores) through temperature stimulus and subsequently modulate the substrate selectivity of CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM. CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM had the highest hydrolytic activity for small molecules (12 mM p-nitrophenol/mg protein/min, 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NP Be)) and the lowest hydrolytic activity for large molecules (0.16 mM p-nitrophenol/mg protein/min, 4-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NP P)). In addition, CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM demonstrated thermo-switchable behavior for large molecules (p-NP P). The p-NP P hydrolytic activity of CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM was significantly lower at 40 °C (blocked pores) than at 27 °C (open pores). However, the transition of blocked pores and open pores is a gradual process that resulted in a delay in the "thermo-switchable" catalytic behavior of CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM during thermal cycling. CRL@ZIF-8-PNIPAM was also successfully used for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for the selective biosensing of pesticides with different molecular sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Lin
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Cai Shen
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Yongfa Cheng
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Oi-Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence Department of Agro-Industry, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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2
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Zheng G, Yang J, Zhou L, Sinelshchikova A, Lei Q, Lin J, Wuttke S, Jeffrey Brinker C, Zhu W. Multivariate Silicification-Assisted Single Enzyme Structure Augmentation for Improved Enzymatic Activity-Stability Trade-Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406110. [PMID: 38711195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The ability to finely tune/balance the structure and rigidity of enzymes to realize both high enzymatic activity and long-term stability is highly desired but highly challenging. Herein, we propose the concept of the "silicazyme", where solid inorganic silica undergoes controlled hybridization with the fragile enzyme under moderate conditions at the single-enzyme level, thus enabling simultaneous structure augmentation, long-term stability, and high enzymatic activity preservation. A multivariate silicification approach was utilized and occurred around individual enzymes to allow conformal coating. To realize a high activity-stability trade-off the structure flexibility/rigidity of the silicazyme was optimized by a component adjustment ternary (CAT) plot method. Moreover, the multivariate organosilica frameworks bring great advantages, including surface microenvironment adjustability, reversible modification capability, and functional extensibility through the rich chemistry of silica. Overall silicazymes represent a new class of enzymes with promise for catalysis, separations, and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansheng Zheng
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Anna Sinelshchikova
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHUSciencePark, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Qi Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHUSciencePark, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Wu Z, Ye Y, Guo Z, Wu X, Zhang L, Huang Z, Chen F. Stereoselective reduction of diarylmethanones via a ketoreductase@metal-organic framework. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5198-5204. [PMID: 38864364 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Mainly owing to their well-defined pore structures and high surface areas, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently become a versatile class of materials for enzyme immobilization. Nevertheless, most previous studies were focused on model enzymes such as cytochrome c, catalase, and glucose oxidase, with the application of MOF-derived biocomposites for (asymmetric) organic synthesis being rare. In the present work, the immobilization of the ketoreductase KmCR2 onto the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), a prominent type of MOF, was pursued using the controlled co-precipitation strategy, with a low 2-methylimidazole (2-mIM)/Zn molar ratio of 8 : 1 being employed. Such fabricated biocomposites denoted as KmCR2@ZIF were found to exist mainly in an amorphous phase, as suggested by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. Improved thermal and storage stabilities were observed for KmCR2@ZIF compared with the free enzyme. Stereoselective reduction of nine diarylmethanones 1 catalyzed by KmCR2@ZIF was performed, and the corresponding enantioenriched diarylmethanols 2 were afforded in 40-92% conversions with good to excellent optical purities (up to >99% ee). Critically, the current work demonstrated that the unique characteristic of KmCR2, namely the substituent position-controlled stereospecificity (meta versus para or ortho), was not altered upon the enzyme immobilization onto the ZIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yangtian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Guo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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4
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Ran L, Lin Y, Su G, Yang Z, Teng H. Co-Immobilization of ADH and GDH on Metal-Organic-Framework: An Effective Biocatalyst for Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400147. [PMID: 38629211 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chiral alcohols are not only important building blocks of various bioactive natural compounds and pharmaceuticals, but can serve as synthetic precursors for other valuable organic chemicals, thus the synthesis of these products is of great importance. Bio-catalysis represents one effective way to obtain these molecules, however, the weak stability and high cost of enzymes often hinder its broad application. In this work, we designed a biological nanoreactor by embedding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in metal-organic-framework ZIF-8. The biocatalyst ADH&GDH@ZIF-8 could be applied to the asymmetric reduction of a series of ketones to give chiral alcohols in high yields (up to 99 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (>99 %). In addition, the heterogeneous biocatalyst could be recycled and reused at least four times with slight activity decline. Moreover, E. coli containing ADH and GDH was immobilized by ZIF-8 to form biocatalyst E. coli@ZIF-8, which also exhibits good catalytic behaviours. Finally, the chiral alcohols are further converted to marketed drugs (R)-Fendiline, (S)-Rivastigmine and NPS R-568 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ran
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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5
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Liu Y, Cui S, Ma W, Wu Y, Xin R, Bai Y, Chen Z, Xu J, Ge J. Direct Imaging of Protein Clusters in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12565-12576. [PMID: 38661569 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein@metal-organic frameworks (P@MOFs) prepared by coprecipitation of protein, metal ions, and organic ligands represent an effective method for protein stabilization with a wide spectrum of applications. However, the formation mechanism of P@MOFs via the coprecipitation process and the reason why proteins can retain their biological activity in the frameworks with highly concentrated metal ions remain unsettled. Here, by a combined methodology of single molecule localization microscopy and clustering analysis, we discovered that in this process enzyme molecules form clusters with metal ions and organic ligands, contributing to both the nucleation and subsequent crystal growth. We proposed that the clusters played an important role in the retention of overall enzymatic activity by sacrificing protein molecules on the cluster surface. This work offers fresh perspectives on protein behaviors in the formation of P@MOFs, inspiring future endeavors in the design and development of artificial bionanocomposites with high biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shitong Cui
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruobing Xin
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxiu Bai
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Zhao B, Yang H, Mao J, Zhou Q, Deng Q, Zheng L, Shi J. Hollow Hierarchical Porous and Antihydrolytic Spherical Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Enzyme Encapsulation and Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9466-9482. [PMID: 38324654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The creation of a new metal-organic framework (MOF) with a hollow hierarchical porous structure has gained significant attention in the realm of enzyme immobilization. The present work employed a novel, facile, and effective combinatorial technique to synthesize modified MOF (N-PVP/HZIF-8) with a hierarchically porous core-shell structure, allowing for the preservation of the structural integrity of the encapsulated enzyme molecules. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and other characterization tools were used to fully explore the changes of morphological structure and surface properties in different stages of the preparation of immobilization enzyme CRL-N-PVP/HZIF-8, thus showing the superiority of N-PVP/HZIF-8 as an enzyme immobilization platform and the logic of the immobilization process on the carrier. Additionally, the maximum enzyme loading was 216.3 mg mL-1, the relative activity of CRL-N-PVP/HZIF-8 increased by 15 times compared with the CRL@ZIF-8 immobilized in situ, and exhibited quite good thermal, chemical, and operational stability. With a maximal conversion of 88.8%, CRL-N-PVP/HZIF-8 demonstrated good catalytic performance in the biosynthesis of phytosterol esters as a proof of concept. It is anticipated that this work will offer fresh concepts from several perspectives for the creation of MOF-based immobilized enzymes for biotechnological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Haowen Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crop, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crop, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crop, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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7
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Kalhor HR, Piraman Z, Fathali Y. Hen egg white lysozyme encapsulated in ZIF-8 for performing promiscuous enzymatic Mannich reaction. iScience 2023; 26:107807. [PMID: 37744039 PMCID: PMC10514465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was exploited for the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds through a direct and three-component Mannich reaction in aqueous, confirming high chemoselectivity toward imine. In order to further extend the applications of the enzyme, HEWL was encapsulated using a metal-organic framework (MOF). The reactivity, stereoselectivity, and reusability of the encapsulated enzyme were investigated. The reaction was significantly enhanced as compared to the non-encapsulated enzyme. A mutated version of the enzyme, containing Asp52Ala (D52A), lacking important catalytical residue, has lost the bacterial site activity against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) while the D52A variant displayed an increased rate of the Mannich reaction, indicating a different catalytical residue involved in the promiscuous reaction. Based on site-directed mutagenesis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic studies, it was proposed that π-stacking, H-bond interactions, and the presence of water in the active site may play crucial roles in the mechanism of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Kalhor
- Biochemistry and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Piraman
- Biochemistry and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Fathali
- Biochemistry and Chemical Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Zhang H, Nie M, Gu Z, Xin Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Shi G. Preparation of water-insoluble lignin nanoparticles by deep eutectic solvent and its application as a versatile and biocompatible support for the immobilization of α-amylase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125975. [PMID: 37494993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant biopolymers, lignin is a widely available resource. However, its potential largely remains untapped, with most of it ending up as waste from industries like paper production, pulp processing, and bio-refining. The research undertaken in this study focused on the extraction of lignin from agroforestry waste using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a carrier for α-amylase immobilization, resulting in high stability and reusability. Several techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were employed to examine the structure and morphology of both the extracted lignin and the immobilized enzyme. The temperature used to recover lignin by DES would affect immobilization efficiency and enzyme loading by influencing its specific surface area, pore size, and volume distribution. Investigations using Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) uncovered that the hydroxyl groups in G, H, and S units and the β-O-4 structure of lignin primarily serve as binding sites for enzyme molecules. Immobilized α-amylase demonstrated a higher pH and thermal stability level, with an optimal pH of 7.0 and temperature of 100 °C, compared to the free enzyme, which exhibited optimal activity at a pH of 6.5 and temperature of 90 °C. Importantly, immobilized α-amylase retained >80 % of its initial activity even after 28 days at room temperature, and it maintained 70 % of its activity after being reused 12 times. These findings strongly suggest that lignin derived from agroforestry residues holds promising potential as a future versatile immobilization material, a prospect integral to society's sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Mingfu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China.
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
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9
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Liang W, Flint K, Yao Y, Wu J, Wang L, Doonan C, Huang J. Enhanced Bioactivity of Enzyme/MOF Biocomposite via Host Framework Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20365-20374. [PMID: 37671920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the successful development of a sustainable synthesis protocol for a phase-pure metal azolate framework (MAF-6) and its application in enzyme immobilization. An esterase@MAF-6 biocomposite was synthesized, and its catalytic performance was compared with that of esterase@ZIF-8 and esterase@ZIF-90 in transesterification reactions. Esterase@MAF-6, with its large pore aperture, showed superior enzymatic performance compared to esterase@ZIF-8 and esterase@ZIF-90 in catalyzing transesterification reactions using both n-propanol and benzyl alcohol as reactants. The hydrophobic nature of the MAF-6 platform was shown to activate the immobilized esterase into its open-lid conformation, which exhibited a 1.5- and 4-times enzymatic activity as compared to free esterase in catalyzing transesterification reaction using n-propanol and benzyl alcohol, respectively. The present work offers insights into the potential of MAF-6 as a promising matrix for enzyme immobilization and highlights the need to explore MOF matrices with expanded pore apertures to broaden their practical applications in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Kate Flint
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yuchen Yao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Christian Doonan
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
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10
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Kumari S, Howlett TS, Ehrman RN, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Wijesundara YH, Gassensmith JJ. In vivo biocompatibility of ZIF-8 for slow release via intranasal administration. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5774-5782. [PMID: 37265713 PMCID: PMC10231336 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is becoming popular in research for its potential in antigen protection and for providing a thermally stable, slow-release platform. While papers applying this material for immunological applications are aplenty in the literature, studies that explore the biosafety of ZIF-8 in mammals-especially when administered intranasally-are not well represented. We checked the body clearance of uncoated and ZIF-8-coated liposomes and observed that the release slowed as ZIF-8 is easily degraded by mucosal fluid in the nasal cavity. We delivered varying doses of ZIF-8, checked its short- and long-term effects on diagnostic proteins found in blood serum, and found no noticeable differences from the saline control group. We also studied their lung diffusing capacity and tissue morphology; neither showed significant changes in morphology or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ryanne N Ehrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
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11
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Fernando D, Mathesh M, Cai J, Yang W. In Situ Immobilization of Multi-Enzymes for Enhanced Substrate Channeling of Enzyme Cascade Reactions: A Nanoarchitectonics Approach by Directed Metal-Organic Frameworks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37229646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rationally tailoring a controlled spatial organization of enzymes in a nanoarchitecture for multi-enzyme cascade reactions can enhance the catalytic efficiency via substrate channeling. However, attaining substrate channeling is a grand challenge, requiring sophisticated techniques. Herein, we report facile polymer-directed metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanoarchitechtonics for realizing a desirable enzyme architecture with significantly enhanced substrate channeling. The new method involves the use of poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PADD) as a modulator in a one-step process for simultaneous MOF synthesis and co-immobilization of enzymes (GOx and HRP). The resultant enzymes-PADD@MOFs constructs showed a closely packed nanoarchitecture with enhanced substrate channeling. A transient time close to 0 s was observed, owing to a short diffusion path for substrates in a 2D spindle-shaped structure and their direct transfer from one enzyme to another. This enzyme cascade reaction system showed a 3.5-fold increase in catalytic activity in comparison to free enzymes. The findings provide a new insight into using polymer-directed MOF-based enzyme nanoarchitectures to improve catalytic efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulini Fernando
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Motilal Mathesh
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jackie Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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12
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Wang Y, Morrissey JJ, Gupta P, Chauhan P, Pachynski RK, Harris PK, Chaudhuri A, Singamaneni S. Preservation of Proteins in Human Plasma through Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18598-18607. [PMID: 37015072 PMCID: PMC10484212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cold chain systems of collection, transportation, and storage of biofluid specimens for eventual analysis pose a huge financial and environmental burden. These systems are impractical in pre-hospital and resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are not reliable or even available. Here, we develop an innovative technology using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel class of organic-inorganic hybrids with high thermal stability, as encapsulates for preserving the integrity of protein biomarkers in biofluids under ambient or non-refrigerated storage conditions. We encapsulate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in whole patient plasma using hydrophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) for preservation at 40 °C for 4 weeks and eventual on-demand reconstitution for antibody-based assays with recovery above 95% compared to storage at -20 °C. Without ZIF-90 encapsulation, only 10-30% of the PSA immunoactivity remained. Furthermore, we demonstrate encapsulation of multiple cancer biomarker proteins in whole patient plasma using ZIF-8 or ZIF-90 encapsulants for eventual on-demand reconstitution and analysis after 1 week at 40 °C. Overall, MOF encapsulation of patient biofluids is important as climate change may be affecting the stability and increase costs of maintaining biospecimen cold chain custody for the collection, transportation, and storage of biospecimens prior to analysis or for biobanking regardless of any countries' affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Pradeep Chauhan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Russell K. Pachynski
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Peter K. Harris
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Aadel Chaudhuri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
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13
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Hafner MR, Villanova L, Carraro F. App-based quantification of crystal phases and amorphous content in ZIF biocomposites. CrystEngComm 2022; 24:7266-7271. [PMID: 36353391 PMCID: PMC9595036 DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The performance of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as protective hosts for proteins in drug delivery or biocatalysis strongly depends on the type of crystalline phase used for the encapsulation of the biomacromolecule (biomacromolecule@ZIF). Therefore, quantifying the different crystal phases and the amount of amorphous content of ZIFs is becoming increasingly important for a better understanding of the structure-property relationship. Typically, crystalline ZIF phases are qualitatively identified from diffraction patterns. However, accurate phase examinations are time-consuming and require specialized expertise. Here, we propose a calibration procedure (internal standard ZrO2) for the rapid and quantitative analysis of crystalline and amorphous ZIF phases from diffraction patterns. We integrated the procedure into a user-friendly web application, named ZIF Phase Analysis, which facilitates ZIF-based data analysis. As a result, it is now possible to quantify i) the relative amount of various common crystal phases (sodalite, diamondoid, ZIF-CO3-1, ZIF-EC-1, U12 and ZIF-L) in biomacromolecule@ZIF biocomposites based on Zn2+ and 2-methylimidazole (HmIM) and ii) the crystalline-to-amorphous ratio. This new analysis tool will advance the research on ZIF biocomposites for drug delivery and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hafner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Laura Villanova
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
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14
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Huang S, Chen G, Ouyang G. Confining enzymes in porous organic frameworks: from synthetic strategy and characterization to healthcare applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6824-6863. [PMID: 35852480 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of natural catalysts with high efficiency, specificity, and selectivity unmatched by their synthetic counterparts and dictate a myriad of reactions that constitute various cascades in living cells. The development of suitable supports is significant for the immobilization of structurally flexible enzymes, enabling biomimetic transformation in the extracellular environment. Accordingly, porous organic frameworks, including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), have emerged as ideal supports for the immobilization of enzymes because of their structural features including ultrahigh surface area, tailorable porosity, and versatile framework compositions. Specially, organic framework-encased enzymes have shown significant enhancement in stability and reusability, and their tailorable pore opening provides a gatekeeper-like effect for guest sieving, which is beneficial for mimicking intracellular biocatalysis processes. This immobilization technique brings new insight into the development of next-generation enzyme materials and shows huge potential in healthcare applications, such as biomarker diagnosis, biostorage, and cancer and antibacterial therapies. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the structural immobilization of enzymes using the well-explored MOFs and burgeoning COFs and HOFs as scaffolds, with special emphasis on how these porous framework-confined technologies can provide a favorable microenvironment for mimicking natural biocatalysis. Subsequently, advanced characterization techniques for enzyme conformation, the effect of the confined microenvironment on the activity of enzymes, and the emerging healthcare applications will be surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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15
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Metal-organic framework nanoreactor-based electrochemical biosensor coupled with three-dimensional DNA walker for label-free detection of microRNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114188. [PMID: 35339822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), serving as the regulators for gene expression and cellular function, have emerged as the important biomarkers for diagnosis of cancers. In this study, a label-free electrochemical biosensing platform equipped with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based nanoreactors has been developed by coupling three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker for amplification detection of miRNA. The MOF-based nanoreactors are constructed via the encapsulation of GOx in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) driven by the rapid GOx-triggered nucleation of ZIF-8 with high catalytic activity, which also contributes to preserve the biological activity of GOx even in harsh environments. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are further loaded on the surface of ZIF-8 by electrostatic adsorption, which can be used to not only anchor the orbit of 3D DNA walker by Au-S covalent bond but also promote the electron transfer on electrode interface. In the presence of target miRNA-21, the 3D DNA walker is initiated, resulting in the recycling of targets and the immobilization of numerous fuel DNAs with G-quadruplex/hemin complex on the nanoreactors spontaneously. As a result, a cascade catalysis reaction is triggered in the confined space of ZIF-8 nanoreactors, where the H2O2 as an intermediate is generated with the oxidization of glucose catalyzed by GOx and subsequently decomposed by G-quadruplex/hemin HRP-mimicking DNAzyme for the further oxidation of ABTS to obtain a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed electrochemical biosensor exhibits an excellent performance for amplification detection of miRNA-21 in the dynamic working range from 0.1 nM to 10 μM with a detection limit of 29 pM, which opens a new way for clinical analysis of miRNAs and early diagnosis of cancers.
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16
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Soltani S, Akhbari K. Facile and single-step entrapment of chloramphenicol in ZIF-8 and evaluation of its performance in killing infectious bacteria with high loading content and controlled release of the drug. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CLN@ZIF-8 was prepared by trapping chloramphenicol during ZIF-8 synthesis with high DLC and DLE. It showed H2O2-sensitive controlled release with higher drug release under the simulated infectious conditions and short-time antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Soltani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Akhbari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Huang Z, Han J, Xie G, Liu J. A sensor array based on DNA-wrapped bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for detection of ATP hydrolysis products. NANOSCALE 2021; 14:26-34. [PMID: 34897352 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05982c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most current biosensors were designed for the detection of individual analytes, or a group of chemically similar analytes. We reason that sensors designed to track both reactants and products might be useful for following chemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key biomolecule that participates in various biochemical reactions, and its hydrolysis plays a fundamental role in life. ATP can be converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) via the dephosphorylation process. ATP can also be hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi) through depyrophosphorylation, depending on where the bond is cleaved. The detection of ATP-related hydrolysates would enable a better understanding of the different reaction pathways with a high level of robustness and confidence. Herein, we prepared a fluorescent sensor array based on a series of bimetallic zeolite imidazole frameworks M/ZIF-8 (M = Ni, Mn, Cu) and ZIF-67 to discriminate ATP hydrolysis and detect ATP hydrolysis related analytes. A fluorescently-labeled DNA oligonucleotide was used for signaling. Interestingly, Cu/ZIF-8 exhibited an ultrahigh selectivity for recognizing pyrophosphate with a detection limit of 2.5 μM. Moreover, the practicality of this sensor array was demonstrated in fetal bovine serum, clearly discriminating ATP hydrolysis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Xumei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Tocco D, Carucci C, Todde D, Shortall K, Otero F, Sanjust E, Magner E, Salis A. Enzyme immobilization on metal organic frameworks: Laccase from Aspergillus sp. is better adapted to ZIF-zni rather than Fe-BTC. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112147. [PMID: 34634655 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laccase from Aspergillus sp. (LC) was immobilized within Fe-BTC and ZIF-zni metal organic frameworks through a one-pot synthesis carried out under mild conditions (room temperature and aqueous solution). The Fe-BTC, ZIF-zni MOFs, and the LC@Fe-BTC, LC@ZIF-zni immobilized LC samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax) and the specific activity of the free and immobilized laccase were determined. Immobilized LCs resulted in a lower specific activity compared with that of the free LC (7.7 µmol min-1 mg-1). However, LC@ZIF-zni was almost 10 times more active than LC@Fe-BTC (1.32 µmol min-1 mg-1 vs 0.17 µmol min-1 mg-1) and only 5.8 times less active than free LC. The effect of enzyme loading showed that LC@Fe-BTC had an optimal loading of 45.2 mg g-1, at higher enzyme loadings the specific activity decreased. In contrast, the specific activity of LC@ZIF-zni increased linearly over the loading range investigated. The storage stability of LC@Fe-BTC was low with a significant decrease in activity after 5 days, while LC@ZIF retained up to 50% of its original activity after 30 days storage. The difference in activity and stability between LC@Fe-BTC and LC@ZIF-zni is likely due to release of Fe3+ and the low stability of Fe-BTC MOF. Together, these results indicate that ZIF-zni is a superior support for the immobilization of laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tocco
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Italy; Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Cristina Carucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Italy; Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Debora Todde
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Kim Shortall
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Fernando Otero
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Italy; Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Italy; Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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19
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Abstract
The industrial use of enzymes generally necessitates their immobilization onto solid supports. The well-known high affinity of enzymes for metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, together with the great versatility of MOFs in terms of structure, composition, functionalization and synthetic approaches, has led the scientific community to develop very different strategies for the immobilization of enzymes in/on MOFs. This review focuses on one of these strategies, namely, the one-pot enzyme immobilization within sustainable MOFs, which is particularly enticing as the resultant biocomposite Enzyme@MOFs have the potential to be: (i) prepared in situ, that is, in just one step; (ii) may be synthesized under sustainable conditions: with water as the sole solvent at room temperature with moderate pHs, etc.; (iii) are able to retain high enzyme loading; (iv) have negligible protein leaching; and (v) give enzymatic activities approaching that given by the corresponding free enzymes. Moreover, this methodology seems to be near-universal, as success has been achieved with different MOFs, with different enzymes and for different applications. So far, the metal ions forming the MOF materials have been chosen according to their low price, low toxicity and, of course, their possibility for generating MOFs at room temperature in water, in order to close the cycle of economic, environmental and energy sustainability in the synthesis, application and disposal life cycle.
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