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Sousa FB, Nadas R, Martins R, Barboza APM, Soares JS, Neves BRA, Silvestre I, Jorio A, Malard LM. Disentangling doping and strain effects at defects of grown MoS 2 monolayers with nano-optical spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12923-12933. [PMID: 38805074 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The role of defects in two-dimensional semiconductors and how they affect the intrinsic properties of these materials have been a widely researched topic over the past few decades. Optical characterization techniques such as photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies are important tools to probe the physical properties of semiconductors and the impact of defects. However, confocal optical techniques present a spatial resolution limitation lying in a μm-scale, which can be overcome by the use of near-field optical measurements. Here, we use tip-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies to unveil the nanoscale optical properties of grown MoS2 monolayers, revealing that the impact of doping and strain can be disentangled by the combination of both techniques. A noticeable enhancement of the exciton peak intensity corresponding to trion emission quenching is observed at narrow regions down to a width of 47 nm at grain boundaries related to doping effects. Besides, localized strain fields inside the sample lead to non-uniformities in the intensity and energy position of photoluminescence peaks. Finally, two distinct MoS2 samples present different nano-optical responses at their edges associated with opposite strains. The edge of the first sample shows a photoluminescence intensity enhancement and energy blueshift corresponding to a frequency blueshift for E2g and 2LA Raman modes. In contrast, the other sample displays a photoluminescence energy redshift and frequency red shifts for E2g and 2LA Raman modes at their edges. Our work highlights the potential of combining tip-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies to probe localized strain fields and doping effects related to defects in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico B Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Nadas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
- FabNS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Rafael Martins
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Barboza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Bernardo R A Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Ive Silvestre
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro M Malard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
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2
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Mishra S, Liu F, Shakthivel D, Rai B, Georgiev V. Molecular dynamics simulation-based study to analyse the properties of entrapped water between gold and graphene 2D interfaces. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2371-2379. [PMID: 38694470 PMCID: PMC11059550 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Heterostructures based on graphene and other 2D materials have received significant attention in recent years. However, it is challenging to fabricate them with an ultra-clean interface due to unwanted foreign molecules, which usually get introduced during their transfer to a desired substrate. Clean nanofabrication is critical for the utilization of these materials in 2D nanoelectronics devices and circuits, and therefore, it is important to understand the influence of the "non-ideal" interface. Inspired by the wet-transfer process of the CVD-grown graphene, herein, we present an atomistic simulation of the graphene-Au interface, where water molecules often get trapped during the transfer process. By using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the structural variations of the trapped water and the traction-separation curve derived from the graphene-Au interface at 300 K. We observed the formation of an ice-like structure with square-ice patterns when the thickness of the water film was <5 Å. This could cause undesirable strain in the graphene layer and hence affect the performance of devices developed from it. We also observed that at higher thicknesses the water film is predominantly present in the liquid state. The traction separation curve showed that the adhesion of graphene is better in the presence of an ice-like structure. This study explains the behaviour of water confined at the nanoscale region and advances our understanding of the graphene-Au interface in 2D nanoelectronics devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mishra
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ Glasgow UK
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ Glasgow UK
| | | | - Beena Rai
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited Pune 411013 India
| | - Vihar Georgiev
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ Glasgow UK
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3
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Huynh T, Ngo TD, Choi H, Choi M, Lee W, Nguyen TD, Tran TT, Lee K, Hwang JY, Kim J, Yoo WJ. Analysis of p-Type Doping in Graphene Induced by Monolayer-Oxidized TMDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3694-3702. [PMID: 38214703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Doping is one of the most difficult technological challenges for realizing reliable two-dimensional (2D) material-based semiconductor devices, arising from their ultrathinness. Here, we systematically investigate the impact of different types of nonstoichiometric solid MOx (M are W or Mo) dopants obtained by oxidizing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs: WSe2 or MoS2) formed on graphene FETs, which results in p-type doping along with disorders. From the results obtained in this study, we were able to suggest an analytical technique to optimize the optimal UV-ozone (UVO) treatment to achieve high p-type doping concentration in graphene FETs (∼2.5 × 1013 cm-2 in this study) without generating defects, mainly by analyzing the time dependency of D and D' peaks measured by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, an analysis of the structure of graphene sheets using TEM indicates that WOx plays a better protective role in graphene, compared to MoOx, suggesting that WOx is more effective for preventing the degradation of graphene during UVO treatment. To enhance the practical application aspect of our work, we have fabricated a graphene photodetector by selectively doping the graphene through oxidized TMDs, creating a p-n junction, which resulted in improved photoresponsivity compared to the intrinsic graphene device. Our results offer a practical guideline for the utilization of surface charge transfer doping of graphene toward CMOS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Huynh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Tien Dat Ngo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Hyungyu Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Minsup Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Wonki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeolabuk-do 55324, Korea
| | - Tuan Dung Nguyen
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Trang Thu Tran
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Kwangro Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeolabuk-do 55324, Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
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4
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Nam J, Lee GY, Lee DY, Sung D, Hong S, Jang AR, Kim KS. Tailored Synthesis of Heterogenous 2D TMDs and Their Spectroscopic Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:248. [PMID: 38334519 PMCID: PMC10856291 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) show great potential across various applications. However, synthesizing large-scale structures poses challenges owing to the intricate growth parameters, forming unexpected hybrid film structures. Thus, precision in synthesis and thorough structural analysis are essential aspects. In this study, we successfully synthesized large-scale structured 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) via chemical vapor deposition using metal oxide (WO3 and MoO3) thin films and a diluted H2S precursor, individual MoS2, WS2 films and various MoS2/WS2 hybrid films (Type I: MoxW1-xS2 alloy; Type II: MoS2/WS2 vdWH; Type III: MoS2 dots/WS2). Structural analyses, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cross-sectional imaging revealed that the A1g and E2g modes of WS2 and MoS2 were sensitive to structural variations, enabling hybrid structure differentiation. Type II showed minimal changes in the MoS2's A1g mode, while Types I and III exhibited a ~2.8 cm-1 blue shift. Furthermore, the A1g mode of WS2 in Type I displayed a 1.4 cm-1 red shift. These variations agreed with the TEM-observed microstructural features, demonstrating strain effects on the MoS2-WS2 interfaces. Our study provides insights into the structural features of diverse hybrid TMD materials, facilitating their differentiation through Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtae Nam
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongchul Sung
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Suklyun Hong
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - A-Rang Jang
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
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5
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Smyth CM, Cain JM, Boehm A, Ohlhausen JA, Lam MN, Yan X, Liu SE, Zeng TT, Sangwan VK, Hersam MC, Chou SS, Ohta T, Lu TM. Direct Characterization of Buried Interfaces in 2D/3D Heterostructures Enabled by GeO 2 Release Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2847-2860. [PMID: 38170963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Inconsistent interface control in devices based on two-dimensional materials (2DMs) has limited technological maturation. Astounding variability of 2D/three-dimensional (2D/3D) interface properties has been reported, which has been exacerbated by the lack of direct investigations of buried interfaces commonly found in devices. Herein, we demonstrate a new process that enables the assembly and isolation of device-relevant heterostructures for buried interface characterization. This is achieved by implementing a water-soluble substrate (GeO2), which enables deposition of many materials onto the 2DM and subsequent heterostructure release by dissolving the GeO2 substrate. Here, we utilize this novel approach to compare how the chemistry, doping, and strain in monolayer MoS2 heterostructures fabricated by direct deposition vary from those fabricated by transfer techniques to show how interface properties differ with the heterostructure fabrication method. Direct deposition of thick Ni and Ti films is found to react with the monolayer MoS2. These interface reactions convert 50% of MoS2 into intermetallic species, which greatly exceeds the 10% conversion reported previously and 0% observed in transfer-fabricated heterostructures. We also measure notable differences in MoS2 carrier concentration depending on the heterostructure fabrication method. Direct deposition of thick Au, Ni, and Al2O3 films onto MoS2 increases the hole concentration by >1012 cm-2 compared to heterostructures fabricated by transferring MoS2 onto these materials. Thus, we demonstrate a universal method to fabricate 2D/3D heterostructures and expose buried interfaces for direct characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Cain
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Alex Boehm
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - James A Ohlhausen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mila Nhu Lam
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie E Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas T Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stanley S Chou
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Taisuke Ohta
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tzu-Ming Lu
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
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6
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Juo JY, Kern K, Jung SJ. Investigation of Interface Interactions Between Monolayer MoS 2 and Metals: Implications on Strain and Surface Roughness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1277-1285. [PMID: 38171366 PMCID: PMC10795178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a low contact resistance has been an important issue in the design of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor-metal interfaces. The metal contact resistance is dominated by interfacial interactions. Here, we systematically investigate 2D semiconductor-metal interfaces formed by transferring monolayer MoS2 onto prefabricated metal surfaces, such as Au and Pd, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In contrast to the MoS2/HOPG interface, the interfaces of MoS2/Au and MoS2/Pd feature the formation of weak covalent bonds. The XPS spectra reveal distinct peak positions for S-Au and S-Pd, indicating a higher doping concentration at the S-Au interface. This difference is a key factor in understanding the electronic interactions at the metal-MoS2 interfaces. Additionally, we observe that the metal surface roughness is a critical determinant of the adhesion behavior of transferred monolayer MoS2, resulting in different strains and doping concentrations. The strain on transferred MoS2 increases with an increase in substrate roughness. However, the strain is released when the roughness of metal surface surpasses a certain threshold. The dependence of the contact material and the influence of the substrate roughness on the contact interface provide critical information for improving 2D semiconductor-metal contacts and device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jz-Yuan Juo
- Max-Planck-Institut
Für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck-Institut
Für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
- École
Poly Technique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut de Physique, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Soon Jung Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut
Für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
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7
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Panasci SE, Deretzis I, Schilirò E, La Magna A, Roccaforte F, Koos A, Nemeth M, Pécz B, Cannas M, Agnello S, Giannazzo F. Interface Properties of MoS 2 van der Waals Heterojunctions with GaN. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:133. [PMID: 38251098 PMCID: PMC10818867 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The combination of the unique physical properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with those of gallium nitride (GaN) and related group-III nitride semiconductors have recently attracted increasing scientific interest for the realization of innovative electronic and optoelectronic devices. A deep understanding of MoS2/GaN interface properties represents the key to properly tailor the electronic and optical behavior of devices based on this heterostructure. In this study, monolayer (1L) MoS2 was grown on GaN-on-sapphire substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 700 °C. The structural, chemical, vibrational, and light emission properties of the MoS2/GaN heterostructure were investigated in detail by the combination of microscopic/spectroscopic techniques and ab initio calculations. XPS analyses on as-grown samples showed the formation of stoichiometric MoS2. According to micro-Raman spectroscopy, monolayer MoS2 domains on GaN exhibit an average n-type doping of (0.11 ± 0.12) × 1013 cm-2 and a small tensile strain (ε ≈ 0.25%), whereas an intense light emission at 1.87 eV was revealed by PL analyses. Furthermore, a gap at the interface was shown by cross-sectional TEM analysis, confirming the van der Waals (vdW) bond between MoS2 and GaN. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the heterostructure were carried out, considering three different configurations of the interface, i.e., (i) an ideal Ga-terminated GaN surface, (ii) the passivation of Ga surface by a monolayer of oxygen (O), and (iii) the presence of an ultrathin Ga2O3 layer. This latter model predicts the formation of a vdW interface and a strong n-type doping of MoS2, in closer agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ethan Panasci
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Ioannis Deretzis
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Emanuela Schilirò
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Antonino La Magna
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Roccaforte
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Antal Koos
- HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Miklos Nemeth
- HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Béla Pécz
- HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Marco Cannas
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
- ATEN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Giannazzo
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Z.I. Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (I.D.); (E.S.); (A.L.M.); (F.R.); (S.A.); (F.G.)
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8
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Li S, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Murthy A, Li Y, Liu S, Zhai T. Substrate Engineering for Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Large-Scale 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211855. [PMID: 37095721 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale production of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential to realize their industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered as a promising method for the controlled growth of high-quality and large-scale 2D TMDs. During a CVD process, the substrate plays a crucial role in anchoring the source materials, promoting the nucleation and stimulating the epitaxial growth. It thus significantly affects the thickness, microstructure, and crystal quality of the products, which are particularly important for obtaining 2D TMDs with expected morphology and size. Here, an insightful review is provided by focusing on the recent development associated with the substrate engineering strategies for CVD preparation of large-scale 2D TMDs. First, the interaction between 2D TMDs and substrates, a key factor for the growth of high-quality materials, is systematically discussed by combining the latest theoretical calculations. Based on this, the effect of various substrate engineering approaches on the growth of large-area 2D TMDs is summarized in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of substrate engineering for the future development of 2D TMDs are discussed. This review might provide deep insight into the controllable growth of high-quality 2D TMDs toward their industrial-scale practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Murthy
- Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, 60510, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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9
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Guo X, Wang D, Zhang D, Ma J, Wang X, Chen X, Tong L, Zhang X, Zhu J, Yang P, Gou S, Yue X, Sheng C, Xu Z, An Z, Qiu Z, Cong C, Zhou P, Fang Z, Bao W. Large-scale and stacked transfer of bilayers MoS 2devices on a flexible polyimide substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:045201. [PMID: 37669634 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf6c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as flexible and stretchable materials, have attracted considerable attention in the field of novel flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Among the various TMD materials, atomically thin MoS2has become the most widely used material due to its advantageous properties, such as its adjustable bandgap, excellent performance, and ease of preparation. In this work, we demonstrated the practicality of a stacked wafer-scale two-layer MoS2film obtained by transferring multiple single-layer films grown using chemical vapor deposition. The MoS2field-effect transistor cell had a top-gated device structure with a (PI) film as the substrate, which exhibited a high on/off ratio (108), large average mobility (∼8.56 cm2V-1s-1), and exceptional uniformity. Furthermore, a range of flexible integrated logic devices, including inverters, NOR gates, and NAND gates, were successfully implemented via traditional lithography. These results highlight the immense potential of TMD materials, particularly MoS2, in enabling advanced flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices, which pave the way for transformative applications in future-generation electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Network, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing and Key Laboratory of Micro, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Saifei Gou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuming Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Shenzhen Six Carbon Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua An
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing and Key Laboratory of Micro, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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10
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Mondal B, Zhang X, Kumar S, Long F, Katiyar NK, Kumar M, Goel S, Biswas K. A resistance-driven H 2 gas sensor: high-entropy alloy nanoparticles decorated 2D MoS 2. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17097-17104. [PMID: 37849340 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The need to use hydrogen (H2) gas has increasingly become important due to the growing demand for carbon-free energy sources. However, the explosive nature of H2 gas has raised significant safety concerns, driving the development of efficient and reliable detection. Although 2D materials have emerged as promising materials for hydrogen gas sensing applications due to their relatively high sensitivity, the incorporation of other nanomaterials into 2D materials can drastically improve both the selectivity and the sensitivity of sensors. In this work, high-entropy alloy nanoparticles using non-noble metals were used to develop a sensor for H2 gas detection. This chemical sensor was realized by decorating 2D MoS2 surfaces with multicomponent body-centered cubic (BCC) equiatomic Ti-Zr-V-Nb-Hf high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles. It was selective towards H2, over NH3, H2S, CH4, and C4H10, demonstrating widespread applications of this sensor. To understand the mechanisms behind the abnormal selectivity and sensitivity, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed, showing that the HEA nanoparticles can act as a chemical hub for H2 adsorption and dissociation, ultimately improving the performance of 2D material-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidesh Mondal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, India.
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Nirmal Kumar Katiyar
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Noida, Sector 125, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, India.
| | - Saurav Goel
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Krishanu Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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11
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Kim H, Im J, Nam K, Han GH, Park JY, Yoo S, Haddadnezhad M, Park S, Park W, Ahn JS, Park D, Jeong MS, Choi S. Plasmon-exciton couplings in the MoS 2/AuNP plasmonic hybrid structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22252. [PMID: 36564476 PMCID: PMC9789063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding and engineering of the plasmon-exciton coupling are necessary to control the innovative optoelectronic device platform. In this study, we investigated the intertwined mechanism of each plasmon-exciton couplings in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and plasmonic hybrid structure. The results of absorption, simulation, electrostatics, and emission spectra show that interaction between photoexcited carrier and exciton modes are successfully coupled by energy transfer and exciton recombination processes. Especially, neutral exciton, trion, and biexciton can be selectively enhanced by designing the plasmonic hybrid platform. All of these results imply that there is another degree of freedom to control the individual enhancement of each exciton mode in the development of nano optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntae Kim
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Im
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiin Nam
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Hee Han
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Yoo
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - MohammadNavid Haddadnezhad
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Woongkyu Park
- grid.482524.d0000 0004 0614 4232Medical and Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- grid.482524.d0000 0004 0614 4232Medical and Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007 Republic of Korea
| | - Doojae Park
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Applied Optics and Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Soobong Choi
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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12
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Sun F, Nie C, Fu J, Xiong W, Zhi Y, Wei X. Enhancing and Broadening the Photoresponse of Monolayer MoS 2 Based on Au Nanoslit Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26245-26254. [PMID: 35608062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), featuring unique optoelectronic properties, has attracted tremendous interest in developing novel photodetection devices. However, the limited light absorption and small carrier transport rate of the monolayer MoS2 result in low photoresponse, and the large band gap limits its detection range in the visible region. In this study, we propose a nanoslit array-MoS2 hybrid device architecture with enhanced and broadened photoresponse. The nanoslit array can localize free-space light to achieve strong interactions with MoS2, and acts as the channel to improve charge transport. As a result, the Au nanoslit array-MoS2 hybrid detector exhibits a nearly 100-fold increase in photocurrent compared to the pure MoS2 device. More importantly, the hybrid device can broaden the photoresponse to the optical communication band of 1550 nm which is lower than the band gap of MoS2, by efficiently utilizing the hot carriers generated by the Au nanoslits. The experimental results are supported by both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Since our demonstration leverages the engineering of the hybrid photodetectors with metal nanostructures rather than semiconductor materials, it should be universal and applicable to other devices for broadband, high-efficiency photoelectric conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbin Nie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhan Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multiscale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu Y, Shen T, Linghu S, Zhu R, Gu F. Electrostatic control of photoluminescence from A and B excitons in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2484-2493. [PMID: 36134134 PMCID: PMC9419104 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring excitonic photoluminescence (PL) in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is critical for its various applications. Although significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the PL intensity of monolayer MoS2, simultaneous tailoring of emission from both A excitons and B excitons remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that both A-excitonic and B-excitonic PL of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer MoS2 can be tuned by electrostatic doping in air. Our results indicate that the B-excitonic PL changed in the opposite direction compared to A-excitonic PL when a gate voltage (V g) was applied, both in S-rich and Mo-rich monolayer MoS2. Through the combination of gas adsorption and electrostatic doping, a 12-fold enhancement of the PL intensity for A excitons in Mo-rich monolayer MoS2 was achieved at V g = -40 V, and a 26-fold enhancement for the ratio of B/A excitonic PL was observed at V g = +40 V. Our results demonstrate not only the control of the conversion between A0 and A-, but also the modulation of intravalley and intervalley conversion between A excitons and B excitons. With electrostatic electron doping, the population of B excitons can be promoted due to the enhanced intravalley and intervalley transition process through electron-phonon coupling. The electrostatic control of excitonic PL has potential applications in exciton physics and valleytronics involving the B excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China
| | - Tianci Shen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China
| | - Shuangyi Linghu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China
| | - Ruilin Zhu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China
| | - Fuxing Gu
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China
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14
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Panasci SE, Koos A, Schilirò E, Di Franco S, Greco G, Fiorenza P, Roccaforte F, Agnello S, Cannas M, Gelardi FM, Sulyok A, Nemeth M, Pécz B, Giannazzo F. Multiscale Investigation of the Structural, Electrical and Photoluminescence Properties of MoS 2 Obtained by MoO 3 Sulfurization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:182. [PMID: 35055201 PMCID: PMC8778062 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a multiscale investigation of the compositional, morphological, structural, electrical, and optical emission properties of 2H-MoS2 obtained by sulfurization at 800 °C of very thin MoO3 films (with thickness ranging from ~2.8 nm to ~4.2 nm) on a SiO2/Si substrate. XPS analyses confirmed that the sulfurization was very effective in the reduction of the oxide to MoS2, with only a small percentage of residual MoO3 present in the final film. High-resolution TEM/STEM analyses revealed the formation of few (i.e., 2-3 layers) of MoS2 nearly aligned with the SiO2 surface in the case of the thinnest (~2.8 nm) MoO3 film, whereas multilayers of MoS2 partially standing up with respect to the substrate were observed for the ~4.2 nm one. Such different configurations indicate the prevalence of different mechanisms (i.e., vapour-solid surface reaction or S diffusion within the film) as a function of the thickness. The uniform thickness distribution of the few-layer and multilayer MoS2 was confirmed by Raman mapping. Furthermore, the correlative plot of the characteristic A1g-E2g Raman modes revealed a compressive strain (ε ≈ -0.78 ± 0.18%) and the coexistence of n- and p-type doped areas in the few-layer MoS2 on SiO2, where the p-type doping is probably due to the presence of residual MoO3. Nanoscale resolution current mapping by C-AFM showed local inhomogeneities in the conductivity of the few-layer MoS2, which are well correlated to the lateral changes in the strain detected by Raman. Finally, characteristic spectroscopic signatures of the defects/disorder in MoS2 films produced by sulfurization were identified by a comparative analysis of Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra with CVD grown MoS2 flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore E. Panasci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antal Koos
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Emanuela Schilirò
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Salvatore Di Franco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Greco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Patrick Fiorenza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Roccaforte
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.G.)
- ATEN Center, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Franco M. Gelardi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Attila Sulyok
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Miklos Nemeth
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Béla Pécz
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Filippo Giannazzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.E.P.); (E.S.); (S.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.F.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
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15
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Huang S, Li J, Fang J, Ding H, Huang W, Zhao X, Zheng Y. Self-Limiting Opto-Electrochemical Thinning of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58966-58973. [PMID: 34851616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional monolayer and few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for advanced electronic and photonic applications due to their extraordinary optoelectronic and mechanical properties. However, it has remained challenging to produce high-quality TMD thin films with controlled thickness and desired micropatterns, which are essential for their practical implementation in functional devices. In this work, a self-limiting opto-electrochemical thinning (sOET) technique is developed for on-demand thinning and patterning of TMD flakes at high efficiency. Benefiting from optically enhanced electrochemical reactions, sOET features a low operational optical power density of down to 70 μW μm-2 to avoid photodamage and thermal damage to the thinned TMD flakes. Through selective optical excitation with different laser wavelengths based on the thickness-dependent band gaps of TMD materials, sOET enables precise control over the final thickness of TMD flakes. With the capability of thickness control and site-specific patterning, our sOET offers an effective route to fabricating high-quality TMD materials for a broad range of applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suichu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 15001, China
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering Program and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering Program and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Fang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering Program and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering Program and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wentao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 15001, China
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 15001, China
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering Program and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Toral-Lopez A, Santos H, Marin EG, Ruiz FG, Palacios JJ, Godoy A. Multi-scale modeling of 2D GaSe FETs with strained channels. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:105201. [PMID: 34818631 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3ce2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices based on bidimensional materials (2DMs) are the subject of an intense experimental research, that demands a tantamount theoretical activity. The latter must be hold up by a varied set of tools able to rationalize, explain and predict the operation principles of the devices. However, in the broad context of multi-scale computational nanoelectronics, there is currently a lack of simulation tools connecting atomistic descriptions with semi-classical mesoscopic device-level simulations and able to properly explain the performance of many state-of-the-art devices. To contribute to filling this gap we present a multi-scale approach that combines fine-level material calculations with a semi-classical drift-diffusion transport model. Its use is exemplified by assessing 2DM field effect transistors with strained channels, showing excellent capabilities to capture the changes in the crystal structure and their impact into the device performance. Interestingly, we verify the capacity of strain in monolayer GaSe to enhance the conduction of one type of carrier, enabling the possibility to mimic the effect of chemical doping on 2D materials. These results illustrate the great potential of the proposed approach to bridge levels of abstraction rarely connected before and thus contribute to the theoretical modeling of state-of-the-art 2DM-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Toral-Lopez
- Dpto. Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - H Santos
- Dpto. Matemática Aplicada, Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
| | - E G Marin
- Dpto. Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - F G Ruiz
- Dpto. Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - J J Palacios
- Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Spain
| | - A Godoy
- Dpto. Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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17
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Substrate-Driven Atomic Layer Deposition of High-κ Dielectrics on 2D Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112211052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of high-κ dielectrics on two-dimensional (2D) materials (including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides) still represents a challenge due to the lack of out-of-plane bonds on the pristine surfaces of 2D materials, thus making the nucleation process highly disadvantaged. The typical methods to promote the nucleation (i.e., the predeposition of seed layers or the surface activation via chemical treatments) certainly improve the ALD growth but can affect, to some extent, the electronic properties of 2D materials and the interface with high-κ dielectrics. Hence, direct ALD on 2D materials without seed and functionalization layers remains highly desirable. In this context, a crucial role can be played by the interaction with the substrate supporting the 2D membrane. In particular, metallic substrates such as copper or gold have been found to enhance the ALD nucleation of Al2O3 and HfO2 both on monolayer (1 L) graphene and MoS2. Similarly, uniform ALD growth of Al2O3 on the surface of 1 L epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC (0001) has been ascribed to the peculiar EG/SiC interface properties. This review provides a detailed discussion of the substrate-driven ALD growth of high-κ dielectrics on 2D materials, mainly on graphene and MoS2. The nucleation mechanism and the influence of the ALD parameters (namely the ALD temperature and cycle number) on the coverage as well as the structural and electrical properties of the deposited high-κ thin films are described. Finally, the open challenges for applications are discussed.
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