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Gan X, Dou W, Hou W, Yuan X, Lei L, Zhou Y, Yang J, Chen D, Zhou W, Tang D. Low-Voltage Solution-Processed Zinc-Doped CuI Thin Film Transistors with NOR Logic and Artificial Synaptic Function. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2345. [PMID: 37630930 PMCID: PMC10459306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage Zn-doped CuI thin film transistors (TFTs) gated by chitosan dielectric were fabricated at a low temperature. The Zn-doped CuI TFT exhibited a more superior on/off current ratio than CuI TFT due to the substitution or supplementation of copper vacancies by Zn ions. The Zn-doped CuI films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Zn-doped CuI TFTs exhibited an on/off current ratio of 1.58 × 104, a subthreshold swing of 70 mV/decade, and a field effect mobility of 0.40 cm2V-1s-1, demonstrating good operational stability. Due to the electric-double-layer (EDL) effect and high specific capacitance (17.3 μF/cm2) of chitosan gate dielectric, Zn-doped CuI TFT operates at a voltage below -2 V. The threshold voltage is -0.2 V. In particular, we have prepared Zn-doped CuI TFTs with two in-plane gates and NOR logic operation is implemented on such TFTs. In addition, using the ion relaxation effect and EDL effect of chitosan film, a simple pain neuron simulation is realized on such a p-type TFTs for the first time through the bottom gate to regulate the carrier transport of the channel. This p-type device has promising applications in low-cost electronic devices, complementary electronic circuit, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Dou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weichang Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
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2
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Chen M, Nijboer MP, Kovalgin AY, Nijmeijer A, Roozeboom F, Luiten-Olieman MWJ. Atmospheric-pressure atomic layer deposition: recent applications and new emerging applications in high-porosity/3D materials. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37376785 PMCID: PMC10392469 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a widely recognized technique for depositing ultrathin conformal films with excellent thickness control at Ångström or (sub)monolayer level. Atmospheric-pressure ALD is an upcoming ALD process with a potentially lower ownership cost of the reactor. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent applications and development of ALD approaches emphasizing those based on operation at atmospheric pressure. Each application determines its own specific reactor design. Spatial ALD (s-ALD) has been recently introduced for the commercial production of large-area 2D displays, the surface passivation and encapsulation of solar cells and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Atmospheric temporal ALD (t-ALD) has opened up new emerging applications such as high-porosity particle coatings, functionalization of capillary columns for gas chromatography, and membrane modification in water treatment and gas purification. The challenges and opportunities for highly conformal coating on porous substrates by atmospheric ALD have been identified. We discuss in particular the pros and cons of both s-ALD and t-ALD in combination with their reactor designs in relation to the coating of 3D and high-porosity materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M P Nijboer
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A Y Kovalgin
- Integrated Devices and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Nijmeijer
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - F Roozeboom
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M W J Luiten-Olieman
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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3
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Januar M, Prakoso SP, Zhong CW, Lin HC, Li C, Hsieh JH, Liu KK, Liu KC. Room-Temperature Fabrication of p-Type SnO Semiconductors Using Ion-Beam-Assisted Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46726-46737. [PMID: 36203276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, SnO has been considered a promising p-type oxide semiconductor. However, achieving high mobility in the fabrication of p-type SnO films is still highly dependent on the post-annealing procedure, which is often used to make SnO, due to its metastable nature, readily convertible to SnO2 and/or intermediate phases. This paper demonstrates a fully room-temperature fabrication of p-type SnOx thin films using ion-beam-assisted deposition. This technique offers independent control between ion density, via the ion-gun anode current and oxygen flow rate, and ion energy, via the ion-gun anode voltage, thus being able to optimize the optical band gap and the hole mobility of the SnO films to reach 2.70 eV and 7.89 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, without the need for annealing. Remarkably, this is the highest mobility reported for p-type SnO films whose fabrication was carried out entirely at room temperature. Using first-principles calculations, we rationalize that the high mobility is associated with the fine-tuning of the Sn-rich-related defects and lattice densification, obtained by controlling the density and energy of the oxygen ions, both of which optimize the spatial overlap of the valence bands to form a continuous conduction path for the holes. Moreover, due to the absence of the annealing process, the Raman spectra reveal no significant signatures of microcrystal formation in the films. This behavior contrasts with the case involving the air-annealing procedure, where a complex interaction occurs between the formation of SnO microcrystals and the formation of SnOx intermediate phases. This interplay results in variations in grain texture within the film, leading to a lower optimum Hall mobility of only 5.17 cm2 V-1 s-1. Finally, we demonstrate the rectification characteristics of all-fabricated-at-room-temperature SnOx-based p-n devices to confirm the viability of the p-type SnOx films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Januar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan33302, Taiwan
| | - Suhendro Purbo Prakoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City10607, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Zhong
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chih Lin
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City24301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Kou-Chen Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City24301, Taiwan
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Kim S, Seo J, Choi J, Yoo H. Vertically Integrated Electronics: New Opportunities from Emerging Materials and Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:201. [PMID: 36205848 PMCID: PMC9547046 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertical three-dimensional (3D) integration is a highly attractive strategy to integrate a large number of transistor devices per unit area. This approach has emerged to accommodate the higher demand of data processing capability and to circumvent the scaling limitation. A huge number of research efforts have been attempted to demonstrate vertically stacked electronics in the last two decades. In this review, we revisit materials and devices for the vertically integrated electronics with an emphasis on the emerging semiconductor materials that can be processable by bottom-up fabrication methods, which are suitable for future flexible and wearable electronics. The vertically stacked integrated circuits are reviewed based on the semiconductor materials: organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide semiconductors, and atomically thin two-dimensional materials including transition metal dichalcogenides. The features, device performance, and fabrication methods for 3D integration of the transistor based on each semiconductor are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent advances that can be important milestones in the vertically integrated electronics including advanced integrated circuits, sensors, and display systems. There are remaining challenges to overcome; however, we believe that the vertical 3D integration based on emerging semiconductor materials and devices can be a promising strategy for future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjae Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Choi
- Center of Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang W, Hong R, Qin W, Lv Y, Ma J, Liao L, Li K, Jiang C. Enhanced performance of p-type SnO xthin film transistors through defect compensation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:404003. [PMID: 35882217 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unique outermost orbitals of Sn, hole carriers in tin monoxide (SnO) possess small effective mass and high mobility among oxide semiconductors, making it a promising p-channel material for thin film field-effect transistors (TFTs). However, the Sn vacancy induced field-effect mobility deterioration and threshold voltage (Vth) shift in experiments greatly limit its application in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. In this study, the internal mechanism of vacancy defect compensation by aluminum (Al) doping in SnOxfilm is studied combining experiments with the density functional theory (DFT). The doping is achieved by an argon (Ar) plasma treatment of Al2O3deposited onto the SnOxfilm, in which the Al2O3provides both the surface passivation and Al doping source. Experimental results show a wideVthmodulation range (6.08 to -19.77 V) and notable mobility enhancement (11.56 cm2V-1s-1) in the SnOxTFTs after the Al doping by Ar plasma. DFT results reveal that the most possible positions of Al in SnO and SnO2segments are the compensation to Sn vacancy and interstitial. The compensation will create an n-type doping effect and improve the hole carrier transport by reducing the hole effective mass (mh*), which is responsible for the device performance variation, while the interstitial in the SnO2segment can hardly affect the valence transport of the film. The defect compensation is suitable for the electronic property modulation of SnO towards the high-performance CMOS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruohao Hong
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Lv
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenli Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Research Progress of p-Type Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144781. [PMID: 35888248 PMCID: PMC9323180 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of transparent electronics has advanced metal–oxide–semiconductor Thin-Film transistor (TFT) technology. In the field of flat-panel displays, as basic units, TFTs play an important role in achieving high speed, brightness, and screen contrast ratio to display information by controlling liquid crystal pixel dots. Oxide TFTs have gradually replaced silicon-based TFTs owing to their field-effect mobility, stability, and responsiveness. In the market, n-type oxide TFTs have been widely used, and their preparation methods have been gradually refined; however, p-Type oxide TFTs with the same properties are difficult to obtain. Fabricating p-Type oxide TFTs with the same performance as n-type oxide TFTs can ensure more energy-efficient complementary electronics and better transparent display applications. This paper summarizes the basic understanding of the structure and performance of the p-Type oxide TFTs, expounding the research progress and challenges of oxide transistors. The microstructures of the three types of p-Type oxides and significant efforts to improve the performance of oxide TFTs are highlighted. Finally, the latest progress and prospects of oxide TFTs based on p-Type oxide semiconductors and other p-Type semiconductor electronic devices are discussed.
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7
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Baek G, Lee S, Kim HM, Choi SH, Park JS. Facile synthesis of an organic/inorganic hybrid 2D structure tincone film by molecular layer deposition. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1829-1837. [PMID: 35018399 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid tincone films were deposited by molecular layer deposition (MLD) using N,N'-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylethylenediamine stannylene(II) as a precursor and hydroquinone (HQ) as an organic reactant. From previous studies it is known that SnO can be fabricated through a reaction with H2O, which has low oxidizing power. Similarly, when combined with HQ having a bi-functional hydroxyl group, SnO-based 2D hybrid tincones can be produced. In most aromatic ring-based metalcones described in previous studies, graphitization by pyrolysis occurred during post-annealing. In this study of tincones fabricated with a divalent precursor after a vacuum post-annealing process, the structural rearrangement of the SnO and the benzene ring bonds proceeded to form a SnO-based hybrid 2D structure. The rearrangement of the resulting structure occurred through π-π stacking (without pyrolysis) of the benzene ring. To understand the mechanism of fabrication of 2D hybrid tincones by π-π stacking of the benzene ring and the increase of the crystallinity of SnO after the annealing process, the structural rearrangement was observed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and Raman spectroscopy. Thereafter, the design of the crystal structure was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeonHo Baek
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Choi
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Seong Park
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Wildsmith T, Parish JD, Ahmet IY, Molloy KC, Hill MS, Johnson AL. Tin(II) Ureide Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Chemistry, and Evaluation as SnO Precursors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17083-17093. [PMID: 34704441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to tailor precursors for application in the deposition of phase pure SnO, we have evaluated a series of tin (1-6) ureide complexes. The complexes were successfully synthesized by employing N,N'-trialkyl-functionalized ureide ligands, in which features such as stability, volatility, and decomposition could be modified with variation of the substituents on the ureide ligand in an attempt to find the complex with the ideal electronic, steric, or coordinative properties, which determine the fate of the final products. The tin(II) ureide complexes 1-6 were synthesized by direct reaction [Sn{NMe2}2] with aryl and alkyl isocyanates in a 1:2 molar ratio. All the complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis and, where applicable, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 2, 3, 4, and 6 revealed that the complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (2 and 4) or in the triclinic space group P-1 (3 and 6) as monomers. Reaction with phenyl isocyanate results in the formation of the bimetallic species 5, which crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a consequence of incomplete insertion into the Sn-NMe2 bonds, versus mesityl isocyanate, which produces a monomeric double insertion product, 6, under the same conditions, indicating a difference in reactivity between phenyl isocyanate and mesityl isocyanate with respect to insertion into Sn-NMe2 bonds. The metal centers in these complexes are all four-coordinate, displaying either distorted trigonal bipyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The steric influence of the imido-ligand substituent has a clear effect on the coordination mode of the ureide ligands, with complexes 2 and 6, which contain the cyclohexyl and mesityl ligands, displaying κ2-O,N coordination modes, whereas κ2-N,N' coordination modes are observed for the sterically bulkier tert-butyl and adamantyl derivatives, 3 and 4. The thermogravimetric analysis of the complexes 3 and 4 exhibited excellent physicochemical properties with clean single-step curves and low residual masses in their TG analyses suggesting their potential utility of these systems as MOCVD and ALD precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wildsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - James D Parish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ibbi Y Ahmet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran C Molloy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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