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Lee J, Lee JH, Lee C, Lee H, Jin M, Kim J, Shin JC, Lee E, Kim YS. Machine Learning Driven Channel Thickness Optimization in Dual-Layer Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for Advanced Electrical Performance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303589. [PMID: 37985921 PMCID: PMC10754089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) provides temporal advantage and performance improvement in practical electronic device design by adaptive learning. Herein, Bayesian optimization (BO) is successfully applied to the design of optimal dual-layer oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (OS TFTs). This approach effectively manages the complex correlation and interdependency between two oxide semiconductor layers, resulting in the efficient design of experiment (DoE) and reducing the trial-and-error. Considering field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth ) simultaneously, the dual-layer structure designed by the BO model allows to produce OS TFTs with remarkable electrical performance while significantly saving an amount of experimental trial (only 15 data sets are required). The optimized dual-layer OS TFTs achieve the enhanced field effect mobility of 36.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and show good stability under bias stress with negligible difference in its threshold voltage compared to conventional IGZO TFTs. Moreover, the BO algorithm is successfully customized to the individual preferences by applying the weight factors assigned to both field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Program in Nano Science and TechnologyGraduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Samsung Display Company, Ltd.1 Samsung‐ro, Giheung‐guYongin‐siGyeonggi‐do17113Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jin
- Program in Nano Science and TechnologyGraduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Electronic EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin‐siGyeonggi‐do17104Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sang Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Program in Nano Science and TechnologyGraduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical ProcessesCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐ro 1, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence TechnologyGwanggyo‐ro 145, Yeongtong‐guSuwon16229Republic of Korea
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2
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Gan X, Dou W, Hou W, Yuan X, Lei L, Zhou Y, Yang J, Chen D, Zhou W, Tang D. Low-Voltage Solution-Processed Zinc-Doped CuI Thin Film Transistors with NOR Logic and Artificial Synaptic Function. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2345. [PMID: 37630930 PMCID: PMC10459306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage Zn-doped CuI thin film transistors (TFTs) gated by chitosan dielectric were fabricated at a low temperature. The Zn-doped CuI TFT exhibited a more superior on/off current ratio than CuI TFT due to the substitution or supplementation of copper vacancies by Zn ions. The Zn-doped CuI films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Zn-doped CuI TFTs exhibited an on/off current ratio of 1.58 × 104, a subthreshold swing of 70 mV/decade, and a field effect mobility of 0.40 cm2V-1s-1, demonstrating good operational stability. Due to the electric-double-layer (EDL) effect and high specific capacitance (17.3 μF/cm2) of chitosan gate dielectric, Zn-doped CuI TFT operates at a voltage below -2 V. The threshold voltage is -0.2 V. In particular, we have prepared Zn-doped CuI TFTs with two in-plane gates and NOR logic operation is implemented on such TFTs. In addition, using the ion relaxation effect and EDL effect of chitosan film, a simple pain neuron simulation is realized on such a p-type TFTs for the first time through the bottom gate to regulate the carrier transport of the channel. This p-type device has promising applications in low-cost electronic devices, complementary electronic circuit, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Dou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weichang Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (X.G.); (W.H.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (D.C.)
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Schwarz M, Vethaak TD, Derycke V, Francheteau A, Iniguez B, Kataria S, Kloes A, Lefloch F, Lemme M, Snyder JP, Weber WM, Calvet LE. The Schottky barrier transistor in emerging electronic devices. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:352002. [PMID: 37100049 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd05f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores how the Schottky barrier (SB) transistor is used in a variety of applications and material systems. A discussion of SB formation, current transport processes, and an overview of modeling are first considered. Three discussions follow, which detail the role of SB transistors in high performance, ubiquitous and cryogenic electronics. For high performance computing, the SB typically needs to be minimized to achieve optimal performance and we explore the methods adopted in carbon nanotube technology and two-dimensional electronics. On the contrary for ubiquitous electronics, the SB can be used advantageously in source-gated transistors and reconfigurable field-effect transistors (FETs) for sensors, neuromorphic hardware and security applications. Similarly, judicious use of an SB can be an asset for applications involving Josephson junction FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom D Vethaak
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Derycke
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francois Lefloch
- University Grenoble Alps, GINP, CEA-IRIG-PHELIQS, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Walter M Weber
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna, Austria
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Feng J, Jeon SH, Park J, Lee SH, Jang J, Kang IM, Kim DK, Bae JH. Improvement in Switching Characteristics and Bias Stability of Solution-Processed Zinc-Tin Oxide Thin Film Transistors via Simple Low-Pressure Thermal Annealing Treatment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1722. [PMID: 37299625 PMCID: PMC10254229 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a low-pressure thermal annealing (LPTA) treatment to improve the switching characteristics and bias stability of zinc-tin oxide (ZTO) thin film transistors (TFTs). For this, we first fabricated the TFT and then applied the LPTA treatment at temperatures of 80 °C and 140 °C. The LPTA treatment reduced the number of defects in the bulk and interface of the ZTO TFTs. In addition, the changes in the water contact angle on the ZTO TFT surface indicated that the LPTA treatment reduced the surface defects. Hydrophobicity suppressed the off-current and instability under negative bias stress because of the limited absorption of moisture on the oxide surface. Moreover, the ratio of metal-oxygen bonds increased, while the ratio of oxygen-hydrogen bonds decreased. The reduced action of hydrogen as a shallow donor induced improvements in the on/off ratio (from 5.5 × 103 to 1.1 × 107) and subthreshold swing (8.63 to V·dec-1 and 0.73 V·dec-1), producing ZTO TFTs with excellent switching characteristics. In addition, device-to-device uniformity was significantly improved because of the reduced defects in the LPTA-treated ZTO TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Feng
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Hwa Jeon
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jaehoon Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jaewon Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - In Man Kang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.F.); (S.-H.J.)
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5
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Chao IH, Yang YT, Yu MH, Chen CH, Liao CH, Lin BH, Ni IC, Chen WC, Ho-Baillie AWY, Chueh CC. Performance Enhancement of Lead-Free 2D Tin Halide Perovskite Transistors by Surface Passivation and Its Impact on Non-Volatile Photomemory Characteristics. Small 2023; 19:e2207734. [PMID: 36794296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tin (Sn)-based perovskites have recently received increasing research attention for perovskite transistor application. Although some progress is made, Sn-based perovskites have long suffered from easy oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ , leading to undesirable p-doping and instability. In this study, it is demonstrated that surface passivation by phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and 4-fluorophenethylammonium iodide (FPEAI) effectively passivates surface defects in 2D phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2 SnI4 ) films, increases the grain size by surface recrystallization, and p-dopes the PEA2 SnI4 film to form a better energy-level alignment with the electrodes and promote charge transport properties. As a result, the passivated devices exhibit better ambient and gate bias stability, improved photo-response, and higher mobility, for example, 2.96 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the FPEAI-passivated films-four times higher than the control film (0.76 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). In addition, these perovskite transistors display non-volatile photomemory characteristics and are used as perovskite-transistor-based memories. Although the reduction of surface defects in perovskite films results in reduced charge retention time due to lower trap density, these passivated devices with better photoresponse and air stability show promise for future photomemory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsiang Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Haw Liao
- School of Physics and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- School of Physics and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Shi R, Liu X, Lei T, Lu L, Xia Z, Wong M. An Integrated Analog Front-End System on Flexible Substrate for the Acquisition of Bio-Potential Signals. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207683. [PMID: 36869413 PMCID: PMC10161121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of a versatile, low-temperature thin-film transistor (TFT) technology is presently described as the implementation on a flexible substrate of an analog front-end (AFE) system for the acquisition of bio-potential signals. The technology is based on semiconducting amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO). The AFE system consists of three monolithically integrated constituent components: a bias-filter circuit with a bio-compatible low cut-off frequency of ≈1 Hz, a 4-stage differential amplifier offering a large gain-bandwidth product of ≈955 kHz, and an additional notch filter exhibiting over 30 dB suppression of the power-line noise. Respectively built using conductive IGZO electrodes with thermally induced donor agents and enhancement-mode fluorinated IGZO TFTs with exceptionally low leakage current, both capacitors and resistors with significantly reduced footprints are realized. Defined as the ratio of the gain-bandwidth product of an AFE system to its area, a record-setting figure-of-merit of ≈86 kHz mm-2 is achieved. This is about an order of magnitude larger than the < 10 kHz mm-2 of the nearest benchmark. Requiring no supplementary off-substrate signal-conditioning components and occupying an area of ≈11 mm2 , the stand-alone AFE system is successfully applied to both electromyography and electrocardiography (ECG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuchi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tengteng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihe Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Man Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics and Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Shakeel A, Maskey BB, Shrestha S, Parajuli S, Jung Y, Cho G. Towards Digital Twin Implementation in Roll-To-Roll Gravure Printed Electronics: Overlay Printing Registration Error Prediction Based on Printing Process Parameters. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1008. [PMID: 36985902 PMCID: PMC10053699 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roll-to-roll gravure (R2Rg) has become highly affiliated with printed electronics in the past few years due to its high yield of printed thin-film transistor (TFT) in active matrix devices, and to its low cost. For printing TFTs with multilayer structures, achieving a high-precision in overlay printing registration accuracy (OPRA) is a key challenge to attain the high degree of TFT integration through R2Rg. To address this challenge efficiently, a digital twin paradigm was first introduced in the R2Rg system with an aim to optimize the OPRA by developing a predictive model based on typical input variables such as web tension, nip force, and printing speed in the R2Rg system. In our introductory-level digital twin, errors in the OPRA were collected with the variable parameters of web tensions, nip forces, and printing speeds from several R2Rg printing processes. Subsequently, statistical features were extracted from the input data followed by the training of a deep learning long-short term memory (LSTM) model for predicting machine directional error (MD) in the OPRA. As a result of training the LSTM model in our digital twin, its attained accuracy of prediction was 77%. Based on this result, we studied the relationship between the nip forces and printing speeds to predict the MD error in the OPRA. The results indicated a correlation between the MD error in the OPRA and the printing speed, as the MD error amplitude in the OPRA tended to decline at the higher printing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anood Shakeel
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Bijendra Bishow Maskey
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (B.B.M.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Sagar Shrestha
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sajjan Parajuli
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (B.B.M.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Younsu Jung
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (B.B.M.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Gyoujin Cho
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible Computer, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea; (B.B.M.); (S.P.); (Y.J.)
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Li Z, Chiang T, Kuo P, Tu C, Kuo Y, Liu P. Heterogeneous Integration of Atomically-Thin Indium Tungsten Oxide Transistors for Low-Power 3D Monolithic Complementary Inverter. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205481. [PMID: 36658711 PMCID: PMC10037976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the authors demonstrate a novel vertically-stacked thin film transistor (TFT) architecture for heterogeneously complementary inverter applications, composed of p-channel polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and n-channel amorphous indium tungsten oxide (a-IWO), with a low footprint than planar structure. The a-IWO TFT with channel thickness of approximately 3-4 atomic layers exhibits high mobility of 24 cm2 V-1 s-1 , near ideally subthreshold swing of 63 mV dec-1 , low leakage current below 10-13 A, high on/off current ratio of larger than 109 , extremely small hysteresis of 0 mV, low contact resistance of 0.44 kΩ-µm, and high stability after encapsulating a passivation layer. The electrical characteristics of n-channel a-IWO TFT are well-matched with p-channel poly-Si TFT for superior complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology applications. The inverter can exhibit a high voltage gain of 152 V V-1 at low supply voltage of 1.5 V. The noise margin can be up to 80% of supply voltage and perform the symmetrical window. The pico-watt static power consumption inverter is achieved by the wide energy bandgap of a-IWO channel and atomically-thin channel. The vertically-stacked complementary field-effect transistors (CFET) with high energy-efficiency can increase the circuit density in a chip to conform the development of next-generation semiconductor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Hao Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Che Chiang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Po‐Yi Kuo
- Department of Electronic EngineeringNational Chin‐Yi University of TechnologyTaichung411030Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Hao Tu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Yue Kuo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843‐3127USA
| | - Po‐Tsun Liu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
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Zou T, Kim HJ, Kim S, Liu A, Choi MY, Jung H, Zhu H, You I, Reo Y, Lee WJ, Kim YS, Kim CJ, Noh YY. High-Performance Solution-Processed 2D P-Type WSe 2 Transistors and Circuits through Molecular Doping. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2208934. [PMID: 36418776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting ink based on 2D single-crystal flakes with dangling-bond-free surfaces enables the implementation of high-performance devices on form-free substrates by cost-effective and scalable printing processes. However, the lack of solution-processed p-type 2D semiconducting inks with high mobility is an obstacle to the development of complementary integrated circuits. Here, a versatile strategy of doping with Br2 is reported to enhance the hole mobility by orders of magnitude for p-type transistors with 2D layered materials. Br2 -doped WSe2 transistors show a field-effect hole mobility of more than 27 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and a high on/off current ratio of ≈107 , and exhibits excellent operational stability during the on-off switching, cycling, and bias stressing testing. Moreover, complementary inverters composed of patterned p-type WSe2 and n-type MoS2 layered films are demonstrated with an ultra-high gain of 1280 under a driving voltage (VDD ) of 7 V. This work unveils the high potential of solution-processed 2D semiconductors with low-temperature processability for flexible devices and monolithic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyu Zou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haksoon Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Insang You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Reo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ju Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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Tousignant MN, Lin ZS, Brusso J, Lessard BH. Interfacial Ultraviolet Cross-Linking of Green Bilayer Dielectrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3680-3688. [PMID: 36603855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste is a growing challenge which needs to be addressed through the integration of high-performance sustainable materials. Green dielectric polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have favorable electrical properties but are challenging to integrate into thin film electronics due to their physical properties. For example, PVA suffers from poor film formation and is hygroscopic. Bilayer dielectrics with interfacial cross-linking can enable the use of high-performance PVA with favorable surface chemistry by using a hydrophobic poly(caprolactone) (PCL) layer. In this study, we developed a benzodioxinone-terminated PCL layer, which can be UV cross-linked to the hydroxy groups of the PVA dielectric. This air-stable UV-cross-linking PCL dielectric was able to effectively cross-link with PVA, leading to high-performance capacitors and single-walled carbon nanotube-based thin film transistors. This UV cross-linking PCL dielectric led to significant improvements in shelf-life, ease of processing, and similar device performance compared to our previously reported thermally cross-linking PCL layer. The UV cross-linking at the interface between these bilayers can allow for the integration of high-speed roll-to-roll processing, which enables low-cost, sustainable, and high-performance electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu N Tousignant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zheng Sonia Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, OntarioK1N 6N5, Canada
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11
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Li B, Wei S, Zhao M, Chen R, Wu Z, Xu Y. A Delay-Cell-Controlled VCO Design for Unipolar Single-Gate Enhancement-Mode TFT Technologies. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 14:32. [PMID: 36677093 PMCID: PMC9866269 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work outperforms the previous literatures by proposing a delay-cell-controlled voltage control oscillator (VCO) design for common unipolar, single-gate, and enhancement-mode thin-film transistor (TFT) technologies. A design example with InZnO TFTs is simulated to verify the proposed design. The design example has a 500 μW power consumption, 0.7 mm2 area, 3.8 kHz-8 kHz output frequency range, 600 Hz/V tuning sensitivity, and 4% maximum linear error. This design may have the potential to be used for flexible, low cost, and moderate speed sensor readout interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Siwei Wei
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Mingjian Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
- Huawei Technologies Company, Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, China
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12
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Baek GW, Kim YJ, Lee M, Kwon Y, Chun B, Park G, Seo H, Yang H, Kwak J. Progress in the Development of Active-Matrix Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Driven by Non-Si Thin-Film Transistors. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15238511. [PMID: 36500003 PMCID: PMC9736594 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the key accomplishments and further prospects of active-matrix (AM) quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) display. We present an overview and state-of-the-art of QLEDs as a frontplane and non-Si-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) as a backplane to meet the requirements for the next-generation displays, such as flexibility, transparency, low power consumption, fast response, high efficiency, and operational reliability. After a brief introduction, we first review the research on non-Si-based TFTs using metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and semiconducting carbon nanotubes as the driving unit of display devices. Next, QLED technologies are analyzed in terms of the device structure, device engineering, and QD patterning technique to realize high-performance, full-color AM-QLEDs. Lastly, recent research on the monolithic integration of TFT-QLED is examined, which proposes a new perspective on the integrated device. We anticipate that this review will help the readership understand the fundamentals, current state, and issues on TFTs and QLEDs for future AM-QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Woo Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeunwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoo Chun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganghyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li ZY, Song SM, Wang WX, Gong JH, Tong Y, Dai MJ, Lin SS, Yang TL, Sun H. Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the performance of homojunction amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors. Nanotechnology 2022; 34:025702. [PMID: 36219884 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the homojunction thin-film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) as active channel layers and source/drain electrodes were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the phase, microstructure, optical and electrical properties of IGZO thin films was investigated. The results showed that amorphous IGZO thin films always exhibit a high transmittance above 90% and wide band gaps of around 3.9 eV. The resistivity increases as the IGZO thin films are deposited at a higher oxygen partial pressure due to the depletion of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the electrical behaviors in homojunction IGZO TFTs were analyzed. When the active channel layers were deposited with an oxygen partial pressure of 1.96%, the homojunction IGZO TFTs exhibited optimal transfer and output characteristics with a field-effect mobility of 13.68 cm2V-1s-1. Its sub-threshold swing, threshold voltage and on/off ratio are 0.6 V/decade, 0.61 V and 107, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yue Li
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Mei Song
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Xia Wang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Gong
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tong
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jiang Dai
- Guangdong Institute of New Materials, 363 Changxing Road, Guangzhou 510651, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Sheng Lin
- Guangdong Institute of New Materials, 363 Changxing Road, Guangzhou 510651, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lin Yang
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
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14
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Divya M, Pradhan JR, Priyadarsini SS, Dasgupta S. High Operation Frequency and Strain Tolerance of Fully Printed Oxide Thin Film Transistors and Circuits on PET Substrates. Small 2022; 18:e2202891. [PMID: 35843892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The major limitations of solution-processed oxide electronics include high process temperatures and the absence of necessary strain tolerance that would be essential for flexible electronic applications. Here, a combination of low temperature (<100 °C) curable indium oxide nanoparticle ink and a conductive silver nanoink, which are used to fabricate fully-printed narrow-channel thin film transistors (TFTs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, is proposed. The metal ink is printed onto the In2 O3 nanoparticulate channel to narrow the effective channel lengths down to the thickness of the In2 O3 layer and thereby obtain near-vertical transport across the semiconductor layer. The TFTs thus prepared show On/Off ratio ≈106 and simultaneous maximum current density of 172 µA µm-1 . Next, the depletion-load inverters fabricated on PET substrates demonstrate signal gain >200 and operation frequency >300 kHz at low operation voltage of VDD = 2 V. In addition, the near-vertical transport across the semiconductor layer is found to be largely strain tolerant with insignificant change in the TFT and inverter performance observed under bending fatigue tests performed down to a bending radius of 1.5 mm, which translates to a strain value of 5%. The devices are also found to be robust against atmospheric exposure when remeasured after a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitta Divya
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Subho Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
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15
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Wang Q, Tang J, Li X, Tian J, Liang J, Li N, Ji D, Xian L, Guo Y, Li L, Zhang Q, Chu Y, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Du L, Yu H, Bai X, Gu L, Liu K, Yang W, Yang R, Shi D, Zhang G. Layer-by-layer epitaxy of multi-layer MoS 2 wafers. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac077. [PMID: 35769232 PMCID: PMC9232293 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2D semiconductor of MoS2 has great potential for advanced electronics technologies beyond silicon. So far, high-quality monolayer MoS2 wafers have been available and various demonstrations from individual transistors to integrated circuits have also been shown. In addition to the monolayer, multilayers have narrower band gaps but improved carrier mobilities and current capacities over the monolayer. However, achieving high-quality multi-layer MoS2 wafers remains a challenge. Here we report the growth of high-quality multi-layer MoS2 4-inch wafers via the layer-by-layer epitaxy process. The epitaxy leads to well-defined stacking orders between adjacent epitaxial layers and offers a delicate control of layer numbers up to six. Systematic evaluations on the atomic structures and electronic properties were carried out for achieved wafers with different layer numbers. Significant improvements in device performances were found in thicker-layer field-effect transistors (FETs), as expected. For example, the average field-effect mobility (μFE) at room temperature (RT) can increase from ∼80 cm2·V–1·s–1 for monolayers to ∼110/145 cm2·V–1·s–1 for bilayer/trilayer devices. The highest RT μFE of 234.7 cm2·V–1·s–1 and record-high on-current densities of 1.70 mA·μm–1 at Vds = 2 V were also achieved in trilayer MoS2 FETs with a high on/off ratio of >107. Our work hence moves a step closer to practical applications of 2D MoS2 in electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinpeng Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Depeng Ji
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lede Xian
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yutuo Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanbang Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanchong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Kim J, Shiah Y, Sim K, Iimura S, Abe K, Tsuji M, Sasase M, Hosono H. High-Performance P-Channel Tin Halide Perovskite Thin Film Transistor Utilizing a 2D-3D Core-Shell Structure. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104993. [PMID: 34927379 PMCID: PMC8844482 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are plausible candidates for practical p-type semiconductors. However, in thin film transistor (TFT) applications, both 2D PEA2 SnI4 and 3D FASnI3 MHPs have different drawbacks. In 2D MHP, the TFT mobility is seriously reduced by grain-boundary issues, whereas 3D MHP has an uncontrollably high hole density, which results in quite a large threshold voltage (Vth ). To overcome these problems, a new concept based on a 2D-3D core-shell structure is herein proposed. In the proposed structure, a 3D MHP core is fully isolated by a 2D MHP, providing two desirable effects as follows. (i) Vth can be independently controlled by the 2D component, and (ii) the grain-boundary resistance is significantly improved by the 2D/3D interface. Moreover, SnF2 additives are used, and they facilitate the formation of the 2D/3D core-shell structure. Consequently, a high-performance p-type Sn-based MHP TFT with a field-effect mobility of ≈25 cm2 V-1 s-1 is obtained. The voltage gain of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter comprising an n-channel InGaZnOx TFT and a p-channel Sn-MHP TFT is ≈200 V/V at VDD = 20 V. Overall, the proposed 2D/3D core-shell structure is expected to provide a new route for obtaining high-performance MHP TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
| | - Yu‐Shien Shiah
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
| | - Kihyung Sim
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
| | - Soshi Iimura
- WPI‐MANANational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Katsumi Abe
- Silvaco Japan Co., Ltd.Nakagyo‐kuKyoto604–8152Japan
| | - Masatake Tsuji
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
| | - Masato Sasase
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials Research Center for Element StrategyTokyo Institute of Technology4259 NagatsutaYokohama226–8503Japan
- WPI‐MANANational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0044Japan
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17
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Zhao K, Xie J, Zhao Y, Han D, Wang Y, Liu B, Dong J. Investigation on Transparent, Conductive ZnO:Al Films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition Process. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:172. [PMID: 35010122 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes are a core component for transparent electron devices, photoelectric devices, and advanced displays. In this work, we fabricate fully-transparent, highly-conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system method of repeatedly stacking ZnO and Al2O3 layers. The influences of Al cycle ratio (0, 2, 3, and 4%) on optical property, conductivity, crystallinity, surface morphology, and material components of the AZO films are examined, and current conduction mechanisms of the AZO films are analyzed. We found that Al doping increases electron concentration and optical bandgap width, allowing the AZO films to excellently combine low resistivity with high transmittance. Besides, Al doping induces preferred-growth-orientation transition from (002) to (100), which improves surface property and enhances current conduction across the AZO films. Interestingly, the AZO films with an Al cycle ratio of 3% show preferable film properties. Transparent ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) with AZO electrodes are fabricated, and the ZnO TFTs exhibit superior transparency and high performance. This work accelerates the practical application of the ALD process in fabricating transparent electrodes.
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18
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Ning H, Zeng X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yao R, Liu X, Luo D, Xu Z, Ye Q, Peng J. Transparent Flexible IGZO Thin Film Transistors Fabricated at Room Temperature. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 12:membranes12010029. [PMID: 35054555 PMCID: PMC8779149 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and fully transparent thin film transistors (TFT) were fabricated via room temperature processes. The fabricated TFT on the PEN exhibited excellent performance, including a saturation mobility (μsat) of 7.9 cm2/V·s, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 4.58 × 106, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.248 V/dec, a transparency of 87.8% at 550 nm, as well as relatively good stability under negative bias stress (NBS) and bending stress, which shows great potential in smart, portable flexible display, and wearable device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Xuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Hongke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Rihui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Research Center of Flexible Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China;
| | - Dongxiang Luo
- Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou Key Huangpu Hydrogen Innovation Center, Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuohui Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.X.)
| | - Qiannan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.N.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.Y.); (J.P.)
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19
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Oh H, Dayeh SA. An Analytical Model for Dual Gate Piezoelectrically Sensitive ZnO Thin Film Transistors. Adv Mater Technol 2021; 6:2100224. [PMID: 34485683 PMCID: PMC8409743 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental realization of piezoelectric ZnO dual-gate thin film transistors (TFTs) as highly sensitive force sensors and discuss the physical origins of its electrically tunable piezoelectric response using a simple analytical model. A dual gate TFT is fabricated on a polyimide substrate using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of piezoelectric ZnO thin film as a channel. The ZnO TFTs exhibited a field effect mobility of ~ 5 cm2/Vs, I max to I min ratio of 107, and a subthreshold slope of 700 mV/dec. Notably, the TFT exhibited static and transient current changes under external force stimuli, with varying amplitude and polarity for different gate bias regimes. To understand the current modulation of the dual-gate TFT with independently biased top and bottom gates, an analytical model is developed. The model includes accumulation channels at both surfaces and a bulk channel within the film and accounts for the force-induced piezoelectric charge density. The microscopic piezoelectric response that modulates the energy-band edges and correspondent current-voltage characteristics are accurately portrayed by our model. Finally, the field-tunable force response in single TFT is demonstrated as a function of independent bias for the top and bottom gates with a force response range from -0.29 nA/mN to 22.7 nA/mN. This work utilizes intuitive analytical models to shed light on the correlation between the material properties with the force response in piezoelectric TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseok Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Present address: Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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20
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Guo N, Li J, Yang S, Zhang J, Ni J, Cai H. Dimensional structure regulation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite and its application in thin film transistors. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:395704. [PMID: 34153963 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0d1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dimensional structure on the properties of lead iodide perovskite (C8H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1were investigated. Furthermore, perovskite thin films with different dimensionalities were applied as the channel layer of thin film transistors (TFT). The electrical performance and stability of TFT devices were significantly improved through the regulation of dimensional microstructure of the perovskites. As a result, the quasi-2D (n = 6) perovskite TFTs achieved a field-effect mobility (μFE) of 3.90 cm2V-1s-1, with 104on-off current ratio and -1.85 V threshold voltage, which can be maintained well after 4 days without degradation at 30% ambient humidity. Moreover, the electrical performance of the TFTs based on Pure-2D and Quasi-2D perovskite also exhibited a good bias stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Yang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ni
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Cai
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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21
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Kaufmann IR, Zerey O, Meyers T, Reker J, Vidor F, Hilleringmann U. A Study about Schottky Barrier Height and Ideality Factor in Thin Film Transistors with Metal/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Structures Aiming Flexible Electronics Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11051188. [PMID: 33946278 PMCID: PMC8146060 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) used for the channel region in inverted coplanar setup in Thin Film Transistors (TFT) were the focus of this study. The regions between the source electrode and the ZnO NP and the drain electrode were under investigation as they produce a Schottky barrier in metal-semiconductor interfaces. A more general Thermionic emission theory must be evaluated: one that considers both metal/semiconductor interfaces (MSM structures). Aluminum, gold, and nickel were used as metallization layers for source and drain electrodes. An organic-inorganic nanocomposite was used as a gate dielectric. The TFTs transfer and output characteristics curves were extracted, and a numerical computational program was used for fitting the data; hence information about Schottky Barrier Height (SBH) and ideality factors for each TFT could be estimated. The nickel metallization appears with the lowest SBH among the metals investigated. For this metal and for higher drain-to-source voltages, the SBH tended to converge to some value around 0.3 eV. The developed fitting method showed good fitting accuracy even when the metallization produced different SBH in each metal-semiconductor interface, as was the case for gold metallization. The Schottky effect is also present and was studied when the drain-to-source voltages and/or the gate voltage were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodrigo Kaufmann
- Sensor Technology Department, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (O.Z.); (T.M.); (J.R.); (U.H.)
- CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Onur Zerey
- Sensor Technology Department, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (O.Z.); (T.M.); (J.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Thorsten Meyers
- Sensor Technology Department, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (O.Z.); (T.M.); (J.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Julia Reker
- Sensor Technology Department, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (O.Z.); (T.M.); (J.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Fábio Vidor
- Departamento Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Tramandaí 95590-000, Brazil;
| | - Ulrich Hilleringmann
- Sensor Technology Department, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (O.Z.); (T.M.); (J.R.); (U.H.)
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22
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Zhang X, Lu K, Xu Z, Ning H, Lin Z, Qiu T, Yang Z, Zeng X, Yao R, Peng J. Amorphous NdIZO Thin Film Transistors with Contact-Resistance-Adjustable Cu S/D Electrodes. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:337. [PMID: 33946591 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-performance amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (AOS-TFT) with copper (Cu) electrodes are of great significance for next-generation large-size, high-refresh rate and high-resolution panel display technology. In this work, using rare earth dopant, neodymium-doped indium-zinc-oxide (NdIZO) film was optimized as the active layer of TFT with Cu source and drain (S/D) electrodes. Under the guidance of the Taguchi orthogonal design method from Minitab software, the semiconductor characteristics were evaluated by microwave photoconductivity decay (μ-PCD) measurement. The results show that moderate oxygen concentration (~5%), low sputtering pressure (≤5 mTorr) and annealing temperature (≤300 °C) are conducive to reducing the shallow localized states of NdIZO film. The optimized annealing temperature of this device configuration is as low as 250 °C, and the contact resistance (RC) is modulated by gate voltage (VG) instead of a constant value when annealed at 300 °C. It is believed that the adjustable RC with VG is the key to keeping both high mobility and compensation of the threshold voltage (Vth). The optimal device performance was obtained at 250 °C with an Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.89 × 107, a saturation mobility (μsat) of 24.48 cm2/(V·s) and Vth of 2.32 V.
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23
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Napari M, Huq TN, Meeth DJ, Heikkilä MJ, Niang KM, Wang H, Iivonen T, Wang H, Leskelä M, Ritala M, Flewitt AJ, Hoye RLZ, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Role of ALD Al 2O 3 Surface Passivation on the Performance of p-Type Cu 2O Thin Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4156-4164. [PMID: 33443398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-performance p-type oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have great potential for many semiconductor applications. However, these devices typically suffer from low hole mobility and high off-state currents. We fabricated p-type TFTs with a phase-pure polycrystalline Cu2O semiconductor channel grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The TFT switching characteristics were improved by applying a thin ALD Al2O3 passivation layer on the Cu2O channel, followed by vacuum annealing at 300 °C. Detailed characterization by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the surface of Cu2O is reduced following Al2O3 deposition and indicates the formation of a 1-2 nm thick CuAlO2 interfacial layer. This, together with field-effect passivation caused by the high negative fixed charge of the ALD Al2O3, leads to an improvement in the TFT performance by reducing the density of deep trap states as well as by reducing the accumulation of electrons in the semiconducting layer in the device off-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Napari
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Tahmida N Huq
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - David J Meeth
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Mikko J Heikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kham M Niang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tomi Iivonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrew J Flewitt
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
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24
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Liu H, Lu T, Li Y, Ju Z, Zhao R, Li J, Shao M, Zhang H, Liang R, Wang XR, Guo R, Chen J, Yang Y, Ren T. Flexible Quasi-van der Waals Ferroelectric Hafnium-Based Oxide for Integrated High-Performance Nonvolatile Memory. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001266. [PMID: 33042746 PMCID: PMC7539221 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric memories with ultralow-power-consumption are attracting a great deal of interest with the ever-increasing demand for information storage in wearable electronics. However, sufficient scalability, semiconducting compatibility, and robust flexibility of the ferroelectric memories remain great challenges, e.g., owing to Pb-containing materials, oxide electrode, and limited thermal stability. Here, high-performance flexible nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) via quasi-van der Waals heteroepitaxy are reported. The flexible ferroelectric HZO exhibits not only high remanent polarization up to 32.6 µC cm-2 without a wake-up effect during cycling, but also remarkably robust mechanical properties, degradation-free retention, and endurance performance under a series of bent deformations and cycling tests. Intriguingly, using HZO as a gate, flexible ferroelectric thin-film transistors with a low operating voltage of ±3 V, high on/off ratio of 6.5 × 105, and a small subthreshold slope of about 100 mV dec-1, which outperform reported flexible ferroelectric transistors, are demonstrated. The results make ferroelectric HZO a promising candidate for the next-generation of wearable, low-power, and nonvolatile memories with manufacturability and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfang Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Zhenyi Ju
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jingzhou Li
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Minghao Shao
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Renrong Liang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences & School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Tian‐Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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25
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Shim GW, Hong W, Cha JH, Park JH, Lee KJ, Choi SY. TFT Channel Materials for Display Applications: From Amorphous Silicon to Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1907166. [PMID: 32176401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the need for super-high-resolution displays with various form factors has increased, it has become necessary to produce high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) that enable faster switching and higher current driving of each pixel in the display. Over the past few decades, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been widely utilized as a TFT channel material. More recently, to meet the requirement of new types of displays such as organic light-emitting diode displays, and also to overcome the performance and reliability issues of a-Si:H, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon and amorphous oxide semiconductors have partly replaced a-Si:H channel materials. Basic material properties and device structures of TFTs in commercial displays are explored, and then the potential of atomically thin layered transition metal dichalcogenides as next-generation channel materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Woong Shim
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Woonggi Hong
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jun-Hwe Cha
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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26
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Matsumoto K, Ueno K, Hirotani J, Ohno Y, Omachi H. Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Thin Films for Flexible Transistors by Using a Cross-Linked Amine Polymer. Chemistry 2020; 26:6118-6121. [PMID: 32080906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable properties, single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (SWCNT-TFTs) are expected to be used in various flexible electronics applications. To fabricate SWCNT channel layers for TFTs, solution-based film formation on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) covered with amino groups is commonly used. However, this method uses highly oxidized surfaces, which is not suitable for flexible polymeric substrates. In this work, a solution-based SWCNT film fabrication using methoxycarbonyl polyallylamine (Moc-PAA) is reported. The NH2 -terminated surface of the cross-linked Moc-PAA layer enables the formation of highly dense and uniform SWCNT networks on both rigid and flexible substrates. TFTs that use the fabricated SWCNT thin film exhibited excellent performance with small variations. The presented simple method to access SWCNT thin film accelerates the realization of flexible nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisei Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Hirotani
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ohno
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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27
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Pyeon JJ, Baek IH, Lee WC, Lee H, Won SO, Lee GY, Chung TM, Han JH, Baek SH, Kim JS, Choi JW, Kang CY, Kim SK. Wafer-Scale, Conformal, and Low-Temperature Synthesis of Layered Tin Disulfides for Emerging Nonplanar and Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:2679-2686. [PMID: 31849212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal dichalcogenides have drawn considerable interest because they offer possibilities for the implementation of emerging electronics. The emerging electronics are moving toward two major directions: vertical expansion of device space and flexibility. However, the development of a synthesis method for 2D metal dichalcogenides that meets all the requirements remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a promising method for wafer-scale, conformal, and low-temperature (≤240 °C) synthesis of single-phase SnS2 via the atomic layer deposition technique. There is a trade-off relationship between the crystallinity and orientation preference of SnS2, which is efficiently eliminated by the two-step growth occurring at different temperatures. Consequently, the van der Waals layers of the highly crystalline SnS2 are parallel to the substrate. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) comprising the SnS2 layer show reasonable electrical performances (field-effect mobility: ∼0.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 and on/off ratio: ∼106), which are comparable to that of a single-crystal SnS2 flake. Moreover, we demonstrate nonplanar and flexible TFTs to identify the feasibility of the implementation of future electronics. Both the diagonal-structured TFT and flexible TFT fabricated without a transfer process show electrical performances comparable to those of rigid and planar TFTs. Particularly, the flexible TFT does not exhibit substantial degradation even after 2000 bending cycles. Our work would provide decisive opportunities for the implementation of future electronic devices utilizing 2D metal chalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Joon Pyeon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - In-Hwan Baek
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Woo Chul Lee
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Sung Ok Won
- Advanced Analysis Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
| | - Taek-Mo Chung
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul 01811 , Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Kim
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Chong-Yun Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Center for Electronic Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
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28
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Huo C, Dai M, Hu Y, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhang H, Jiang K, Wang P, Webster TJ, Guo L, Zhu W. Temperature Dependence Of AOS Thin Film Nano Transistors For Medical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8685-8691. [PMID: 31806964 PMCID: PMC6842275 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel temperature dependent amorphous nano oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin-film transistor (TFT) is reported here for the first time, which is vastly different from conventional behavior. In the literature, the threshold voltage of TFTs decreases with increasing temperature. Here, the threshold voltage increased at higher temperatures, which is different from previously reported results and was repeated on different samples. Methods Electrical experiments (such as I-V measurements and photoelectron spectrometer experiments) were performed in order to explain such behavior. Double sweeping gate voltage measurements were performed to investigate the mechanism for the temperature dependent behavior. Results It was found that there was a change of trap charge under thermal stress, which was released after the stress. Conclusion Non-Arrhenius behaviors (including a linear behavior) were obtained for the amorphous nano oxide thin-film transistors within 303~425 K, suggesting their potential to be adjusted by measurement processes and be applied as temperature sensors for numerous medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Dai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Micro/Nano Science & Technology Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingye Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengbo Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kemin Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, MA, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Liqiang Guo
- Micro/Nano Science & Technology Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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29
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Cho J, Hwang S, Ko DH, Chung S. Transparent ZnO Thin-Film Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis for High-Performance Metal-Oxide Field-Effect Transistors. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3423. [PMID: 31635035 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solution-based metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have emerged, with their potential for low-cost and low-temperature processability preserving their intrinsic properties of high optical transparency and high carrier mobility. In particular, MOS field-effect transistors (FETs) using the spray pyrolysis technique have drawn huge attention with the electrical performances compatible with those of vacuum-based FETs. However, further intensive investigations are still desirable, associated with the processing optimization and operational instabilities when compared to other methodologies for depositing thin-film semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate high-performing transparent ZnO FETs using the spray pyrolysis technique, exhibiting a field-effect mobility of ~14.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off ratio of ~109, and an SS of ~0.49 V/decade. We examine the optical and electrical characteristics of the prepared ZnO films formed by spray pyrolysis via various analysis techniques. The influence of spray process conditions was also studied for realizing high quality ZnO films. Furthermore, we measure and analyze time dependence of the threshold voltage (Vth) shifts and their recovery behaviors under prolonged positive and negative gate bias, which were expected to be attributed to defect creation and charge trapping at or near the interface between channel and insulator, respectively.
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30
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Hota MK, Jiang Q, Wang Z, Wang ZL, Salama KN, Alshareef HN. Integration of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors with Thin Film Electronics for On-Chip Energy Storage. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1807450. [PMID: 31058380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of self-powered electronic systems requires integration of on-chip energy-storage units to interface with various types of energy harvesters, which are intermittent by nature. Most studies have involved on-chip electrochemical microsupercapacitors that have been interfaced with energy harvesters through bulky Si-based rectifiers that are difficult to integrate. This study demonstrates transistor-level integration of electrochemical microsupercapacitors and thin film transistor rectifiers. In this approach, the thin film transistors, thin film rectifiers, and electrochemical microsupercapacitors share the same electrode material for all, which allows for a highly integrated electrochemical on-chip storage solution. The thin film rectifiers are shown to be capable of rectifying AC signal input from either triboelectric nanogenerators or standard function generators. In addition, electrochemical microsupercapacitors exhibit exceptionally slow self-discharge rate (≈18.75 mV h-1 ) and sufficient power to drive various electronic devices. This study opens a new avenue for developing compact on-chip electrochemical micropower units integrated with thin film electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors lab, Advanced Membranes, and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Zhu H, Liu A, Luque HL, Sun H, Ji D, Noh YY. Perovskite and Conjugated Polymer Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High-Performance Transistors and Phototransistors. ACS Nano 2019; 13:3971-3981. [PMID: 30844243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although organic-inorganic halide perovskites continue to generate considerable interest due to great potentials for various optoelectronic devices, there are some critical obstacles to practical applications, including lead toxicity, relatively low field-effect mobility, and strong hysteresis during operation. This paper proposes a universal approach to significantly improve mobility and operational stability with reduced dual-sweep hysteresis for perovskite-based thin film transistors (TFTs) by coupling low-dimensional lead-free perovskite material (C6H5C2H4NH3)2SnI4 (hereafter abbreviated as (PEA)2SnI4) with embedded conjugated polymer wrapped semiconducting carbon nanotubes (semi-CNTs). In (PEA)2SnI4/semi-CNT hybrid TFTs, semi-CNTs can provide highway-like transport paths, enabling smoother carrier transport with less trapping and scattering. We also demonstrate the performance of (PEA)2SnI4/semi-CNT hybrid phototransistors with ultrahigh photoresponsivity ( R) of 6.3 × 104 A/W and detectivity ( D*) of 1.12 × 1017 Jones, which is about 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the best devices available to date. The results indicate promising potentials for solution-processed perovskite/semi-CNT hybrid platforms, and the developed strategy can be applied for high-performance perovskite nanomaterial optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hector Lopez Luque
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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Sanchela AV, Wei M, Cho HJ, Ohta H. Thermopower Modulation Clarification of the Operating Mechanism in Wide Bandgap BaSnO 3 -SrSnO 3 Solid-Solution Based Thin Film Transistors. Small 2019; 15:e1805394. [PMID: 30698912 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transparent oxide semiconductor (TOS) with large bandgap (Eg ≈ 4 eV) based thin-film transistors (TFTs) showing both high carrier mobility and UV-visible transparency has attracted increasing attention as a promising component for next generation optoelectronics. Among TOSs, BaSnO3 -SrSnO3 solid-solutions (Eg = 3.5-4.2 eV) are good candidates because the single crystal shows very high mobility. However, the TFT performance has not been optimized due to the lack of fundamental knowledge especially the effective thickness (teff ) and the carrier effective mass (m*). Here, it is demonstrated that the electric field thermopower (S) modulation method addresses this problem by combining with the standard volume carrier concentration (n3D ) dependence of S measurements. By comparing the electric field accumulated sheet carrier concentration (n2D ) and n3D at same S, it is clarified that the teff (n2D /n3D ) of the conducting channel becomes thicker with increasing Sr concentration, whereas the m* becomes lighter. The former would be due to the increase of Eg and latter would be due to the enhancement of overlap population of neighboring Sn 5s orbitals. The present analyses technique is useful to experimentally clarify the teff and m*, and essentially important to realize advanced TOS-based TFTs showing both high optical transparency and high mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup V Sanchela
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mian Wei
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hai Jun Cho
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
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Sanctis S, Hoffmann RC, Koslowski N, Foro S, Bruns M, Schneider JJ. Aqueous Solution Processing of Combustible Precursor Compounds into Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) Semiconductors for Thin Film Transistor Applications. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3912-3919. [PMID: 30426698 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Combustion synthesis of semiconducting amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide IGZO (In:Ga:Zn, 7:1:1.5) thin films was carried out using urea nitrate precursor compounds of indium(III), gallium(III) and zinc(II). This approach provides further understanding towards the oxide formation process under a moderate temperature regime by employment of well-defined coordination compounds. All precursor compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal structure analysis. Their intrinsic thermal decomposition was studied by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (TG-MS/IR). For all precursors a multistep decomposition involving a complex redox-reaction pathway under in situ formation of nitrogen containing molecular species was observed. Controlled thermal conversion of a mixture of the indium, gallium and zinc urea nitrate complexes into ternary amorphous IGZO films could thus be achieved. Thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated from a defined compositional mixture of the molecular precursors. The TFT devices exhibited decent charge carrier mobilities of 0.4 and 3.1 cm2 /(Vs) after annealing of the deposited films at temperatures as low as 250 and 350 °C, respectively. This approach represents a significant step further towards a low temperature solution processing of semiconducting thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Sanctis
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Koslowski
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Department of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials-Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Alshammari FH, Hota MK, Alshareef HN. Transparent Electronics Using One Binary Oxide for All Transistor Layers. Small 2018; 14:e1803969. [PMID: 30444579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel process is developed in which thin film transistors (TFTs) comprising one binary oxide for all transistor layers (gate, source/drain, semiconductor channel, and dielectric) are fabricated in a single deposition system at low temperature. By simply changing the flow ratio of two chemical precursors, C8 H24 HfN4 and (C2 H5 )2 Zn, in an atomic layer deposition system, the electronic properties of the binary oxide (Hf x Zn1- x O2- δ or HZO) are tuned from conducting, to semiconducting, to insulating. Furthermore, by carefully optimizing the properties of the various transistor HZO layers, all-HZO thin film transistors are achieved with excellent performance on both glass and plastic substrates. Specifically, the optimized all-HZO TFTs show a saturation mobility of ≈17.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 , low subthreshold swing of ≈480 mV dec-1 , high Ion /Ioff ratio of >109 , and excellent gate bias stability at elevated temperatures. In addition, all-HZO inverters with high DC voltage gain (≈470), and all-HZO ring oscillators with low stage delay (≈408 ns) and high oscillation frequency of 245 kHz are demonstrated. This approach presents a novel, simple, high performance, and cost-effective process for the fabrication of indium-free transparent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fwzah H Alshammari
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, University of Hafr Al-Batin (UOHB), Hafr Al-Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao P, Huang J, Dong T, Xie J, Yuan J, Luo D, Liu B. Room-Temperature Fabricated Thin-Film Transistors Based on Compounds with Lanthanum and Main Family Element Boron. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061373. [PMID: 29882837 PMCID: PMC6099821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, compounds with lanthanum from the main family element Boron (LaBx) were investigated as an active layer for thin-film transistors (TFTs). Detailed studies showed that the room-temperature fabricated LaBx thin film was in the crystalline state with a relatively narrow optical band gap of 2.28 eV. The atom ration of La/B was related to the working pressure during the sputtering process and the atom ration of La/B increased with the increase of the working pressure, which will result in the freer electrons in the LaBx thin film. LaBx-TFT without any intentionally annealing steps exhibited a saturation mobility of 0.44 cm2·V−1·s−1, which is a subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.26 V/decade and a Ion/Ioff ratio larger than 104. The room-temperature process is attractive for its compatibility with almost all kinds of flexible substrates and the LaBx semiconductor may be a new choice for the channel materials in TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Ting Dong
- Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianing Xie
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Jian Yuan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Dongxiang Luo
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Baiquan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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36
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Liu X, Ning H, Chen W, Fang Z, Yao R, Wang X, Deng Y, Yuan W, Wu W, Peng J. Effect of Source/Drain Electrodes on the Electrical Properties of Silicon⁻Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E293. [PMID: 29724041 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-high definition displays have become a trend for the current flat plane displays. In this study, the contact properties of amorphous silicon⁻tin oxide thin-film transistors (a-STO TFTs) employed with source/drain (S/D) electrodes were analyzed. Ohmic contact with a good device performance was achieved when a-STO was matched with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) or Mo electrodes. The acceptor-like densities of trap states (DOS) of a-STO TFTs were further investigated by using low-frequency capacitance⁻voltage (C⁻V) characteristics to understand the impact of the electrode on the device performance. The reason of the distinct electrical performances of the devices with ITO and Mo contacts was attributed to different DOS caused by the generation of local defect states near the electrodes, which distorted the electric field distribution and formed an electrical potential barrier hindering the flow of electrons. It is of significant importance for circuit designers to design reliable integrated circuits with SnO₂-based devices applied in flat panel displays.
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Hu S, Ning H, Lu K, Fang Z, Li Y, Yao R, Xu M, Wang L, Peng J, Lu X. Mobility Enhancement in Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistor by Induced Metallic in Nanoparticles and Cu Electrodes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E197. [PMID: 29584710 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricated a high-mobility amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) based on alumina oxide (Al2O3) passivation layer (PVL) and copper (Cu) source/drain electrodes (S/D). The mechanism of the high mobility for a-IGZO TFT was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The conductivity of the channel layer was significantly improved due to the formation of metallic In nanoparticles on the back channel during Al2O3 PVL sputtering. In addition, Ar atmosphere annealing induced the Schottky contact formation between the Cu S/D and the channel layer caused by Cu diffusion. In conjunction with high conductivity channel and Schottky contact, the a-IGZO TFT based on Cu S/D and Al2O3 PVL exhibited remarkable mobility of 33.5–220.1 cm2/Vs when channel length varies from 60 to 560 μm. This work presents a feasible way to implement high mobility and Cu electrodes in a-IGZO TFT, simultaneously.
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Marette A, Poulin A, Besse N, Rosset S, Briand D, Shea H. Flexible Zinc-Tin Oxide Thin Film Transistors Operating at 1 kV for Integrated Switching of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Arrays. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1700880. [PMID: 28603892 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible high-voltage thin-film transistors (HVTFTs) operating at more than 1 kV are integrated with compliant dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) to create a flexible array of 16 independent actuators. To allow for high-voltage operation, the HVTFT implements a zinc-tin oxide channel, a thick dielectric stack, and an offset gate. At a source-drain bias of 1 kV, the HVTFT has a 20 µA on-current at a gate voltage bias of 30 V. Their electrical characteristics enable the switching of DEAs which require drive voltages of over 1 kV, making control of an array simpler in comparison to the use of external high-voltage switching. These HVTFTs are integrated in a flexible haptic display consisting of a 4 × 4 matrix of DEAs and HVTFTs. Using a single 1.4 kV supply, each DEA is independently switched by its associated HVTFT, requiring only a 30 V gate voltage for full DEA deflection. The 4 × 4 display operates well even when bent to a 5 mm radius of curvature. By enabling DEA switching at low voltages, flexible metal-oxide HVTFTs enable complex flexible systems with dozens to hundreds of independent DEAs for applications in haptics, Braille displays, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marette
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Poulin
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Besse
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Rosset
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Danick Briand
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Shea
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Khim D, Lin YH, Nam S, Faber H, Tetzner K, Li R, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang X, Anthopoulos TD. Modulation-Doped In 2 O 3 /ZnO Heterojunction Transistors Processed from Solution. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1605837. [PMID: 28295712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the controlled growth of atomically sharp In2 O3 /ZnO and In2 O3 /Li-doped ZnO (In2 O3 /Li-ZnO) heterojunctions via spin-coating at 200 °C and assesses their application in n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is shown that addition of Li in ZnO leads to n-type doping and allows for the accurate tuning of its Fermi energy. In the case of In2 O3 /ZnO heterojunctions, presence of the n-doped ZnO layer results in an increased amount of electrons being transferred from its conduction band minimum to that of In2 O3 over the interface, in a process similar to modulation doping. Electrical characterization reveals the profound impact of the presence of the n-doped ZnO layer on the charge transport properties of the isotype In2 O3 /Li-ZnO heterojunctions as well as on the operating characteristics of the resulting TFTs. By judicious optimization of the In2 O3 /Li-ZnO interface microstructure, and Li concentration, significant enhancement in both the electron mobility and TFT bias stability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Khim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungho Nam
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kornelius Tetzner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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40
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Liu D, Li P, Yu X, Gu J, Han J, Zhang S, Li H, Jin H, Qiu S, Li Q, Zhang J. A Mixed-Extractor Strategy for Efficient Sorting of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1603565. [PMID: 28026065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for sorting semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with high efficiency using a mixed-extractor is reported. When the two extractors have a sufficient difference in binding energy with s-SWNTs, and skeleton flexibility, the mixture shows enhanced yield for sorting s-SWNTs. The strategy could be effective when applied to increase the sorting yield of other selective dispersion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pan Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianting Gu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Song Qiu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Esro M, Kolosov O, Jones PJ, Milne WI, Adamopoulos G. Structural and Electrical Characterization of SiO 2 Gate Dielectrics Deposited from Solutions at Moderate Temperatures in Air. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:529-536. [PMID: 27933760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the most widely used dielectric for electronic applications. It is usually produced by thermal oxidation of silicon or by using a wide range of vacuum-based techniques. By default, the growth of SiO2 by thermal oxidation of silicon requires the use of Si substrates whereas the other deposition techniques either produce low quality or poor interface material and mostly require high deposition or annealing temperatures. Recent investigations therefore have focused on the development of alternative deposition paradigms based on solutions. Here, we report the deposition of SiO2 thin film dielectrics deposited by spray pyrolysis in air at moderate temperatures of ≈350 °C from pentane-2,4-dione solutions of SiCl4. SiO2 dielectrics were investigated by means of UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, XPS, XRD, UFM/AFM, admittance spectroscopy, and field-effect measurements. Data analysis reveals smooth (RRMS < 1 nm) amorphous films with a dielectric constant of about 3.8, an optical band gap of ≈8.1 eV, leakage current densities in the order of ≈10-7 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm, and high dielectric strength in excess of 5 MV/cm. XPS measurements confirm the SiO2 stoichiometry and FTIR spectra reveal features related to SiO2 only. Thin film transistors implementing spray-coated SiO2 gate dielectrics and C60 and pentacene semiconducting channels exhibit excellent transport characteristics, i.e., negligible hysteresis, low leakage currents, high on/off current modulation ratio on the order of 106, and high carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazran Esro
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YR, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
| | - Oleg Kolosov
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Jones
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YR, United Kingdom
| | - William I Milne
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center (QNERC), Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - George Adamopoulos
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YR, United Kingdom
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Ning H, Chen J, Fang Z, Tao R, Cai W, Yao R, Hu S, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Yang C, Peng J. Direct Inkjet Printing of Silver Source/Drain Electrodes on an Amorphous InGaZnO Layer for Thin-Film Transistors. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10010051. [PMID: 28772410 PMCID: PMC5344586 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Printing technologies for thin-film transistors (TFTs) have recently attracted much interest owing to their eco-friendliness, direct patterning, low cost, and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. Lower production costs could result if electrodes fabricated by vacuum processes could be replaced by inkjet printing. However, poor interfacial contacts and/or serious diffusion between the active layer and the silver electrodes are still problematic for achieving amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs with good electrical performance. In this paper, silver (Ag) source/drain electrodes were directly inkjet-printed on an amorphous a-IGZO layer to fabricate TFTs that exhibited a mobility of 0.29 cm2·V−1·s−1 and an on/off current ratio of over 105. To the best of our knowledge, this is a major improvement for bottom-gate top-contact a-IGZO TFTs with directly printed silver electrodes on a substrate with no pretreatment. This study presents a promising alternative method of fabricating electrodes of a-IGZO TFTs with desirable device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Tao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Rihui Yao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shiben Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhennan Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yicong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Caigui Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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43
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Scott JI, Xue X, Wang M, Kline RJ, Hoffman BC, Dougherty D, Zhou C, Bazan G, O’Connor BT. Significantly Increasing the Ductility of High Performance Polymer Semiconductors through Polymer Blending. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:14037-45. [PMID: 27200458 PMCID: PMC5494703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor monomers have recently resulted in significant gains in field effect mobility in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). These polymers incorporate fused aromatic rings and have been designed to have stiff planar backbones, resulting in strong intermolecular interactions, which subsequently result in stiff and brittle films. The complex synthesis typically required for these materials may also result in increased production costs. Thus, the development of methods to improve mechanical plasticity while lowering material consumption during fabrication will significantly improve opportunities for adoption in flexible and stretchable electronics. To achieve these goals, we consider blending a brittle donor-acceptor polymer, poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (PCDTPT), with ductile poly(3-hexylthiophene). We found that the ductility of the blend films is significantly improved compared to that of neat PCDTPT films, and when the blend film is employed in an OTFT, the performance is largely maintained. The ability to maintain charge transport character is due to vertical segregation within the blend, while the improved ductility is due to intermixing of the polymers throughout the film thickness. Importantly, the application of large strains to the ductile films is shown to orient both polymers, which further increases charge carrier mobility. These results highlight a processing approach to achieve high performance polymer OTFTs that are electrically and mechanically optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I. Scott
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xiao Xue
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - R. Joseph Kline
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Hoffman
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel Dougherty
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhou
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Guillermo Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brendan T. O’Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Corresponding Author: Corresponding author:
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Xu L, Chen Q, Liao L, Liu X, Chang TC, Chang KC, Tsai TM, Jiang C, Wang J, Li J. Rational Hydrogenation for Enhanced Mobility and High Reliability on ZnO-based Thin Film Transistors: From Simulation to Experiment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:5408-15. [PMID: 26856932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation is one of the effective methods for improving the performance of ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs), which originate from the fact that hydrogen (H) acts as a defect passivator and a shallow n-type dopant in ZnO materials. However, passivation accompanied by an excessive H doping of the channel region of a ZnO TFT is undesirable because high carrier density leads to negative threshold voltages. Herein, we report that Mg/H codoping could overcome the trade-off between performance and reliability in the ZnO TFTs. The theoretical calculation suggests that the incorporation of Mg in hydrogenated ZnO decrease the formation energy of interstitial H and increase formation energy of O-vacancy (VO). The experimental results demonstrate that the existence of the diluted Mg in hydrogenated ZnO TFTs could be sufficient to boost up mobility from 10 to 32.2 cm(2)/(V s) at a low carrier density (∼2.0 × 10(18) cm(-3)), which can be attributed to the decreased electron effective mass by surface band bending. The all results verified that the Mg/H codoping can significantly passivate the VO to improve device reliability and enhance mobility. Thus, this finding clearly points the way to realize high-performance metal oxide TFTs for low-cost, large-volume, flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Mathematics and Information Sciences, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Liu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Tsai
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinchai Li
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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45
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John RA, Nguyen AC, Chen Y, Shukla S, Chen S, Mathews N. Modulating Cationic Ratios for High-Performance Transparent Solution-Processed Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:1139-1146. [PMID: 26695104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous oxide semiconductors such as indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) are considered favorites to serve as channel materials for thin film transistors (TFTs) because they combine high charge carrier mobility with high optical transmittance, allowing for the development of transparent electronics. Although the influence of relative cationic concentrations in determining the electronic properties have been studied in sputtered and PLD films, the development of printed transparent electronics hinges on such dependencies being explored for solution-processed systems. Here, we study solution-processed indium zinc tin oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) to investigate variation in their electrical properties with change in cationic composition. Charge transport mobility ranging from 0.3 to 20.3 cm(2)/(V s), subthreshold swing ranging from 1.2 to 8.4 V/dec, threshold voltage ranging from -50 to 5 V, and drain current on-off ratio ranging from 3 to 6 orders of magnitude were obtained by examining different compositions of the semiconductor films. Mobility was found to increase with the incorporation of large cations such as In(3+) and Sn(4+) due to the vast s-orbital overlap they can achieve when compared to the intercationic distance. Subthreshold swing decreased with an increase in Zn(2+) concentration due to reduced interfacial state formation between the semiconductor and dielectric. The optimized transistor obtained at a compositional ratio of In/Zn/Sn = 1:1:1, exhibited a high field-effect mobility of 8.62 cm(2)/(V s), subthreshold swing of 1.75 V/dec, and current on-off ratio of 10(6). Such impressive performances reaffirm the promise of amorphous metal oxide semiconductors for printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Abraham John
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
| | - Anh Chien Nguyen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Singapore 637553
| | - Shi Chen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Singapore 637371
| | - Nripan Mathews
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
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Kaskela A, Mustonen K, Laiho P, Ohno Y, Kauppinen EI. Toward the Limits of Uniformity of Mixed Metallicity SWCNT TFT Arrays with Spark-Synthesized and Surface-Density-Controlled Nanotube Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:28134-41. [PMID: 26666626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of thin film transistors (TFTs) from networks of nonbundled single-walled carbon nanotubes with controlled surface densities. Individual nanotubes were synthesized by using a spark generator-based floating catalyst CVD process. High uniformity and the control of SWCNT surface density were realized by mixing of the SWCNT aerosol in a turbulent flow mixer and monitoring the online number concentration with a condensation particle counter at the reactor outlet in real time. The networks consist of predominantly nonbundled SWCNTs with diameters of 1.0-1.3 nm, mean length of 3.97 μm, and metallic to semiconducting tube ratio of 1:2. The ON/OFF ratio and charge carrier mobility of SWCNT TFTs were simultaneously optimized through fabrication of devices with SWCNT surface densities ranging from 0.36 to 1.8 μm(-2) and channel lengths and widths from 5 to 100 μm and from 100 to 500 μm, respectively. The density optimized TFTs exhibited excellent performance figures with charge carrier mobilities up to 100 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and ON/OFF current ratios exceeding 1 × 10(6), combined with high uniformity and more than 99% of devices working as theoretically expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kaskela
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yutaka Ohno
- Center of Integrated Research for Future Electronics, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Zhang J, Dong P, Gao Y, Sheng C, Li X. Performance Enhancement of ZITO Thin-Film Transistors via Graphene Bridge Layer by Sol-Gel Combustion Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:24103-24109. [PMID: 26473579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we reported the stacked structure zinc-indium-tin oxide (ZITO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with graphene nanosheets (GNSs) prepared by solution process. GNSs were used as bridge layer between dual-ZITO layers. The transmission of stacked ZITO/GNSs/ZITO films are more than 80% in the visible region and the resistivity of ZITO films with GNSs bridge layer decreased from 502.9 to 13.4 Ω cm. The solution-processed TFT devices with GNSs bridge layer exhibited a desirable characteristic with a subthreshold slope of 0.25 V/dec and current on-off ratio of 1 × 10(7), and the saturation filed effect mobility is improved to 45.9 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), which exceeds the mobility values of the pristine ZITO TFTs by one order. These results demonstrate the solution-processed ZITO/GNSs/ZITO TFTs maybe make a further step to achieve high-performance TFTs and show the potential for next-generation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yana Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chenhang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, China
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48
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Lin YY, Hsu CC, Tseng MH, Shyue JJ, Tsai FY. Stable and High-Performance Flexible ZnO Thin-Film Transistors by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:22610-22617. [PMID: 26436832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Passivation is a challenging issue for the oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) technologies because it requires prolonged high-temperature annealing treatments to remedy defects produced in the process, which greatly limits its manufacturability as well as its compatibility with temperature-sensitive materials such as flexible plastic substrates. This study investigates the defect-formation mechanisms incurred by atomic layer deposition (ALD) passivation processes on ZnO TFTs, based on which we demonstrate for the first time degradation-free passivation of ZnO TFTs by a TiO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated (TAO) film deposited by a low-temperature (110 °C) ALD process. By combining the TAO passivation film with ALD dielectric and channel layers into an integrated low-temperature ALD process, we successfully fabricate flexible ZnO TFTs on plastics. Thanks to the exceptional gas-barrier property of the TAO film (water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)<10(-6) g m(-2) day(-1)) as well as the defect-free nature of the ALD dielectric and ZnO channel layers, the TFTs exhibit excellent device performance with high stability and flexibility: field-effect mobility>20 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), subthreshold swing<0.4 V decade(-1) after extended bias-stressing (>10,000 s), air-storage (>1200 h), and bending (1.3 cm radius for 1000 times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Chen Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hung Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Feng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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49
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Afouxenidis D, Mazzocco R, Vourlias G, Livesley PJ, Krier A, Milne WI, Kolosov O, Adamopoulos G. ZnO-based thin film transistors employing aluminum titanate gate dielectrics deposited by spray pyrolysis at ambient air. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:7334-7341. [PMID: 25774574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of SiO2 gate dielectrics with metal oxides of higher dielectric constant has led to the investigation of a wide range of materials with superior properties compared with SiO2. Despite their attractive properties, these high-k dielectrics are usually manufactured using costly vacuum-based techniques. To overcome this bottleneck, research has focused on the development of alternative deposition methods based on solution-processable metal oxides. Here we report the application of spray pyrolysis for the deposition and investigation of Al2x-1·TixOy dielectrics as a function of the [Ti(4+)]/[Ti(4+)+2·Al(3+)] ratio and their implementation in thin film transistors (TFTs) employing spray-coated ZnO as the active semiconducting channels. The films are studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and field-effect measurements. Analyses reveal amorphous Al2x-1·TixOy dielectrics that exhibit a wide band gap (∼4.5 eV), low roughness (∼0.9 nm), high dielectric constant (k ∼ 13), Schottky pinning factor S of ∼0.44 and very low leakage currents (<5 nA/cm(2)). TFTs employing stoichiometric Al2O3·TiO2 gate dielectrics and ZnO semiconducting channels exhibit excellent electron transport characteristics with low operating voltages (∼10 V), negligible hysteresis, high on/off current modulation ratio of ∼10(6), subthreshold swing (SS) of ∼550 mV/dec and electron mobility of ∼10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Mazzocco
- ‡Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Vourlias
- §Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54142, Greece
| | - Peter J Livesley
- ‡Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Krier
- ‡Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - William I Milne
- ⊥Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- ∥Display Research Laboratory, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130701, South Korea
| | - Oleg Kolosov
- ‡Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - George Adamopoulos
- †Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, United Kingdom
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50
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Illiberi A, Cobb B, Sharma A, Grehl T, Brongersma H, Roozeboom F, Gelinck G, Poodt P. Spatial atmospheric atomic layer deposition of InxGayZnzO for thin film transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:3671-3675. [PMID: 25607589 DOI: 10.1021/am508071y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the nucleation and growth of InGaZnO thin films by spatial atmospheric atomic layer deposition. Diethyl zinc (DEZ), trimethyl indium (TMIn), triethyl gallium (TEGa), and water were used as Zn, In, Ga and oxygen precursors, respectively. The vaporized metal precursors have been coinjected in the reactor. The metal composition of InGaZnO has been controlled by varying the TMIn or TEGa flow to the reactor, for a given DEZ flow and exposure time. The morphology of the films changes from polycrystalline, for ZnO and In-doped ZnO, to amorphous for In-rich IZO and InGaZnO. The use of these films as the active channel in TFTs has been demonstrated and the influence of In and Ga cations on the electrical characteristics of the TFTs has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Illiberi
- Holst Centre/TNO , High Tech Campus 31, 5600 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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