1
|
Wang S, Levshov DI, Otsuka K, Zhang BW, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Liu M, Kauppinen EI, Xiang R, Chiashi S, Wenseleers W, Cambré S, Maruyama S. Evaluating the Efficiency of Boron Nitride Coating in Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructure Films by Optical Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9917-9928. [PMID: 38548470 PMCID: PMC11008362 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films exhibit exceptional optical and electrical properties, making them highly promising for scalable integrated devices. Previously, we employed SWCNT films as templates for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of one-dimensional heterostructure films where boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and molybdenum disulfide nanotubes (MoS2NTs) were coaxially nested over the SWCNT networks. In this work, we have further refined the synthesis method to achieve precise control over the BNNT coating in SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. The resulting structure of the SWCNT@BNNT films was thoroughly characterized using a combination of electron microscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Specifically, we investigated the pressure effect induced by BNNT wrapping on the SWCNTs in the SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure film and demonstrated that the shifts of the SWCNT's G and 2D (G') modes in Raman spectra can be used as a probe of the efficiency of BNNT coating. In addition, we studied the impact of vacuum annealing on the removal of the initial doping in SWCNTs, arising from exposure to ambient atmosphere, and examined the effect of MoO3 doping in SWCNT films by using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We show that through correlation analysis of the G and 2D (G') modes in Raman spectra, it is possible to discern distinct types of doping effects as well as the influence of applied pressure on the SWCNTs within SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the strain and doping effect in both SWCNTs and SWCNT@BNNTs, thereby providing valuable insights for future applications of carbon-nanotube-based one-dimensional heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dmitry I. Levshov
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Espoo 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim S, Han J, Choi JM, Nam JS, Lee IH, Lee Y, Novikov IV, Kauppinen EI, Lee K, Jeon I. Aerosol-Synthesized Surfactant-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based NO 2 Sensors: Unprecedentedly High Sensitivity and Fast Recovery. Adv Mater 2024:e2313830. [PMID: 38588005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This study pioneers a chemical sensor based on surfactant-free aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films for detecting nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Unlike conventional CNTs, the SWCNTs used in this study exhibit one of the highest surface-to-volume ratios. They show minimal bundling without the need for surfactants and have the lowest number of defects among reported CNTs. Furthermore, the dry-transferrable and facile one-step lamination results in promising industrial viability. When applied to devices, the sensor shows excellent sensitivity (41.6% at 500 ppb), rapid response/recovery time (14.2/120.8 s), a remarkably low limit of detection (below ≈0.161 ppb), minimal noise, repeatability for more than 50 cycles without fluctuation, and long-term stability for longer than 6 months. This is the best performance reported for a pure CNT-based sensor. In addition, the aerosol SWCNTs demonstrate consistent gas-sensing performance even after 5000 bending cycles, indicating their suitability for wearable applications. Based on experimental and theoretical analyses, the proposed aerosol CNTs are expected to overcome the limitations associated with conventional CNT-based sensors, thereby offering a promising avenue for various sensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihyeok Kim
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Han
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Choi
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hyun Lee
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeounggyu Lee
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilya V Novikov
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science Aalto University, Aalto, 15100, Finland
| | - Keekeun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jeon
- Department of Nano Engineering, Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Zou M, Wang H, Zhang L, Xing M, He M, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Kauppinen EI, Xin F, Tian Y. Upconversion nanoparticles@single-walled carbon nanotubes composites as efficient self-monitored photo-thermal agents. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123173. [PMID: 37499470 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) usually relies on a macroscopic heat source to raise the temperature of tissues to 41-45 °C, which not only kills the pathological cells but causes severe side effects on nearby normal tissues, thus reducing the accuracy of PTT. Here we successfully fabricated nanocomposites of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4:Yb3+@SiO2-SWCNTs, in which the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) serve as real-time temperature-feedback moiety and the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) serve as efficient nano-heaters. The sample displays an excellent photothermal conversion capacity, i.e., the temperature of the aqueous dispersion increases from 23.3 °C up to 60.1 °C under 980 nm excitation due to the intense absorption and highly efficient heat generation of SWCNTs. Meanwhile, the temperature of the nanocomposites is monitored in real time based on the fluorescent intensity ratio of UCNPs. The in-vitro experiments demonstrate that the temperature of the nanocomposites at tissue injection of 1 mm can reach PTT temperature of 42.2 °C with a facile surrounding temperature of 36.2 °C under moderate laser power (980 nm, 2.0 W cm-2). These results provide a novel design for multifunctional nanocomposites that enable safe and controlled PTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Mengke Zou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingming Xing
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Maoshuai He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Honda Research Institute, Inc. 70 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Fangyun Xin
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gulo DP, Hung NT, Chen WL, Wang S, Liu M, Kauppinen EI, Maruyama S, Chang YM, Saito R, Liu HL. Interacting Phonons between Layers in Raman Spectra of Carbon Nanotubes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10263-10270. [PMID: 37939010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the resonant Raman spectra of a single-wall carbon nanotube inside a multiwall boron nitride nanotube (SWNT@BNNT). At EL = 1.58 eV, SWNT@BNNT exhibited resonant Raman spectra at 807 (ωBN) and 804 cm-1 (ωGr). Their intensities almost disappeared at EL = 2.33 eV. We assigned ωBN to the out-of-plane BN phonon mode that coupled with ωGr. At EL = 4.66 eV, the G+ and G- bands of the SWNT@BNNT red-shifted 3.8 cm-1 compared with the SWNT, suggesting the interwall interactions between the in-plane modes of SWNT and BNNT. Moreover, the E2g mode of the BNNT in SWNT@BNNT appeared at 1370.3 ± 0.1 cm-1, which is undistinguishable for EL < 3 eV because of the overlap with the D band frequency. The assignment of the present Raman spectra was confirmed through the first-principles calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Riichiro Saito
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng J, Li D, Cui X, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, Sun J, Chen X, Yang H, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z. Temporal soliton dynamics of synchronised ultrafast fibre lasers. Opt Express 2023; 31:32373-32382. [PMID: 37859042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Synchronised ultrafast soliton lasers have attracted great research interest in recent decades. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the buildup mechanism of synchronised pulses. Here, we report a dynamic analysis of independent and synchronised solitons buildup mechanisms in synchronised ultrafast soliton lasers. The laser comprises an erbium-doped fibre cavity and a thulium-doped fibre cavity bridged with a common arm. Pulses operating at two different wavelengths formed in the cavities are synchronised by cross-phase modulation-induced soliton correlation in the common fibre arm. We find that the whole buildup process of the thulium-doped fibre laser successively undergoes five different stages: continuous wave, relaxation oscillation, quasi-mode-locking, continuous wave mode-locking and synchronised mode-locking. It is found that the starting time of the synchronised solitons is mainly determined by the meeting time of dual-color solitons. Our results will further deepen the understanding of dual-color synchronised lasers and enrich the study of complex nonlinear system dynamics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Burdanova MG, Tsapenko AP, Ahmad S, Kauppinen EI, Lloyd-Hughes J. Ultrafast THz spectroscopy of carbon nanotube-graphene composites. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 37369189 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace1f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-nanomaterial composites can combine the excellent properties of well-known low-dimensional nanomaterials. Here we highlight the potential of one-dimensional single-walled carbon nanotubes interfaced with two-dimensional graphene by exploring the composite's ac conductivity and photoconductivity, and the influence of HAuCl4doping. In the composite, the equilibrium terahertz conductivity from free carrier motion was boosted, while the localised plasmon peak shifted towards higher frequencies, which we attribute to shorter conductivity pathways in the composite. A negative terahertz photoconductivity was observed for all samples under 410nm optical excitation and was reproduced by a simple model, where the Drude spectral weight and the momentum scattering rate were both lowered under photoexcitation. The composite had an enhanced modulation depth in comparison to reference carbon nanotube films, while retaining their characteristically fast (picosecond) response time. The results show that CNT-graphene composites offer new opportunities in devices by controlling charge carrier transport and tuning their optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Burdanova
- Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands, CV4 7AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Alexey P Tsapenko
- Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, Aalto, 00076, FINLAND
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, Aalto, 00076, FINLAND
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, Aalto, 00076, FINLAND
| | - James Lloyd-Hughes
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands, CV4 7AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng J, Li D, Liu P, Cui X, Geng W, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z. Synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers at 1, 1.55, and 1.9 µm. Opt Lett 2023; 48:2619-2622. [PMID: 37186723 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synchronized lasers working at different wavelengths are of great significance for numerous applications, such as high-energy femtosecond pulse emission, Raman microscopy, and precise timing distribution. Here, we report synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers working at 1, 1.55, and 1.9 µm, respectively, by combining the coupling and injection configurations. The laser system consists of three fiber resonators gained by ytterbium-doped fiber, erbium-doped fiber, and thulium-doped fiber, respectively. Ultrafast optical pulses formed in these resonators are obtained by passive mode-locking with the use of a carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. A maximum cavity mismatch of ∼1.4 mm is reached by the synchronized triple-wavelength fiber lasers in the synchronization regime by finely tuning the variable optical delay lines incorporated in the fiber cavities. In addition, we investigate the synchronization characteristics of a non-polarization-maintaining fiber laser in an injection configuration. Our results provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, perspective on multi-color synchronized ultrafast lasers with broad spectral coverage, high compactness, and a tunable repetition rate.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding EX, Liu P, Yoon HH, Ahmed F, Du M, Shafi AM, Mehmood N, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z, Lipsanen H. Highly Sensitive MoS 2 Photodetectors Enabled with a Dry-Transferred Transparent Carbon Nanotube Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4216-4225. [PMID: 36635093 PMCID: PMC9880956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating electronic and optoelectronic devices by transferring pre-deposited metal electrodes has attracted considerable attention, owing to the improved device performance. However, the pre-deposited metal electrode typically involves complex fabrication procedures. Here, we introduce our facile electrode fabrication process which is free of lithography, lift-off, and reactive ion etching by directly press-transferring a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film. We fabricated Schottky diodes for photodetector applications using dry-transferred SWCNT films as the transparent electrode to increase light absorption in photoactive MoS2 channels. The MoS2 flake vertically stacked with an SWCNT electrode can exhibit excellent photodetection performance with a responsivity of ∼2.01 × 103 A/W and a detectivity of ∼3.2 × 1012 Jones. Additionally, we carried out temperature-dependent current-voltage measurement and Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot analysis to explore the dominant charge transport mechanism. The enhanced photodetection in the vertical configuration is found to be attributed to the FN tunneling and internal photoemission of charge carriers excited from indium tin oxide across the MoS2 layer. Our study provides a novel concept of using a photoactive MoS2 layer as a tunneling layer itself with a dry-transferred transparent SWCNT electrode for high-performance and energy-efficient optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Xiong Ding
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Hoon Hahn Yoon
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Mingde Du
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Abde Mayeen Shafi
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Naveed Mehmood
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmad S, Zhang Q, Ding EX, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI. Multi-Nucleation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
Sun Y, Li P, Kauppinen EI, Sun DM, Ohno Y. Key factors for ultra-high on/off ratio thin-film transistors using as-grown carbon nanotube networks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16291-16295. [PMID: 35733664 PMCID: PMC9157530 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of as-grown carbon nanotube (CNT) networks are metallic, usually leading to a trade-off between carrier mobility and on/off ratio in CNT thin-film transistors (TFTs). Figuring out the key factors of ultra-high on/off ratio in CNT TFTs should be considerably essential for the development of large-scale electronic devices in the future. Here ultra-high on/off ratios of 107–108 are realized for CNT TFTs with mobility of ∼500 cm2 V−1 s−1. We propose that one of the key factors to achieve the high on/off ratio is a clean CNT thin film without charge traps and doping due to residual dispersant used in conventional solution processes. Moreover, on/off ratio degradation under operation voltage is significantly suppressed by decreasing the diameter of CNTs. A full comprehension about the key factors to achieve ultrahigh on/off ratio thin-film transistors using as-grown CNT networks has been provided, including residual surfactants, chemical doping and CNT diameter.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China .,School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China .,School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science PO Box 15100 FI-00076 Aalto Espoo Finland
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China .,School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yutaka Ohno
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee S, Nam JS, Han J, Zhang Q, Kauppinen EI, Jeon I. Carbon Nanotube Mask Filters and Their Hydrophobic Barrier and Hyperthermic Antiviral Effects on SARS-CoV-2. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2021; 4:8135-8144. [PMID: 37556284 PMCID: PMC8315256 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube face mask filters have strong and uniform hydrophobicity, high durability, and high thermal conductivity and exhibit excellent barrier and antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. The nanocarbon filter functions as a superior barrier compared to those in conventional masks owing to the stronger, more uniform, and more durable hydrophobic nature of the carbon nanotubes. A tightly knit carbon nanotube network has a pore size smaller than that of the average coronavirus; nevertheless, the breathability is equal to that of the conventional polypropylene filter. The exceptional thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes transpires hyperthermic antiviral effects, which offers stronger protection against the virus, as well as reusability. The facile processability, low cost, and light weight of the aerosol-synthesized carbon nanotube filter warrants its viability, reinforcing the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of
Chemical Materials, Crystal bank Institute, Pusan National
University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology,
Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of
Chemical Materials, Crystal bank Institute, Pusan National
University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology,
Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Han
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of
Chemical Materials, Crystal bank Institute, Pusan National
University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology,
Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241,
Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto
University School of Science, Aalto FI-00076,
Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto
University School of Science, Aalto FI-00076,
Finland
| | - Il Jeon
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of
Chemical Materials, Crystal bank Institute, Pusan National
University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology,
Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan 46241,
Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu M, Hisama K, Zheng Y, Maruyama M, Seo S, Anisimov A, Inoue T, Kauppinen EI, Okada S, Chiashi S, Xiang R, Maruyama S. Photoluminescence from Single-Walled MoS 2 Nanotubes Coaxially Grown on Boron Nitride Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2021; 15:8418-8426. [PMID: 33881302 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled and multiwalled molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanotubes have been coaxially synthesized on small-diameter boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) that are obtained from removing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in heteronanotubes of SWCNTs coated by BNNTs. The photoluminescence (PL) from single-walled MoS2 nanotubes supported by core BNNTs is observed in this work, which evidences the direct bandgap structure of single-walled MoS2 nanotubes with a diameter around 6-7 nm. The observation is consistent with our DFT results that the single-walled MoS2 nanotube changes from an indirect-gap to a direct-gap semiconductor when the diameter of a nanotube is more than around 5.2 nm. On the other hand, when there are SWCNTs inside the heteronanotubes of BNNTs and single-walled MoS2 nanotubes, the PL signal from MoS2 nanotubes is considerably quenched. The charge transfer and energy transfer between SWCNTs and single-walled MoS2 nanotubes were examined through characterizations by PL, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the PL signal from multiwalled MoS2 nanotubes is significantly quenched. Single-walled and multiwalled MoS2 nanotubes exhibit different Raman features in both resonant and nonresonant Raman spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hisama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang P, Feng Y, Xiang R, Inoue T, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Chiashi S, Maruyama S. Phenomenological model of thermal transport in carbon nanotube and hetero-nanotube films. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:205708. [PMID: 33513593 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The thermal properties of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been well documented in the literature following decades of intensive study. However, when SWCNTs form a macroscale assembly, the thermal transport in these complex structures usually not only depends on the properties of the individual tubes, but also is affected and sometimes dominated by inner structural details, e.g. bundles and junctions. In this work, we first performed an experimental measurement of the thermal conductivities of individual SWCNT bundles of different sizes using a suspended micro-thermometer. The results, together with the data that we obtained from a previous work, give a complete experimental understanding of the effect of bundling on the thermal conductivity of SWCNTs. With these quantitative understandings, we propose a phenomenological model to describe the thermal transport in two-dimensional (2D) SWCNT films. The term 'line density' is defined to describe the effective thermal transport channels in this complex 2D network. Along with experimentally obtained geometric statistics and film transparency, the thermal conductance of SWCNTs is estimated, and the effects of bundle length, diameter, and contact conductance are systematically discussed. Finally, we extend this model to explain thermal transport in 2D networks of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, which are coaxial hetero-nanotubes we recently synthesized using SWCNTs as the template. This extended model suggests that the contribution of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to the overall performance of a SWCNT-BNNT heterostructured film depends on the transparency of the original SWCNT film. The increase in the thermal conductance of a highly transparent film is estimated to be larger than that of a less transparent film, which shows a good agreement with our experimental observations and proves the validity of the proposed phenomenological model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyingkai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoon J, Kim U, Yoo Y, Byeon J, Lee S, Nam J, Kim K, Zhang Q, Kauppinen EI, Maruyama S, Lee P, Jeon I. Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotube-Embedded Ultrathin Polyimide Conductor. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004092. [PMID: 33854897 PMCID: PMC8025023 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, foldable electronics technology has become the focus of both academic and industrial research. The foldable device technology is distinct from flexible technology, as foldable devices have to withstand severe mechanical stresses such as those caused by an extremely small bending radius of 0.5 mm. To realize foldable devices, transparent conductors must exhibit outstanding mechanical resilience, for which they must be micrometer-thin, and the conducting material must be embedded into a substrate. Here, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-polyimide (PI) composite film with a thickness of 7 µm is synthesized and used as a foldable transparent conductor in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). During the high-temperature curing of the CNTs-embedded PI conductor, the CNTs are stably and strongly p-doped using MoO x , resulting in enhanced conductivity and hole transportability. The ultrathin foldable transparent conductor exhibits a sheet resistance of 82 Ω sq.-1 and transmittance of 80% at 700 nm, with a maximum-power-point-tracking-output of 15.2% when made into a foldable solar cell. The foldable solar cells can withstand more than 10 000 folding cycles with a folding radius of 0.5 mm. Such mechanically resilient PSCs are unprecedented; further, they exhibit the best performance among the carbon-nanotube-transparent-electrode-based flexible solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungjin Yoon
- Photo‐Electronic Hybrids Research Center, National Agenda Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Unsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy SystemsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Yoo
- Photo‐Electronic Hybrids Research Center, National Agenda Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy SystemsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Junseop Byeon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy SystemsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung‐Ki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Seok Nam
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC)Pusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC)Pusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied PhysicsAalto University School of ScienceAaltoFI‐00076Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied PhysicsAalto University School of ScienceAaltoFI‐00076Finland
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Phillip Lee
- Photo‐Electronic Hybrids Research Center, National Agenda Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jeon
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate School of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC)Pusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐8656Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei N, Tian Y, Liao Y, Komatsu N, Gao W, Lyuleeva-Husemann A, Zhang Q, Hussain A, Ding EX, Yao F, Halme J, Liu K, Kono J, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI. Colors of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006395. [PMID: 33314478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit various colors in suspension, directly synthesized SWCNT films usually appear black. Recently, a unique one-step method for directly fabricating green and brown films has been developed. Such remarkable progress, however, has brought up several new questions. The coloration mechanism, potentially achievable colors, and color controllability of SWCNTs are unknown. Here, a quantitative model is reported that can predict the specific colors of SWCNT films and unambiguously identify the coloration mechanism. Using this model, colors of 466 different SWCNT species are calculated, which reveals a broad spectrum of potentially achievable colors of SWCNTs. The calculated colors are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the theory predicts the existence of many brilliantly colored SWCNT films, which are experimentally expected. This study shows that SWCNTs as a form of pure carbon, can display a full spectrum of vivid colors, which is expected to complement the general understanding of carbon materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yongping Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Aqeel Hussain
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Er-Xiong Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Fengrui Yao
- School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Janne Halme
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chao HY, Jiang H, Ospina-Acevedo F, Balbuena PB, Kauppinen EI, Cumings J, Sharma R. A structure and activity relationship for single-walled carbon nanotube growth confirmed by in situ observations and modeling. Nanoscale 2020; 12:21923-21931. [PMID: 33112348 PMCID: PMC8178585 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05916a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure and phase transformation of a cobalt (Co) catalyst, during single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth, is elucidated for inactive, active and deactivated nanoparticles by in situ imaging using an environmental transmission electron microscope. During nanotube growth, the structure was analyzed using Miller indices to determine the types of planes that favor anchoring or liftoff of nanotubes from the Co catalyst. Density functional theory was further applied to model the catalyst interactions to compare the work of adhesion of the catalyst's faceted planes to understand the interactions of different Miller planes with the graphene structure. Through in-depth studies of multiple distinct Co nanoparticles, we established a dominant nanoparticle phase for SWCNT growth. In addition, we identified the preferred lattice planes and a threshold for work of adhesion to allow the anchoring and liftoff of SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Zhou W, Xia X, Li K, Zhang N, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Fan Q, Kauppinen EI, Xie S. Transparent and Freestanding Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Synthesized Directly and Continuously via a Blown Aerosol Technique. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2004277. [PMID: 32851708 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are promising materials as flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). Here, inspired by the extrusion blown plastic film technique and the SWCNT synthesis approach by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD), a novel blown aerosol chemical vapor deposition (BACVD) method is reported to directly and continuously produce freestanding SWCNT TCFs at several hundred meters per hour. The synthesis mechanism, involving blowing a stable aerosol bubble and transforming the bubble into an aerogel, is investigated, and a general phase diagram is established for this method. For the SWCNT TCFs via BACVD, both carbon conversion efficiency and SWCNT TCF yield can reach three orders of magnitude higher than those with the conventional FCCVD. The film displays a sheet resistance of 40 ohm sq-1 at 90% transmittance after being doped, representing the record performance based on large-scale SWCNT films. Transparent, flexible, and stretchable electrodes based on BACVD films are demonstrated. Moreover, this high-throughput method of producing SWCNT TCFs can be compatible with the roll-to-roll process for mass production of flexible displays, touch screens, solar cells, and solid-state lighting, and is expected to have a broad and long-term impact on many fields from consumer electronics to energy conversion and generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Guangdong, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhuojian Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Guangdong, Dongguan, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hussain A, Ding EX, Mclean B, Mustonen K, Ahmad S, Tavakkoli M, Page AJ, Zhang Q, Kotakoski J, Kauppinen EI. Scalable growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a highly uniform structure. Nanoscale 2020; 12:12263-12267. [PMID: 32495811 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01919d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, a scalable floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method is developed for the production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a controlled structure. For the first time, water is used as the growth promoter in the FCCVD process to modulate the growth of SWCNTs. At an optimum water concentration of ca. 115 ppm, the water-assisted FCCVD process synthesizes SWCNTs with a significantly narrow chirality distribution. In particular, the proportion of (9,8) and (8,7) semiconducting tubes was dramatically enhanced to 45% with 27% of the (9,8) tube in the end product. This is attributed to the changes in both the SWCNT diameter and the chiral angle. The experiment results and accurate quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations show that the addition of water affects the nucleation and the size distribution of nanoparticle catalysts, thus resulting in the growth of SWCNTs with a highly uniform structure. This direct and continuous water-assisted FCCVD provides the possibility for the mass production of high-quality SWCNTs with a controlled structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Hussain
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Er-Xiong Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Ben Mclean
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Alister J Page
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mynttinen E, Wester N, Lilius T, Kalso E, Mikladal B, Varjos I, Sainio S, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Electrochemical Detection of Oxycodone and Its Main Metabolites with Nafion-Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8218-8227. [PMID: 32412733 PMCID: PMC7735650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Oxycodone is a strong opioid
frequently used as an analgesic. Although proven efficacious in the
management of moderate to severe acute pain and cancer pain, use of
oxycodone imposes a risk of adverse effects such as addiction, overdose,
and death. Fast and accurate determination of oxycodone blood concentration
would enable personalized dosing and monitoring of the analgesic as
well as quick diagnostics of possible overdose in emergency care.
However, in addition to the parent drug, several metabolites are always
present in the blood after a dose of oxycodone, and to date, there
is no electrochemical data available on any of these metabolites.
In this paper, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) electrode and
a Nafion-coated SWCNT electrode were used, for the first time, to
study the electrochemical behavior of oxycodone and its two main metabolites,
noroxycodone and oxymorphone. Both electrode types could selectively
detect oxycodone in the presence of noroxycodone and oxymorphone.
However, we have previously shown that addition of a Nafion coating
on top of the SWCNT electrode is essential for direct measurements
in complex biological matrices. Thus, the Nafion/SWCNT electrode was
further characterized and used for measuring clinically relevant concentrations
of oxycodone in buffer solution. The limit of detection for oxycodone
with the Nafion/SWCNT sensor was 85 nM, and the linear range was 0.5–10
μM in buffer solution. This study shows that the fabricated
Nafion/SWCNT sensor has potential to be applied in clinical concentration
measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsi Mynttinen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomas Lilius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Tukholmankatu 8C, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2A, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ilkka Varjos
- Canatu Oy, Tiilenlyöjänkuja 9, 01720 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Burdanova MG, Kashtiban RJ, Zheng Y, Xiang R, Chiashi S, Woolley JM, Staniforth M, Sakamoto-Rablah E, Xie X, Broome M, Sloan J, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Maruyama S, Lloyd-Hughes J. Ultrafast Optoelectronic Processes in 1D Radial van der Waals Heterostructures: Carbon, Boron Nitride, and MoS 2 Nanotubes with Coexisting Excitons and Highly Mobile Charges. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3560-3567. [PMID: 32324411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures built from 2D, atomically thin crystals are bound by the van der Waals force and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. Here, we report the structure, composition and optoelectronic properties of 1D van der Waals heterostructures comprising carbon nanotubes wrapped by atomically thin nanotubes of boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The high quality of the composite was directly made evident on the atomic scale by transmission electron microscopy, and on the macroscopic scale by a study of the heterostructure's equilibrium and ultrafast optoelectronics. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy across the visible and terahertz frequency ranges identified that, in the MoS2 nanotubes, excitons coexisted with a prominent population of free charges. The electron mobility was comparable to that found in high-quality atomically thin crystals. The high mobility of the MoS2 nanotubes highlights the potential of 1D van der Waals heterostructures for nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Burdanova
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza J Kashtiban
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jack Matthew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Sakamoto-Rablah
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Xie
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Broome
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Sloan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - James Lloyd-Hughes
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang P, Zheng Y, Inoue T, Xiang R, Shawky A, Watanabe M, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Chiashi S, Maruyama S. Enhanced In-Plane Thermal Conductance of Thin Films Composed of Coaxially Combined Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Boron Nitride Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2020; 14:4298-4305. [PMID: 32271541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are one-dimensional materials with high thermal conductivity and similar crystal structures. Additionally, BNNTs feature higher thermal stability in air than CNTs. In this work, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film was used as a template to synthesize a BNNT coating by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to form a coaxial heterostructure. Then, a contact-free steady-state infrared (IR) method was adopted to measure the in-plane sheet thermal conductance of the as-synthesized film. The heterostructured SWCNT-BNNT film demonstrates an enhanced sheet thermal conductance compared with the bare SWCNT film. The increase in sheet thermal conductance shows a reverse relationship with SWCNT film transparency. An enhancement of over 80% (from ∼3.6 to ∼6.4 μW·K-1·sq-1) is attained when the BNNT coating is applied to an SWCNT film with a transparency of 87%. This increase is achieved by BNNTs serving as an additional thermal conducting path. The relationship between the thermal conductance increase and transparency of the SWCNT film is studied by a structured modeling of the SWCNT film. We also discuss the effect of annealing on the thermal conductance of SWCNTs before BNNT growth. Along with the preservation of high electrical conductance, the enhanced thermal conductance of the heterostructured SWCNT-BNNT films makes them a promising building block for thermal and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyingkai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ahmed Shawky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Advanced Materials Division, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Energy NanoEngineering Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8654, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiang R, Inoue T, Zheng Y, Kumamoto A, Qian Y, Sato Y, Liu M, Tang D, Gokhale D, Guo J, Hisama K, Yotsumoto S, Ogamoto T, Arai H, Kobayashi Y, Zhang H, Hou B, Anisimov A, Maruyama M, Miyata Y, Okada S, Chiashi S, Li Y, Kong J, Kauppinen EI, Ikuhara Y, Suenaga K, Maruyama S. One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Science 2020; 367:537-542. [PMID: 32001649 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals heterostructures, a class of materials where different atomic layers are coaxially stacked. We demonstrate the growth of single-crystal layers of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). For the latter, larger-diameter nanotubes that overcome strain effect were more readily synthesized. We also report a 5-nanometer-diameter heterostructure consisting of an inner SWCNT, a middle three-layer BN nanotube, and an outer MoS2 nanotube. Electron diffraction verifies that all shells in the heterostructures are single crystals. This work suggests that all of the materials in the current 2D library could be rolled into their 1D counterparts and a plethora of function-designable 1D heterostructures could be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihito Kumamoto
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yang Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daiming Tang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Devashish Gokhale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaoru Hisama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yotsumoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ogamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hayato Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bo Hou
- Energy NanoEngineering Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| | | | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Energy NanoEngineering Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tavakkoli M, Flahaut E, Peljo P, Sainio J, Davodi F, Lobiak EV, Mustonen K, Kauppinen EI. Mesoporous Single-Atom-Doped Graphene–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid: Synthesis and Tunable Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tavakkoli
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP No 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Physical Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Physics, Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jani Sainio
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Fatemeh Davodi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Egor V. Lobiak
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wester N, Mynttinen E, Etula J, Lilius T, Kalso E, Kauppinen EI, Laurila T, Koskinen J. Simultaneous Detection of Morphine and Codeine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid and in Human Plasma at Nafion Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Electrode. ACS Omega 2019; 4:17726-17734. [PMID: 31681878 PMCID: PMC6822113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In clinical settings, the dosing and differential diagnosis of the poisoning of morphine (MO) and codeine (CO) is challenging due to interindividual variations in metabolism. However, direct electrochemical detection of these analytes from biological matrices is inherently challenging due to interference from large concentrations of anions, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), as well as fouling of the electrode by proteins. In this work, a disposable Nafion-coated single-walled carbon nanotube network (SWCNT) electrode was developed. We show facile electron transfer and efficient charge separation between the interfering anions and positively charged MO and CO, as well as significantly reduced matrix effect in human plasma. The Nafion coating alters the voltammetric response of MO and CO, enabling simultaneous detection. With this SWCNT/Nafion electrode, two linear ranges of 0.05-1 and 1-10 μM were found for MO and one linear range of 0.1-50 μM for CO. Moreover, the selective and simultaneous detection of MO and CO was achieved in large excess of AA and UA, as well as, for the first time, in unprocessed human plasma. The favorable properties of this electrode enabled measurements in plasma with only mild dilution and without the precipitation of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wester
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - Elsi Mynttinen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jarkko Etula
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomas Lilius
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, University of
Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Tukholmankatu 8C, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Pain
Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2A, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liao Y, Mustonen K, Tulić S, Skákalová V, Khan SA, Laiho P, Zhang Q, Li C, Monazam MRA, Kotakoski J, Lipsanen H, Kauppinen EI. Enhanced Tunneling in a Hybrid of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene. ACS Nano 2019; 13:11522-11529. [PMID: 31497949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and conductive films (TCFs) are of great technological importance. Their high transmittance, electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength make single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) a good candidate for the raw material for TCFs. Despite the ballistic transport in individual SWCNTs, electrical conductivity of SWCNT networks is limited by low efficiency of charge tunneling between the tube elements. Here, we demonstrate that the nanotube network sheet resistance at high optical transmittance is decreased by more than 50% when fabricated on graphene. This is a comparable improvement as that obtained through gold chloride (AuCl3) doping. However, while Raman spectroscopy reveals substantial changes in spectral features of AuCl3 doped nanotubes, this does not occur with graphene. Instead, temperature-dependent transport measurements indicate that a graphene substrate reduces the tunneling barrier heights, while its parallel conductivity contribution is almost negligible. Finally, we show that combining the graphene substrate and AuCl3 doping, brings the SWCNT thin film sheet resistance down to 36 Ω/□.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liao
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Semir Tulić
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Viera Skákalová
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sabbir A Khan
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering , Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering , P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | | | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering , Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering , P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jeon I, Shawky A, Lin HS, Seo S, Okada H, Lee JW, Pal A, Tan S, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Yang Y, Manzhos S, Maruyama S, Matsuo Y. Controlled Redox of Lithium-Ion Endohedral Fullerene for Efficient and Stable Metal Electrode-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16553-16558. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- KU-KIST Green School Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ahmed Shawky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Advanced Materials Division, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amrita Pal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA #07-08, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shaun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes Quebec J3 × 1S2, Canada
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Energy NanoEngineering Lab., National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inani H, Mustonen K, Markevich A, Ding EX, Tripathi M, Hussain A, Mangler C, Kauppinen EI, Susi T, Kotakoski J. Silicon Substitution in Nanotubes and Graphene via Intermittent Vacancies. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2019; 123:13136-13140. [PMID: 31156738 PMCID: PMC6539548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene can be modified by the presence of covalently bound impurities. Although this can be achieved by introducing chemical additives during synthesis, it often hinders growth and leads to limited crystallite size and quality. Here, through the simultaneous formation of vacancies with low-energy argon plasma and the thermal activation of adatom diffusion by laser irradiation, silicon impurities are incorporated into the lattice of both materials. After an exposure of ∼1 ion/nm2, we find Si-substitution densities of 0.15 nm-2 in graphene and 0.05 nm-2 in nanotubes, as revealed by atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy. In good agreement with predictions of Ar irradiation effects in SWCNTs, we find Si incorporated in both mono- and divacancies, with ∼2/3 being of the first type. Controlled inclusion of impurities in the quasi-1D and -2D carbon lattices may prove useful for applications such as gas sensing, and a similar approach might also be used to substitute other elements with migration barriers lower than that of carbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Inani
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Markevich
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Er-Xiong Ding
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mukesh Tripathi
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aqeel Hussain
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Clemens Mangler
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Toma Susi
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee JW, Jeon I, Lin HS, Seo S, Han TH, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Matsuo Y, Maruyama S, Yang Y. Vapor-Assisted Ex-Situ Doping of Carbon Nanotube toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano Lett 2019; 19:2223-2230. [PMID: 30517789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been considered as a promising material for a top electrode of perovskite solar cells owing to its hydrophobic nature, earth-abundance, and mechanical robustness. However, its poor conductivity, a shallow work function, and nonreflective nature have limited further enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of top CNT electrode-based perovskite solar cells. Here, we introduced a simple and scalable method to address these issues by utilizing an ex-situ vapor-assisted doping method. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) vapor doping of the free-standing CNT sheet enabled tuning of conductivity and work function of the CNT electrode without damaging underneath layers. The sheet resistance of the CNT sheet was decreased by 21.3% with an increase in work function from 4.75 to 4.96 eV upon doping of TFMS. In addition, recently developed 2D perovskite-protected Cs-containing formamidium lead iodide (FACsPbI3) technology was employed to maximize the absorption. Because of the lowered resistance, better energy alignment, and improved absorption, the CNT electrode-based PSCs produced a PCE of 17.6% with a JSC of 24.21 mA/cm2, VOC of 1.005 V, and FF of 0.72. Furthermore, the resulting TFMS-doped CNT-PSCs demonstrated higher thermal and operational stability than bare CNT and metal electrode-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Anton Anisimov
- Canatu, Ltd. , Konalankuja 5 , FI-00390 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Energy Nano Engineering Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ibaraki 305-8564 , Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nano Systems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tonkikh AA, Tsebro VI, Obraztsova EA, Rybkovskiy DV, Orekhov AS, Kondrashov II, Kauppinen EI, Chuvilin AL, Obraztsova ED. Films of filled single-wall carbon nanotubes as a new material for high-performance air-sustainable transparent conductive electrodes operating in a wide spectral range. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6755-6765. [PMID: 30907400 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we show the advantages of transparent high conductive films based on filled single-wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes with internal channels filled with acceptor molecules (copper chloride or iodine) form networks demonstrating significantly improved characteristics. Due to the charge transfer between the nanotubes and filler, the doped-nanotube films exhibit a drop in electrical sheet resistance of an order of magnitude together with a noticeable increase of film transparency in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The thermoelectric power measurements show a significant improvement of air-stability of the nanotube network in the course of the filling procedure. For the nanotube films with an initial transparency of 87% at 514 nm and electrical sheet resistance of 862 Ohm sq-1 we observed an improvement of transparency up to 91% and a decrease of sheet resistance down to 98 Ohm sq-1. The combination of the nanotube synthesis technique and molecules for encapsulation has been optimized for applications in optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Tonkikh
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Okazaki D, Arai H, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Chiashi S, Maruyama S, Saito N, Ashihara S. Self-starting mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser using single-walled carbon nanotubes with resonant absorption at 2.4 μm. Opt Lett 2019; 44:1750-1753. [PMID: 30933138 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop a mode-locked Cr:ZnS polycrystalline laser using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that have resonant absorption at the wavelength of 2.4 μm. The laser generates ultrashort pulses of 49 fs duration, a 2.4 μm center wavelength, and a 9.2 THz (176 nm) spectral span at a repetition rate of 76 MHz. We also confirm self-starting of the mode-locked operation. SWCNTs, if appropriately controlled in terms of their diameters, prove to be useful as ultrafast saturable absorbers in the mid-infrared region.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS Nano 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mustonen K, Hussain A, Hofer C, Monazam MRA, Mirzayev R, Elibol K, Laiho P, Mangler C, Jiang H, Susi T, Kauppinen EI, Kotakoski J, Meyer JC. Atomic-Scale Deformations at the Interface of a Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructure. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8512-8519. [PMID: 30016070 PMCID: PMC6117744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly due to chemical interactions is the basis of bottom-up nanofabrication, whereas weaker intermolecular forces dominate on the scale of macromolecules. Recent advances in synthesis and characterization have brought increasing attention to two- and mixed-dimensional heterostructures, and it has been recognized that van der Waals (vdW) forces within the structure may have a significant impact on their morphology. Here, we suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on graphene to create a model system for the study of a 1D-2D molecular interface through atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. When brought into contact, the radial deformation of SWCNTs and the emergence of long-range linear grooves in graphene revealed by the three-dimensional reconstruction of the heterostructure are observed. These topographic features are strain-correlated but show no sensitivity to carbon nanotube helicity, electronic structure, or stacking order. Finally, despite the random deposition of the nanotubes, we show that the competition between strain and vdW forces results in aligned carbon-carbon interfaces spanning hundreds of nanometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Mustonen
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aqeel Hussain
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christoph Hofer
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rasim Mirzayev
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenan Elibol
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Clemens Mangler
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hua Jiang
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Toma Susi
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Aalto
University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box
15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jannik C. Meyer
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
![]()
In
floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD), tuning
chirality distribution and obtaining narrow chirality distribution
of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is challenging. Herein,
by introducing various amount of CO2 in FC-CVD using CO
as a carbon source, we have succeeded in directly synthesizing SWCNT
films with tunable chirality distribution as well as tunable colors.
In particular, with 0.25 and 0.37 volume percent of CO2, the SWCNT films display green and brown colors, respectively. We
ascribed various colors to suitable diameter and narrow chirality
distribution of SWCNTs. Additionally, by optimizing reactor temperature,
we achieved much narrower (n,m)
distribution clustered around (11,9) with extremely narrow diameter
range (>98% between 1.2 and 1.5 nm). We propose that CO2 may affect CO disproportionation and nucleation modes of SWCNTs,
resulting in SWCNTs’ various diameter ranges. Our work could
provide a new route for high-yield and direct synthesis of SWCNTs
with narrow chirality distribution and offer potential applications
in electronics, such as touch sensors or transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liao
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Nan Wei
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Sabbir A Khan
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tuomi S, Pakkanen OJ, Borghei M, Kronberg R, Sainio J, Kauppinen EI, Nasibulin AG, Laasonen K, Kallio T. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Nitrogen Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Tuomi
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Department of Chemistry and Material Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Olli J. Pakkanen
- Research Group of Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Material Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16300 Aalto 00076 Finland
- Department of Applied Physics School of Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 15100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Rasmus Kronberg
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Department of Chemistry and Material Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Jani Sainio
- Surface Science Group Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University; P.O. Box 15100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics School of Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 15100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Department of Applied Physics School of Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 15100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology; 100 Novaya str. Skolkovo 143025 Russia
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Research Group of Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Material Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Department of Chemistry and Material Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- “MISiS” Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials; National University of Science and Technology; Leninsky Avenue 4 Moscow 119049 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding EX, Zhang Q, Wei N, Khan AT, Kauppinen EI. High-performance single-walled carbon nanotube transparent conducting film fabricated by using low feeding rate of ethanol solution. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180392. [PMID: 30110424 PMCID: PMC6030293 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for high-performance transparent conducting films (TCFs) using low feeding rate of precursor solution. Herein, ethanol acts as carbon source, ferrocene and thiophene as catalyst precursor and growth promoter, respectively. By adopting a low feeding rate of 4 µl min-1, the fabricated TCFs present one of the lowest sheet resistances of ca 78 Ω sq.-1. at 90% transmittance. Optical characterizations demonstrate that the mean diameter of high-quality SWCNTs is up to 2 nm. Additionally, electron microcopy observations provide evidence that the mean length of SWCNT bundles is as long as 28.4 µm while the mean bundle diameter is only 5.3 nm. Moreover, very few CNT loops can be found in the film. Remarkably, the fraction of individual SWCNTs reaches 24.6%. All those morphology data account for the superior optoelectronic performance of our SWCNT TCFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hussain A, Liao Y, Zhang Q, Ding EX, Laiho P, Ahmad S, Wei N, Tian Y, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI. Floating catalyst CVD synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes from ethylene for high performance transparent electrodes. Nanoscale 2018; 10:9752-9759. [PMID: 29767193 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using C2H4 hydrocarbon as a carbon source and iron nanoparticles as the catalyst in an environmentally friendly and economical process. For the first time, ethylene was used as the only carbon source in FCCVD with N2 as the main carrier gas. No sulphur and less than 15% H2 in a N2 carrier gas were used. By varying the ferrocene concentration, the diameter of the SWCNTs was tuned in the range of 1.3-1.5 nm with the optimized control of ferrocene concentration. The process produced SWCNTs with an average length of 13 μm and with a low level of bundling, that is a high proportion (28%) of individual tubes. The electron diffraction (ED) pattern indicated a random chirality distribution of the tubes between armchair and zigzag structures. The ED analysis also revealed that 35-38% of tubes are metallic. As a result of having long SWCNTs with a low level of bundling and a high fraction of metallic tubes, we produced a highly conductive transparent film with a sheet resistance of 51 Ohm per sq. for 90% transmission at 550 nm after HNO3 treatment, this being one of the lowest sheet resistance values reported for SWCNT thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Hussain
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kämäräinen T, Ago M, Seitsonen J, Raula J, Kauppinen EI, Ruokolainen J, Rojas OJ. Harmonic analysis of surface instability patterns on colloidal particles. Soft Matter 2018; 14:3387-3396. [PMID: 29666871 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkling of colloidal particles alter a wide variety of interfacial properties but quantitative topographical descriptions have been explored experimentally to a very limited extent. In this study, we present a harmonic analysis of surface wrinkles and folds on submicron colloidal particles, obtained using an aerosol flow route, with small radius (<300 nm) and high crust thickness-to-radius ratio (>0.1). The particle surface coordinates were mapped in their entirety using cryo-electron tomography and subsequently reconstructed using spherical harmonics, allowing a spectral topographical description of the instability patterns and the identification of their surface modes by lateral wavelength. Wrinkled and crumpled particles showed a similar surface roughness spectrum, wherein differences were found most noticeable in the large wavelength region. The analysis of preferred directions of harmonic frequencies indicated a possible axial or planar alignment attributed to the directionality of the surface corrugations. The employed characterization methodology can further the study of topographical influences on colloidal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tero Kämäräinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang S, Hou PX, Chen ML, Wang BW, Sun DM, Tang DM, Jin Q, Guo QX, Zhang DD, Du JH, Tai KP, Tan J, Kauppinen EI, Liu C, Cheng HM. Ultrahigh-performance transparent conductive films of carbon-welded isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaap9264. [PMID: 29736413 PMCID: PMC5935479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal for fabricating transparent conductive films because of their small diameter, good optical and electrical properties, and excellent flexibility. However, a high intertube Schottky junction resistance, together with the existence of aggregated bundles of SWCNTs, leads to a degraded optoelectronic performance of the films. We report a network of isolated SWCNTs prepared by an injection floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method, in which crossed SWCNTs are welded together by graphitic carbon. Pristine SWCNT films show a record low sheet resistance of 41 ohm □-1 at 90% transmittance for 550-nm light. After HNO3 treatment, the sheet resistance further decreases to 25 ohm □-1. Organic light-emitting diodes using this SWCNT film as anodes demonstrate a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, a high current efficiency of 75 cd A-1, and excellent flexibility. Investigation of isolated SWCNT-based field-effect transistors shows that the carbon-welded joints convert the Schottky contacts between metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs into near-ohmic ones, which significantly improves the conductivity of the transparent SWCNT network. Our work provides a new avenue of assembling individual SWCNTs into macroscopic thin films, which demonstrate great potential for use as transparent electrodes in various flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Lin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing-Wei Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dai-Ming Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Xun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymers Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin-Hong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kai-Ping Tai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Aalto University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding author. (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author. (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He M, Magnin Y, Jiang H, Amara H, Kauppinen EI, Loiseau A, Bichara C. Growth modes and chiral selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale 2018; 10:6744-6750. [PMID: 29589849 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09539b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, using an Fe catalyst, and alternating methane and carbon monoxide as carbon feedstocks, leads to the reversible formation of junctions between tubes of different diameters. Combined with an atomistic modeling of the tube/catalyst interface, this shows that the ratio of diameters of the tube and its seeding particle, denoting the growth mode, depends on the carbon fraction inside the catalyst. With carbon monoxide, nanoparticles are strongly carbon enriched, and tend to dewet the tube, in a perpendicular growth mode. Cross-checking our results with the available reports from the literature of the last decade strongly suggests that these latter conditions should favor the near armchair chiral selectivity observed empirically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian Y, Jiang H, Laiho P, Kauppinen EI. Validity of Measuring Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fractions by Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2517-2525. [PMID: 29334731 PMCID: PMC6150638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the Raman spectroscopic signature of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly chirality dependent, using Raman spectroscopy with several laser excitations as a tool for quantifying fraction of either metallic or semiconducting nanotubes in a sample has become a widely used analytical method. In this work, using the electron diffraction technique as a basis, we have examined the validity of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative evaluation of metallic fractions (M%) in single-walled carbon nanotube samples. Our results show that quantitative Raman spectroscopic evaluations of M% by using several discrete laser lines, either by using integrated intensities of chirality-associated radial breathing modes (RBMs) or, as has been more commonly utilized in recent studies, by statistically counting the numbers of RBMs can be misrepresentative. Specifically, we have found that the occurrence numbers of certain types of RBMs in Raman spectral mapping depend critically on the diameter distribution, resonant coupling between transition energies and excitation laser energy, and the chirality-dependent Raman scattering cross sections rather than simply on the metallic and semiconducting SWCNT fractions. These dependencies are similar to those observed in the integrated intensities of RBMs. Our findings substantially advance the understanding of the proper use of Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube quantification, which is important for carbon nanotube characterization and crucial to guide research in SWCNT growth and their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Department
of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Laiho P, Rafiee M, Liao Y, Hussain A, Ding EX, Kauppinen EI. Wafer-Scale Thermophoretic Dry Deposition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films. ACS Omega 2018; 3:1322-1328. [PMID: 31457968 PMCID: PMC6641514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct and dry deposition of transparent conducting films (TCFs) of aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a thermophoretic precipitator (TP) designed for the uniform and efficient deposition of aerosol-synthesized nanomaterials on 50 mm wafers or similarly sized polymer substrates. The optical and electrical performance of the fabricated TCFs match or surpass the published results achieved using a filter-based collection of aerosol-synthesized SWNTs, and TCFs with sheet resistances of 60 Ω/sq. at 87.8% transmittance and 199 Ω/sq. at 96% transmittance on flexible polymer substrates are demonstrated. The precipitator design is immediately applicable in roll-to-roll fabrication of SWNT TCFs or other functional coatings of aerosol-synthesized nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang Q, Wei N, Laiho P, Kauppinen EI. Recent Developments in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films Fabricated by Dry Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:90. [PMID: 29181596 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transparent conducting films (TCFs) are critical components of many optoelectronic devices that pervade modern technology. Due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and flexibility, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films are regarded as an important alternative to doped metal oxides or brittle and expensive ceramic materials. Compared with liquid-phase processing, the dry floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method without dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in solution is more direct and simpler. By overcoming the tradeoff between CNT length and solubility during film fabrication, the dry FCCVD method enables production of films that contain longer CNTs and offer excellent optoelectronic properties. This review focuses on fabrication of SWNT films using the dry FCCVD method, covering SWNT synthesis, thin-film fabrication and performance regulation, the morphology of SWNTs and bundles, transparency and conductivity characteristics, random bundle films, patterned films, individual CNT networks, and various applications, especially as TCFs in touch displays. Films based on SWNTs produced by the dry FCCVD method are already commercially available for application in touch display devices. Further research on the dry FCCVD method could advance development of not only industrial applications of CNTs but also the fundamental science of related nanostructured materials and nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Nan Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ding EX, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Laiho P, Hussain A, Liao Y, Wei N, Kauppinen EI. Highly conductive and transparent single-walled carbon nanotube thin films from ethanol by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. Nanoscale 2017; 9:17601-17609. [PMID: 29114684 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films have great potential to replace indium tin oxide films for applications in transparent and conductive electronics. Here we report a high yield production of SWCNT transparent conducting films (TCFs) by the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method using ethanol as the carbon source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding SWCNT TCFs using ethanol as the carbon source. The fabricated uniform SWCNT TCFs exhibit a competitive sheet resistance of 95 Ω sq-1 at 90% transmittance after doping with AuCl3. The SWCNT TCFs possess high quality and the mean length of SWCNT bundles is approximately 27.4 μm. Furthermore, the concentration of semiconducting SWCNTs is 75-77%. Additionally, the chirality maps obtained from electron diffraction analysis demonstrate that our SWCNTs are biased towards the armchair type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Xiong Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jeon I, Yoon J, Ahn N, Atwa M, Delacou C, Anisimov A, Kauppinen EI, Choi M, Maruyama S, Matsuo Y. Carbon Nanotubes versus Graphene as Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5395-5401. [PMID: 28994283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transparent carbon electrodes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene were used as the bottom electrode in flexible inverted perovskite solar cells. Their photovoltaic performance and mechanical resilience were compared and analyzed using various techniques. Whereas a conventional inverted perovskite solar cells using indium tin oxide showed a power conversion efficiency of 17.8%, the carbon nanotube- and graphene-based cells showed efficiencies of 12.8% and 14.2%, respectively. An established MoO3 doping was used for carbon electrode-based devices. The difference in the photovoltaic performance between the carbon nanotube- and graphene-based cells was due to the difference in morphology and transmittance. Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic flexural testing revealed that the graphene-based cells were more susceptible to strain than the carbon nanotube-based cells, though the difference was marginal. Overall, despite higher performance, the transfer step for graphene has lower reproducibility. Thus, the development of better graphene transfer methods would help maximize the current capacity of graphene-based cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Namyoung Ahn
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mohamed Atwa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Clement Delacou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Anton Anisimov
- Canatu, Ltd. , Konalankuja 5, FI-00390 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Energy Nano Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Laiho P, Mustonen K, Ohno Y, Maruyama S, Kauppinen EI. Dry and Direct Deposition of Aerosol-Synthesized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Thermophoresis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:20738-20747. [PMID: 28557442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show great potential as an active material in electronic and photonic devices, but their applicability is currently limited by shortcomings in existing deposition methods. SWCNTs can be dispersed from liquid solutions; however, their poor solubility requires the use of surfactants and ultrasonication, causing defects and degradation in device performance. Likewise, the high temperatures required by their chemical vapor deposition growth limit substrates on which SWCNTs can be directly grown. Here, we present a systematic study of the direct deposition of pristine, aerosol-synthesized SWCNTs by thermophoresis. The density of the deposited nanotube film can be continuously adjusted from individual, separated nanotubes to multilayer thin films by changing the deposition time. Depending on the lateral flow inside the thermophoretic precipitator, the angular distribution of the deposited SWCNT film can be changed from uniform to nonuniform. Because the substrate is kept at nearly ambient temperature, deposition can be thus carried out on practically any flat substrate with high efficiencies close to unity. The thermophoretic terminal velocity of SWCNTs, determined by aerosol loss measurements, is found to be approximately one-third of the usual prediction in the free molecular regime and shows a weak dependence on the nanotube diameter. As a demonstration of the applicability of our technique, we have used thermophoretic deposition in the fabrication of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with uniform electrical properties and a high, over 99.5%, yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Laiho
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yutaka Ohno
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee KF, Tian Y, Yang H, Mustonen K, Martinez A, Dai Q, Kauppinen EI, Malowicki J, Kumar P, Sun Z. Photon-Pair Generation with a 100 nm Thick Carbon Nanotube Film. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1605978. [PMID: 28437024 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optics based on bulk materials is the current technique of choice for quantum-state generation and information processing. Scaling of nonlinear optical quantum devices is of significant interest to enable quantum devices with high performance. However, it is challenging to scale the nonlinear optical devices down to the nanoscale dimension due to relatively small nonlinear optical response of traditional bulk materials. Here, correlated photon pairs are generated in the nanometer scale using a nonlinear optical device for the first time. The approach uses spontaneous four-wave mixing in a carbon nanotube film with extremely large Kerr-nonlinearity (≈100 000 times larger than that of the widely used silica), which is achieved through careful control of the tube diameter during the carbon nanotube growth. Photon pairs with a coincidence to accidental ratio of 18 at the telecom wavelength of 1.5 µm are generated at room temperature in a ≈100 nm thick carbon nanotube film device, i.e., 1000 times thinner than the smallest existing devices. These results are promising for future integrated nonlinear quantum devices (e.g., quantum emission and processing devices).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fook Lee
- EECS Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - He Yang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Amos Martinez
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Qing Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Prem Kumar
- EECS Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang L, He M, Hansen TW, Kling J, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI, Loiseau A, Wagner JB. Growth Termination and Multiple Nucleation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Evidenced by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4483-4493. [PMID: 28402623 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to controllably grow single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a better understanding of the growth processes and how they are influenced by external parameters such as catalyst and gaseous environment is required. Here, we present direct evidence of growth termination of individual SWCNTs and successive growth of additional SWCNTs on Co catalyst particles supported on MgO by means of environmental transmission electron microscopy. Such in situ observations reveal the plethora of solid carbon formations at the local scale while it is happening and thereby elucidate the multitude of configurations resulting from identical external synthesis conditions, which should be considered in the quest for controlled SWCNT growth. Using CO and a mixture of CO and H2 as carbon sources, we show that the growth of SWCNTs terminates with a reduced tube-catalyst adhesion strength. Two main reasons for the cessation are proposed: insufficient active carbon species and a certain amount of stress exerted at the tube-catalyst interface. Interestingly, it was observed that catalyst particles stayed active in terms of nucleating additional solid carbon structures after growth termination of the first SWCNT. These observations elucidate the importance of an in-depth understanding of the role of catalysts and carbon sources in the continued growth of SWCNTs. Furthermore, it serves as a guide for further control of carbon nanostructure synthesis via catalyst engineering and synthesis optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 307, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maoshuai He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , 266590 Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas W Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 307, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Kling
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 307, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon CEDEX, France
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 307, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yoshida S, Feng Y, Delacou C, Inoue T, Xiang R, Kometani R, Chiashi S, Kauppinen EI, Maruyama S. Morphology dependence of the thermal transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotube thin films. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:185701. [PMID: 28290374 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The thermal transport properties of random network, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films were assessed using Raman spectroscopy. Two types of SWNT films were investigated: single-layer and stacked. The single-layer films were fabricated by aerosol chemical vapour deposition and subsequent direct dry deposition, while the stacked films were prepared by placing the single-layer films on top of one another. The anisotropy of the network structures of each of these films was evaluated based on the angular dependence of the optical absorbance spectra. The results show that the anisotropy of the films decreases with increasing film thickness in the case of the single-layer films, and that the film anisotropy is preserved during the stacking process. The sheet thermal conductance is proportional to the SWNT area density in the case of stacked films, but is reduced with increasing thickness in the case of single-layer films. This effect is explained by a change in the network morphology from a two-dimensional anisotropic structure to the more isotropic structure. This work demonstrates the fabrication of low-density films with high sheet thermal conductance through the stacking of thin SWNT films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kanninen P, Borghei M, Hakanpää J, Kauppinen EI, Ruiz V, Kallio T. Temperature dependent performance and catalyst layer properties of PtRu supported on modified few-walled carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Tavakkoli M, Holmberg N, Kronberg R, Jiang H, Sainio J, Kauppinen EI, Kallio T, Laasonen K. Electrochemical Activation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Pseudo-Atomic-Scale Platinum for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tavakkoli
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nico Holmberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rasmus Kronberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jani Sainio
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|