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Zhang AC, Maguire SM, Ford JT, Composto RJ. Using Focused Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Depth Profile Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposites. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1557-1565. [PMID: 37639375 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a versatile surface-sensitive technique for characterizing both hard and soft matter. Its chemical and molecular specificity, high spatial resolution, and superior sensitivity make it an ideal method for depth profiling polymeric systems, including those comprised of both inorganic and organic constituents (i.e., polymer nanocomposites, PNCs). To best utilize ToF-SIMS for characterizing PNCs, experimental conditions must be optimized to minimize challenges such as the matrix effect and charge accumulation. Toward that end, we have successfully used ToF-SIMS with a Xe+ focused ion beam to depth profile silica nanoparticles grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-NP) in a poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile) matrix film by selecting conditions that address charge compensation and the primary incident beam angles. By tracking the sputtered Si+ species and fitting the resultant concentration profile, the diffusion coefficient of PMMA-NP was determined to be D = 2.4 × 10-14 cm2/s. This value of D lies between that measured using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (6.4 × 10-14 cm2/s) and the value predicted by the Stokes-Einstein model (2.5 × 10-15 cm2/s). With carefully tuned experimental parameters, ToF-SIMS holds great potential for quantitatively characterizing the nanoparticles at the surfaces and interfaces within PNC materials as well as soft matter in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria C Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Shawn M Maguire
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jamie T Ford
- Nanoscale Characterization Facility, University of Pennsylvania, 3205 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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2
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Maguire SM, McClimon JB, Zhang AC, Keller AW, Bilchak CR, Ohno K, Carpick RW, Composto RJ. Nanoscale Structure-Property Relations in Self-Regulated Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Composite Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10974-10985. [PMID: 36802474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using a model system of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles (PMMA-NP) and poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile) (SAN), we generate unique polymer nanocomposite (PNC) morphologies by balancing the degree of surface enrichment, phase separation, and wetting within the films. Depending on the annealing temperature and time, thin films undergo different stages of phase evolution, resulting in homogeneously dispersed systems at low temperatures, enriched PMMA-NP layers at the PNC interfaces at intermediate temperatures, and three-dimensional bicontinuous structures of PMMA-NP pillars sandwiched between two PMMA-NP wetting layers at high temperatures. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), AFM nanoindentation, contact angle goniometry, and optical microscopy, we show that these self-regulated structures lead to nanocomposites with increased elastic modulus, hardness, and thermal stability compared to analogous PMMA/SAN blends. These studies demonstrate the ability to reliably control the size and spatial correlations of both the surface-enriched and phase-separated nanocomposite microstructures, which have attractive technological applications where properties such as wettability, toughness, and wear resistance are important. In addition, these morphologies lend themselves to substantially broader applications, including: (1) structural color applications, (2) tuning optical adsorption, and (3) barrier coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Maguire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - J Brandon McClimon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aria C Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Austin W Keller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Connor R Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Robert W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Qian Z, Zhu YL, Lu ZY, Qian HJ. Unexpected Solvent Effect Leading to Interface Segregation of Single-Chain Nanoparticles in All-Polymer Nanocomposite Films upon Solvent Evaporation. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Santos AP, Frischknecht AL. Phase Behavior of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in Homopolymer Blends from Simulations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Santos
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico87185, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico87185, United States
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5
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Wu W, Singh M, Zhai Y, Masud A, Tonny W, Yuan C, Yin R, Al-Enizi AM, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K, Douglas JF, Karim A. Facile Entropy-Driven Segregation of Imprinted Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Brush Blends by Solvent Vapor Annealing Soft Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45765-45774. [PMID: 36174114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) have attracted extensive research interest due to their potential for enhancing mechanical and electrical properties of both bulk polymer composite materials, as well as thin polymer films incorporating these nanoparticles (NPs). In previous studies, we have shown that an entropic driving force serves to organize low-molecular-mass PGNPs in imprinted blend films of PGNPs with low-molecular-mass homopolymers. In this work, we developed a novel solvent vapor annealing soft lithography (SVA-SL) method to overcome the technical difficulties in processing the high-molecular-mass PGNP blends due to the intrinsically sluggish melt annealing kinetics found in the phase separation of these blend PGNP materials. In particular, we utilized SVA-SL to create nanopatterns in blends of PGNPs having relatively high-molecular-mass-grafted layers but with cores of NPs having greatly different sizes. The minimization of the entropic free energy in the present system corresponded to larger PGNPs partitioning almost exclusively into the "mesa" regions of the imprinted PGNP blend films, as quantified by the estimation of the partition coefficient, Kp. The use of the SVA-SL processing method is important because it allows facile imprint patterning of PGNP materials and large-scale organization of the PGNPs even when the grafted chain lengths are long enough for the chains to be highly entangled, allowing enhanced thermo-mechanical property enhancements of the resulting films and a corresponding extended range of potential nanotech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Ali Masud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Wafa Tonny
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Chuqing Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
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6
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Rose KA, Gogotsi N, Galarraga JH, Burdick JA, Murray CB, Lee D, Composto RJ. Shape Anisotropy Enhances Nanoparticle Dynamics in Nearly Homogeneous Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Rose
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Natalie Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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7
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Lee D, Charpota N, Mei H, Terlier T, Pietrzak D, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Impact of Processing Effects on Surface Segregation of Bottlebrush Polymer Additives. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nilesh Charpota
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Danica Pietrzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Sgouros AP, Revelas CJ, Lakkas AT, Theodorou DN. Solvation Free Energy of Dilute Grafted (Nano)Particles in Polymer Melts via the Self-Consistent Field Theory. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7454-7474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos J. Revelas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos T. Lakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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9
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Maguire SM, Demaree JD, Boyle MJ, Keller AW, Bilchak CR, Kagan CR, Murray CB, Ohno K, Composto RJ. Surface Enrichment of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in a Miscible Polymer Nanocomposite. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Maguire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John Derek Demaree
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Michael J. Boyle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Austin W. Keller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Connor R. Bilchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R. Kagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Wu H, Olszewski M, Yin R, Zhai Y, Liu T, Coronado A, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Topologically Induced Heterogeneity in Gradient Copolymer Brush Particle Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amy Coronado
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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