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Carrillo AJ, López-García A, Delgado-Galicia B, Serra JM. New trends in nanoparticle exsolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7987-8007. [PMID: 38899785 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Many relevant high-temperature chemical processes require the use of oxide-supported metallic nanocatalysts. The harsh conditions under which these processes operate can trigger catalyst degradation via nanoparticle sintering, carbon depositions or poisoning, among others. This primarily affects metallic nanoparticles created via deposition methods with low metal-support interaction. In this respect, nanoparticle exsolution has emerged as a promising method for fabricating oxide-supported nanocatalysts with high interaction between the metal and the oxide support. This is due to the mechanism involved in nanoparticle exsolution, which is based on the migration of metal cations in the oxide support to its surface, where they nucleate and grow as metallic nanoparticles partially embedded in the oxide. This anchorage confers high robustness against sintering or coking-related problems. For these reasons, exsolution has attracted great interest in the last few years. Multiple works have been devoted to proving the high catalytic stability of exsolved metallic nanoparticles in several applications for high-temperature energy storage and conversion. Additionally, considerable attention has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanism of metallic nanoparticle exsolution. However, this growing field has not been limited to these types of studies and recent discoveries at the forefront of materials design have opened new research avenues. In this work, we define six new trends in nanoparticle exsolution, taking a tour through the most important advances that have been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Carrillo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrés López-García
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Blanca Delgado-Galicia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose M Serra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Kim MJ, Hassan MA, Lee C, Jung WG, Bae H, Jeon S, Jung W, Ha JS, Shim JH, Park JH, Ryu SW, Kim BJ. Maximizing Photoelectrochemical Performance in Metal-Oxide Hybrid Composites via Amorphous Exsolution-A New Exsolution Mechanism for Heterogeneous Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308934. [PMID: 38161260 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exsolution generates metal nanoparticles anchored within crystalline oxide supports, ensuring efficient exposure, uniform dispersion, and strong nanoparticle-perovskite interactions. Increased doping level in the perovskite is essential for further enhancing performance in renewable energy applications; however, this is constrained by limited surface exsolution, structural instability, and sluggish charge transfer. Here, hybrid composites are fabricated by vacuum-annealing a solution containing SrTiO3 photoanode and Co cocatalyst precursors for photoelectrochemical water-splitting. In situ transmission electron microscopy identifies uniform, high-density Co particles exsolving from amorphous SrTiO3 films, followed by film-crystallization at elevated temperatures. This unique process extracts entire Co dopants with complete structural stability, even at Co doping levels exceeding 30%, and upon air exposure, the Co particles embedded in the film oxidize to CoO, forming a Schottky junction at the interface. These conditions maximize photoelectrochemical activity and stability, surpassing those achieved by Co post-deposition and Co exsolution from crystalline oxides. Theoretical calculations demonstrate in the amorphous state, dopant─O bonds become weaker while Ti─O bonds remain strong, promoting selective exsolution. As expected from the calculations, nearly all of the 30% Fe dopants exsolve from SrTiO3 in an H2 environment, despite the strong Fe─O bond's low exsolution tendency. These analyses unravel the mechanisms driving the amorphous exsolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Soth Korea
| | - Mostafa Afifi Hassan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Soth Korea
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El- Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Changhoon Lee
- Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase of Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Wan-Gil Jung
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Bae
- Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Cheomdanbencheo-ro 108 beon-gil 9, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61007, South Korea
| | - SungHyun Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Ha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase of Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Ryu
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Soth Korea
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Yang Q, Surin I, Geiger J, Eliasson H, Agrachev M, Kondratenko VA, Zanina A, Krumeich F, Jeschke G, Erni R, Kondratenko EV, López N, Pérez-Ramírez J. Lattice-Stabilized Chromium Atoms on Ceria for N 2O Synthesis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:15977-15990. [PMID: 38125976 PMCID: PMC10728900 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of selective catalysts for direct conversion of ammonia into nitrous oxide, N2O, will circumvent the conventional five-step manufacturing process and enable its wider utilization in oxidation catalysis. Deviating from commonly accepted catalyst design principles for this reaction, reliant on manganese oxide, we herein report an efficient system comprised of isolated chromium atoms (1 wt %) stabilized in the ceria lattice by coprecipitation. The latter, in contrast to a simple impregnation approach, ensures firm metal anchoring and results in stable and selective N2O production over 100 h on stream up to 79% N2O selectivity at full NH3 conversion. Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, and in situ UV-vis spectroscopies reveal that chromium incorporation enhances the density of oxygen vacancies and the rate of their generation and healing. Accordingly, temporal analysis of products, kinetic studies, and atomistic simulations show lattice oxygen of ceria to directly participate in the reaction, establishing the cocatalytic role of the carrier. Coupled with the dynamic restructuring of chromium sites to stabilize intermediates of N2O formation, these factors enable catalytic performance on par with or exceeding benchmark systems. These findings demonstrate how nanoscale engineering can elevate a previously overlooked metal into a highly competitive catalyst for selective ammonia oxidation to N2O, paving the way toward industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Yang
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Surin
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Geiger
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Henrik Eliasson
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa - Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Agrachev
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Advanced
Methods for Applied Catalysis, Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V., Albert Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Zanina
- Advanced
Methods for Applied Catalysis, Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V., Albert Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa - Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Evgenii V. Kondratenko
- Advanced
Methods for Applied Catalysis, Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V., Albert Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Núria López
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Xu K, Zhang H, Deng W, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Liu M, Chen Y. Self-hydrating of a ceria-based catalyst enables efficient operation of solid oxide fuel cells on liquid fuels. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2574-2582. [PMID: 37730510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that run on liquid hydrocarbon fuels is hindered by the poor coking tolerance of the state-of-the-art anode. Among the strategies developed, modulating the reforming reaction site's local steam/carbon ratios to enhance the coking tolerance is efficient but challenging. Here we report our rational design of a ceria-based catalyst (with a nominal composition of Ce0.95Ru0.05O2-δ, CR5O) that demonstrates remarkable tolerance to coking while maintaining excellent activity for direct utilization of liquid fuels in SOFCs. Under operating conditions, the catalyst is transformed to a partially reduced oxide frame covered with Ru nanoparticles (Ru/Ce0.95Ru0.05-xO2-δ, Ru/CR5-xO), as confirmed by experimental analyses. The Ru/CR5-xO demonstrates excellent self-hydration capability to remove the coke. When applied to the Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode of an SOFC with liquid fuels, the catalyst enables excellent performance, achieving a peak power density of 1.010 W cm-2 without coking for ∼200 h operation (on methanol) at 750 °C. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations reveal that the high activity and coking tolerance of the Ru/CR5-xO catalyst-coated Ni-YSZ anode is attributed to the reduced energy barrier for the rate-limiting step and the formation of a COH intermediate for rapid carbon removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Advanced Materials, Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30309, USA
| | - Yucun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30309, USA
| | - Meilin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30309, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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