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Liu Y, Xu D, Ge C, Gao C, Wei Y, Chen Z, Su Z, Liu K, Xu W, Fang J. Bifunctional Smart Textiles with Simultaneous Motion Monitoring and Thermotherapy for Human Joint Injuries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305312. [PMID: 38037312 PMCID: PMC10811511 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The motion detection and thermotherapy provides a convenient strategy for the diagnosis and rehabilitation assessment of joint injuries. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve accurate joint motion monitoring and on-demand thermotherapy. Herein, core-sheath sensing yarns (CSSYs) is proposed and fabricated for excellent electrical and photothermal heating, which consists of carbon black (CB)-coated nylon (sheath layer), silver-plated nylon and elastic spandex yarns (core layer). The CSSYs demonstrates great joule heating performance, which reaches 75 °C at 2 V applied voltage. The good thermal management performance can be well maintained when weaving these yarns into bifunctional smart textile. Further, the optimized double-ply CSSYs (DPCSSYs) with helically twisted structure possess several appealing sensing performance, including preferable strain sensitivity (0.854), excellent linearity (0.962), and superior durability (over 5000 cycles). The as-woven bifunctional smart textile can provide instant and convenient thermotherapy to the injured joints, and simultaneously monitor the injury and recovery conditions of the joint. Therefore, the designed bifunctional smart textile can provide a promising route for developing next-generation healthcare smart textile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcun Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Can Ge
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Yawen Wei
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Su
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Keshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing TechnologiesWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan430200P. R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
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Li X, Wu Z, Li B, Xing Y, Huang P, Liu L. Selaginella lepidophylla-Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator. Soft Robot 2023; 10:861-872. [PMID: 37335927 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictable bending deformation, high cycle stability, and multimode complex motion have always been the goals pursued in the field of flexible robots. In this study, inspired by the delicate structure and humidity response characteristics of Selaginella lepidophylla, a new multilevel assisted assembly strategy was developed to construct MXene-CoFe2O4 (MXCFO) flexible actuators with different concentration gradients, to achieve predictable bending deformation and multi-stimulus cooperative control of the actuators, revealing the intrinsic link between the gradient change and the bending deformation ability of the actuator. The thickness of the actuator shows uniformity compared with the common layer-by-layer assembly strategy. And, the bionic gradient structured actuator shows high cycle stability, and it maintains excellent interlayer bonding after bending 100 times. The flexible robots designed based on the predictable bending deformation and the multi-stimulus cooperative response characteristics of the actuator initially realize conceptual models of humidity monitoring, climbing, grasping, cargo transportation, and drug delivery. The designed bionic gradient structure and unbound multi-stimulus cooperative control strategy may show great potential in the design and development of robots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
MXenes with their unique electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties have shown great promise in soft robotics. MXene-based soft actuators have been designed to display ultrafast actuations and recovery speeds as well as angle-independent structural colors in response to vapor. Several studies have developed soft actuators by combining MXenes with other materials to mimic the movement of natural organisms. Thus, MXene-based soft actuators have the potential to revolutionize the field of soft robotics and flexible electronics (e.g., wearable devices and artificial muscles). MXene-based artificial muscles have been explored for use in kinetic soft robotics as actuators in microsystems requiring exceptional compliance. MXene-based sensors and actuators have already been developed for human-like sensors and photodetection. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in such applications, such as the design of stretchable and compliant robotic skins with a high-level functional integration for soft robotics. The integration of various devices, such as power sources, sensors, and actuators, into soft robotics is another crucial challenge. Despite the excellent stretchability and tensile strength of MXene-based composites, there is a vital need to develop their mechanical and electrochemical features and grant them multi-functionalities. Herein, recent developments pertaining to the applications of MXenes and their composites in soft robotics are discussed with a focus on the important challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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Sun WJ, Sun H, Jia LC, Lei J, Lin H, Tang JH, Wang YY, Yan DX. Segregated Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) Composites for Low-Voltage Reversible Actuators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Sun
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - He Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jian-Hua Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Yi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Zeng Z, Wang G, Wolan BF, Wu N, Wang C, Zhao S, Yue S, Li B, He W, Liu J, Lyding JW. Printable Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film with Outstanding Thermal Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:179. [PMID: 36048370 PMCID: PMC9437195 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are fabricated by a facile, environmentally friendly, and scalable printing methodology. The aligned pattern and outstanding intrinsic properties render "metal-like" thermal conductivity of the SWCNT films, as well as excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, and hydrophobicity. Further, the aligned cellular microstructure promotes the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability of the SWCNTs, leading to excellent shielding effectiveness (SE) of ~ 39 to 90 dB despite a density of only ~ 0.6 g cm-3 at thicknesses of merely 1.5-24 µm, respectively. An ultrahigh thickness-specific SE of 25 693 dB mm-1 and an unprecedented normalized specific SE of 428 222 dB cm2 g-1 are accomplished by the freestanding SWCNT films, significantly surpassing previously reported shielding materials. In addition to an EMI SE greater than 54 dB in an ultra-broadband frequency range of around 400 GHz, the films demonstrate excellent EMI shielding stability and reliability when subjected to mechanical deformation, chemical (acid/alkali/organic solvent) corrosion, and high-/low-temperature environments. The novel printed SWCNT films offer significant potential for practical applications in the aerospace, defense, precision components, and smart wearable electronics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Brendan F Wolan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zürich), 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Changxian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Strasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shengying Yue
- Institute for Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong He
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Strasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Yu L, Xu L, Lu L, Alhalili Z, Zhou X. Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200203. [PMID: 35674280 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The properties and applications of MXenes (a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have aroused enormous research interests for a decade since the successful synthesis of few-layer transition metal carbides in 2011. Though MXenes, as the building blocks, have already been applied in various fields (such as wearable electronics) owing to the distinctive optical, mechanical and electrical properties, their thermal stability and intrinsic thermal properties were less thoroughly investigated compared to other characteristics in early reports. The pioneering theoretical prediction of the thermoelectric nature of MXenes was performed in 2013 while the first experiment-based report concerning the degradation behavior of the 2D structure at elevated temperatures in a controlled atmosphere was published in 2015, followed by numerous discoveries regarding the thermal properties of MXenes. Herein, after a brief description of the synthesis, this Review summarized the latest insights into the thermal stability and thermophysical properties of MXenes, and further associated these unique properties with relevant applications by multiple examples. Finally, current hurdles and challenges in this field were provided along with some advices on potential research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
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Zeng ZH, Wu N, Wei JJ, Yang YF, Wu TT, Li B, Hauser SB, Yang WD, Liu JR, Zhao SY. Porous and Ultra-Flexible Crosslinked MXene/Polyimide Composites for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:59. [PMID: 35138506 PMCID: PMC8828842 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, ultra-flexible, and robust crosslinked transition metal carbide (Ti3C2 MXene) coated polyimide (PI) (C-MXene@PI) porous composites are manufactured via a scalable dip-coating followed by chemical crosslinking approach. In addition to the hydrophobicity, anti-oxidation and extreme-temperature stability, efficient utilization of the intrinsic conductivity of MXene, the interfacial polarization between MXene and PI, and the micrometer-sized pores of the composite foams are achieved. Consequently, the composites show a satisfactory X-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 22.5 to 62.5 dB at a density of 28.7 to 48.7 mg cm-3, leading to an excellent surface-specific SE of 21,317 dB cm2 g-1. Moreover, the composite foams exhibit excellent electrothermal performance as flexible heaters in terms of a prominent, rapid reproducible, and stable electrothermal effect at low voltages and superior heat performance and more uniform heat distribution compared with the commercial heaters composed of alloy plates. Furthermore, the composite foams are well attached on a human body to check their electromechanical sensing performance, demonstrating the sensitive and reliable detection of human motions as wearable sensors. The excellent EMI shielding performance and multifunctionalities, along with the facile and easy-to-scalable manufacturing techniques, imply promising perspectives of the porous C-MXene@PI composites in next-generation flexible electronics, aerospace, and smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Jiang Wei
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefanie Beatrice Hauser
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan-Yu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Luo Y, Chen X, Tian H, Li X, Lu Y, Liu Y, Shao J. Gecko-Inspired Slant Hierarchical Microstructure-Based Ultrasensitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor for Intelligent Interaction. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9852138. [PMID: 35935142 PMCID: PMC9275085 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9852138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors play an important role to ensure the safety and friendliness during the human-robot interaction process. Microengineering the active layer has been shown to improve performance of pressure sensors. However, the current structural strategy almost relying on axial compression deformation suffers structural stiffening, and together with the limited area growth efficiency of conformal interface, essentially limiting the maximum sensitivity. Here, inspired by the interface contact behavior of gecko's feet, we design a slant hierarchical microstructure to act as an electrode contacting with an ionic gel layer, fundamentally eliminating the pressure resistance and maximizing functional interface expansion to achieving ultrasensitive sensitivity. Such a structuring strategy dramatically improves the relative capacitance change both in the low- and high-pressure region, thereby boosting the sensitivity up to 36000 kPa-1 and effective measurement range up to 300 kPa. To verify the advantages of high sensitivity, the sensor is integrated with a soft magnetic robot to demonstrate a biomimetic Venus flytrap. The ability to perceive weak stimuli allows the sensor to be used as a sensory and feedback window, realizing the capture of small live insects and the transportation of fragile objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Luo
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yangtianyu Lu
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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