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Zhang Z, Zhang L, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Hao T, Liu D, Xu L, Liu W, Sun J, Ji H, Wang Y. Multifunctional Ultrathin Metasurface with a Low Radar Cross Section and Variable Infrared Emissivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38602127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of stealth devices that are compatible with both infrared (IR) and radar systems remains a significant challenge, as the material properties required for effective IR and radar stealth are often contradictory. In this work, based on an IR electrochromic device (IR-ECD), concepts of metamaterial manipulating electromagnetic waves are applied to develop a multifunctional ultrathin metasurface with a low radar cross section (RCS) and variable infrared emissivity. This paper presents a linear-to-linear polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) designed by hollowing the IR-ECD. In this way, the IR-ECD based on polyaniline (PANI) can also modulate the reflection waves in the microwave band without affecting its features in the infrared region. Thus, the proposed metasurface integrates both microwave stealth and variable infrared emissivity through a single layer. The measured results show that a 10 dB RCS reduction is achieved in the band of 8.46-9.5 GHz, and the infrared emissivity can be adjusted from 0.870 to 0.513 in the infrared stealth band of 8-14 μm. Due to the ultrathin thickness (only 0.081λ0 at 9 GHz), low RCS in the X-band, and variable infrared emissivity, the designed multifunctional stealth metasurface has promising applications on military platforms with various surrounding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekui Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
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Tan P, Ren D, Han Y. Full-Color-Adjustable Nanophotonic Device Adopting Electrochromic Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2614-2623. [PMID: 38178791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Intercalation-based organic polymers that shift their colors during ion insertion and extraction provide a significant basis for existing electrochromic technology. Nevertheless, the complexity of modifying the structure in the skeleton or combining several diverse polymers to produce a full-color range has restricted the practical applications of electrochromic materials. Herein, we demonstrate two configurations of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Fabry-Perot (F-P) nanocavity-type electrochromic devices fabricated by spray coating lossless PEDOT on the F-P metasurfaces (Cr/ITO/Ag/Cr), which allows full-color response by simply controlling the thickness of dielectric layer indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the reflected light from the PEDOT F-P nanocavity-type electrode can be modulated by electrically controllable optical absorption of PEDOT. Besides, the subtle brightness regulation could be obtained in our F-P nanocavity electrochromic devices via altering the PEDOT thickness. Overall, our results offer a novel perspective for versatile color control of PEDOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Tan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yuge Han
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Li C, Zhen M, Wang K, Liu L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Fan X, Hou W, Xiong J. Temperature Sensors Integrated with an Electrochromic Readout toward Visual Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40772-40780. [PMID: 37594493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensors have attracted great attention for personal health care and disease diagnosis in recent years. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate reliable and highly sensitive temperature sensors that can convert physiological signals into easily readable signals in a convenient way. Herein, an integrated smart temperature sensor system based on a traditional temperature sensor and electrochromic display is proposed for real-time visual detection of temperature. Significantly, a voltage-regulated electrochromic device (ECD) based on tungsten oxide (WO3) and polyaniline (PANI) as the real-time visualization window was integrated into the platform to provide feedback on the temperature change. The ECD would change its color from green to blue based on the electrical signal of the temperature sensor, resulting in a visualized readout that can be monitored through our naked eye. Additionally, the smart temperature sensor system possesses an extremely durable property and cycle stability, remaining around 90% of the initial value even after 15,000 s continuous cycle. Thus, the novel design and low power consumption advantages make it a good candidate to pave the way for developing interactive wearable electronics and intelligent robots as real-time temperature feedback systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Mingshuo Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenyuan Hou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Lv H, Wei Z, Han C, Yang X, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Zhi C, Li H. Cross-linked polyaniline for production of long lifespan aqueous iron||organic batteries with electrochromic properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3117. [PMID: 37253727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous iron batteries are appealing candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their safety and low-cost aspects. However, the development of aqueous Fe batteries is hindered by their inadequate long-term cycling stability. Here, we propose the synthesis and application as positive electrode active material of cross-linked polyaniline (C-PANI). We use melamine as the crosslinker to improve the electronical conductivity and electrochemical stability of the C-PANI. Indeed, when the C-PANI is tested in combination with a Fe metal negative electrode and 1 M iron trifluoromethanesulfonate (Fe(TOF)2) electrolyte solution, the coin cell can deliver a specific capacity of about 110 mAh g-1 and an average discharge voltage of 0.55 V after 39,000 cycles at 25 A g-1 with a test temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that Fe2+ ions are bonded to TOF- anions to form positively charged complexes Fe(TOF)+, which are stored with protons in the C-PANI electrode structures. Finally, we also demonstrate the use of C-PANI in combination with a polymeric hydrogel electrolyte to produce a flexible reflective electrochromic lab-scale iron battery prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Lv
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, 716000, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiquan Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cuiping Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Low Dimensional Energy Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijie Tang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yantu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Energy & New Functional Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, 716000, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Hongfei Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Yang W, Xiao P, Li S, Deng F, Ni F, Zhang C, Gu J, Yang J, Kuo SW, Geng F, Chen T. Engineering Structural Janus MXene-nanofibrils Aerogels for Season-Adaptive Radiative Thermal Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302509. [PMID: 37026662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels have provided a significant platform for passive radiation-enabled thermal regulation, arousing extensive interest due to their capabilities of radiative cooling or heating. However, there still remains challenge of developing functionally integrated aerogels for sustainable thermal regulation in both hot and cold environment. Here, Janus structured MXene-nanofibrils aerogel (JMNA) is rationally designed via a facile and efficient way. The achieved aerogel presents the characteristic of high porosity (≈98.2%), good mechanical strength (tensile stress of ≈2 MPa, compressive stress of ≈115 kPa), and macroscopic shaping property. Based on the asymmetric structure, the JMNA with switchable functional layers can alternatively enable passive radiative heating and cooling in winter and summer, respectively. As a proof of concept, JMNA can function as a switchable thermal-regulated roof to effectively enable the inner house model to maintain >25 °C in winter and <30 °C in hot summer. This design of Janus structured aerogels with compatible and expandable capabilities is promising to widely benefit the low-energy thermal regulation in changeable climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Material and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Fengxia Geng
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang B, Zhang W, Zhao F, Yu WW, Elezzabi AY, Liu L, Li H. An overview of recent progress in the development of flexible electrochromic devices. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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