Surface LiMn1.4Ni0.5Mo0.1O4 Coating and Bulk Mo Doping of Li-Rich Mn-Based Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ni/Mg Dual Concentration-Gradient Surface Modification to Enhance Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Li-Rich Layered Oxides

Li-rich layered oxides (LRLOs), with the advantages of high specific capacity and low cost, are considered as candidates for the next-generation cathode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, sluggish kinetics and interfacial degradation lead to capacity loss and voltage decay of the material during cycling. To address these issues, we propose a Ni/Mg dual concentration-gradient modification strategy for LRLOs. From the center to the surface of the modified materials, the contents of Ni and Mg are gradually increased while the content of Mn is decreased. The high Ni content on the surface increases the proportion of cationic redox, elevating the operating voltage and accelerating reaction kinetics. Moreover, the doped Mg on the surface of the material acting as a stabilizing pillar suppresses the migration of transition metals, stabilizing the layered structure. Therefore, the material with the Ni/Mg dual concentration-gradients delivers a superior electrochemical performance, exhibiting a suppressed voltage decay of 2.8 mV per cycle during 200 cycles (1 C, 2-4.8 V) and an excellent rate capability of 94.84 mAh/g at 7C. This study demonstrates a synergic design to construct high-performance LRLO cathode materials for LIBs.

Limiting voltage and capacity fade of lithium-rich, low cobalt Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 by controlling the upper cut-off voltage

A new Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 material with a higher content of Fe and lower content of Co was designed via a simple sol-gel method. Moreover, the effect of upper cut-off voltage on the structural stability, capacity and voltage retention was studied. The Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 electrode delivers a discharge capacity of 250 mA h g-1 with good capacity retention and coulombic efficiency at 4.6 V cut-off voltage. Importantly, improved voltage retention of 94% was achieved. Ex situ XRD and Raman proved that the electrodes cycled at 4.8 V cut-off voltage showed huge structural conversion from layered-to-spinel explaining the poor capacity and voltage retention at this cut-off voltage. In addition, ex situ FT-IR demonstrates that the upper cut-off voltage of 4.8 V exhibits a higher intensity of SEI-related peaks than 4.6 V, suggesting that reducing the upper cut-off voltage can inhibit the growth of the SEI layer. In addition, when the Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 cathode was paired with a synthesized phosphorus-doped TiO2 anode (P-doped TiO2) in a complete battery cell, it exhibits good capacity and cycling stability at 1C rate. The material developed in this study represents a promising approach for designing high-performance Li-rich, low cobalt cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Li-Deficient Materials-Decoration Restrains Oxygen Evolution Achieving Excellent Cycling Stability of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathode

With the increasing demand for high energy density and rapid charging performance, Li-rich materials have been the up and coming cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, because of oxygen evolution and structural instability, the commercialization of Li-rich materials is extremely retarded by their poor electrochemical performances. In this work, Li-deficient materials Li_0.3NbO₂ and (Nb_0.62Li_0.15)TiO₃ are applied to functionalize the surface of Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂, aiming to suppress oxygen evolution and increase structural stability in LIBs. In addition, a fast Li-ion transport channel is beneficial to enhance Li⁺ diffusion kinetics. The results demonstrate that the electrodes decorated with Li_0.3NbO₂ and (Nb_0.62Li_0.15)TiO₃ materials exhibit more stable cycling stability after long-term cycling and outstanding rate capability.