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Song Y, Hu C, Wang Z, Wang L. Silk-based wearable devices for health monitoring and medical treatment. iScience 2024; 27:109604. [PMID: 38628962 PMCID: PMC11019284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous works have focused on enhancing the tensile properties, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of wearable devices for real-time and continuous health management. Silk proteins, including silk fibroin (SF) and sericin, show great advantages in wearable devices due to their natural biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, and low fabrication cost. Moreover, these silk proteins possess great potential for functionalization and are being explored as promising candidates for multifunctional wearable devices with sensory capabilities and therapeutic purposes. This review introduces current advancements in silk-based constituents used in the assembly of wearable sensors and adhesives for detecting essential physiological indicators, including metabolites in body fluids, body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), pulse, and respiration. SF and sericin play vital roles in addressing issues related to discomfort reduction, signal fidelity improvement, as well as facilitating medical treatment. These developments signify a transition from hospital-centered healthcare toward individual-centered health monitoring and on-demand therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuting Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Kim M, Yoon K, Lee S, Shin MS, Kim KG. Development of an Artificial Soft Solid Gel Using Gelatin Material for High-Quality Ultrasound Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:335. [PMID: 38337851 PMCID: PMC10855452 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For ultrasound diagnosis, a gel is applied to the skin. Ultrasound gel serves to block air exposure and match impedance between the skin and the probe, enhancing imaging efficiency. However, if use of the ultrasound gel exceeds a certain period of time, it may dry out and be exposed to air, causing impedance mismatch and reducing imaging resolution. In such cases, the use of a soft, solid gel proves advantageous, as it can be employed for an extended period without succumbing to the drying phenomenon and can be reused after disinfection. Its soft consistency ensures excellent skin adhesion. Our soft solid gel demonstrated approximately 1.2 times better performance than water, silicone, and traditional ultrasound gels. When comparing the dimensions of grayscale, dead zone, vertical, and horizontal regions, the measurements for the traditional ultrasound gel were 93.79 mm, 45.32 mm, 103.13 mm, 83.86 mm, and 83.86 mm, respectively. In contrast, the proposed soft solid gel exhibited dimensions of 105.64 mm, 34.48 mm, 141.1 mm, and 102.8 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchan Kim
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Kicheol Yoon
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.Y.); (S.L.)
- Premedicine Course, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro 3, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Sciences & Health and Environmental Convergence Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Seung Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambak-moero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Jo Y, Im GH, Lee C, Oh C, Kook G, Kim SG, Lee HJ. Miniaturized MR-compatible ultrasound system for real-time monitoring of acoustic effects in mice using high-resolution MRI. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120201. [PMID: 37269955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualization of focused ultrasound in high spatial and temporal resolution is crucial for accurately and precisely targeting brain regions noninvasively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely used noninvasive tool for whole-brain imaging. However, focused ultrasound studies employing high-resolution (> 9.4 T) MRI in small animals are limited by the small size of the radiofrequency (RF) volume coil and the noise sensitivity of the image to external systems such as bulky ultrasound transducers. This technical note reports a miniaturized ultrasound transducer system packaged directly above a mouse brain for monitoring ultrasound-induced effects using high-resolution 9.4 T MRI. Our miniaturized system integrates MR-compatible materials with electromagnetic (EM) noise reduction techniques to demonstrate echo-planar imaging (EPI) signal changes in the mouse brain at various ultrasound acoustic intensities. The proposed ultrasound-MRI system will enable extensive research in the expanding field of ultrasound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yehhyun Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chaerin Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geon Kook
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KAIST Institute for Nano Century (KINC), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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Jo Y, Lee S, Jung T, Park G, Lee C, Im GH, Lee S, Park JS, Oh C, Kook G, Kim H, Kim S, Lee BC, Suh GS, Kim S, Kim J, Lee HJ. General-Purpose Ultrasound Neuromodulation System for Chronic, Closed-Loop Preclinical Studies in Freely Behaving Rodents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202345. [PMID: 36259285 PMCID: PMC9731702 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is an effective noninvasive treatment modality for brain disorders with high clinical potential. However, the therapeutic effects of ultrasound neuromodulation are not widely explored due to limitations in preclinical systems. The current preclinical studies are head-fixed, anesthesia-dependent, and acute, limiting clinical translatability. Here, this work reports a general-purpose ultrasound neuromodulation system for chronic, closed-loop preclinical studies in freely behaving rodents. This work uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to design and fabricate a small and lightweight transducer capable of artifact-free stimulation and simultaneous neural recording. Using the general-purpose system, it can be observed that state-dependent ultrasound neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex increases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and protects spatial working memory to REM sleep deprivation. The system will allow explorative studies in brain disease therapeutics and neuromodulation using ultrasound stimulation for widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehhyun Jo
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Mok Lee
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Taesub Jung
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)Daegu41068Republic of Korea
| | - Gijae Park
- Department of Electrical EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Electrical EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Creative Research Center for Brain ScienceKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerin Oh
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kook
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggug Kim
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kim
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain ScienceKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Greg S.B. Suh
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)Daegu41068Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo J. Lee
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Cai Y, Huang Q, Wang P, Ye K, Zhao Z, Chen H, Liu Z, Liu H, Wong H, Tamtaji M, Zhang K, Xu F, Jin G, Zeng L, Xie J, Du Y, Hu Z, Sun D, Qin J, Lu X, Luo Z. Conductive Hydrogel Conduits with Growth Factor Gradients for Peripheral Nerve Repair in Diabetics with Non-Suture Tape. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200755. [PMID: 35670309 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury with slow and incomplete regeneration owing to hyperglycemia and microvascular complications. This study develops a graphene-based nerve guidance conduit by incorporating natural double network hydrogel and a neurotrophic concentration gradient with non-invasive treatment for diabetics. GelMA/silk fibroin double network hydrogel plays quadruple roles for rapid setting/curing, suitable mechanical supporting, good biocompatibility, and sustainable growth factor delivery. Meanwhile, graphene mesh can improve the toughness of conduit and enhance conductivity of conduit for regeneration. Here, novel silk tapes show quick and tough adhesion of wet tissue by dual mechanism to replace suture step. The in vivo results demonstrate that gradient concentration of netrin-1 in conduit have better performance than uniform concentration caused by chemotaxis phenomenon for axon extension, remyelination, and angiogenesis. Altogether, GelMA/silk graphene conduit with gradient netrin-1 and dry double-sided adhesive tape can significantly promote repairing of peripheral nerve injury and inhibit the atrophy of muscles for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Haomin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hoilun Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mohsen Tamtaji
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guorui Jin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lun Zeng
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P. R. China
| | - Yucong Du
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Silver Age Engineering Plastics (Dongguan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523187, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Lee T, Jung J, Lee SM, Park J, Park JH, Paik KW, Lee HJ. FPCB as an Acoustic Matching Layer for 1D Linear Ultrasound Transducer Arrays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155557. [PMID: 35898059 PMCID: PMC9332256 DOI: 10.3390/s22155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An acoustic matching layer is an essential component of an ultrasound transducer to achieve maximum ultrasound transmission efficiency. Here, we develop a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) with a composite structure consisting of multiple polyimide and copper layers and demonstrate it as a novel acoustic matching layer. With a flexible substrate and robust ACF bonding, the FPCB not only serves as an acoustic matching layer between piezoelectric elements and the surrounding medium but also as a ground for the electrical connection between the transducer array elements and the folded substrate. A 1D linear ultrasound transducer array with the FPCB matching layer exhibits larger output pressure, wider -3dB bandwidth, and higher ultrasound beam intensity compared to that of an ultrasound transducer array with the alumina/epoxy matching layer, which is one of the most commonly applied composite matching layers. The enhanced transmission performance verifies that the proposed FPCB is an excellent matching layer for 1D linear ultrasound transducer arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (T.L.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Joontaek Jung
- Office of Nano Convergence Technology, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (T.L.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Jongcheol Park
- Office of Nano Convergence Technology, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Samsung Foundry, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18448, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Wook Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Hyunjoo J. Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (T.L.); (S.-M.L.)
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Guess M, Zavanelli N, Yeo WH. Recent Advances in Materials and Flexible Sensors for Arrhythmia Detection. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030724. [PMID: 35160670 PMCID: PMC8836661 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmias are one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and their early detection is essential for patient wellness. However, traditional arrhythmia diagnosis by expert evaluation from intermittent clinical examinations is time-consuming and often lacks quantitative data. Modern wearable sensors and machine learning algorithms have attempted to alleviate this problem by providing continuous monitoring and real-time arrhythmia detection. However, current devices are still largely limited by the fundamental mismatch between skin and sensor, giving way to motion artifacts. Additionally, the desirable qualities of flexibility, robustness, breathability, adhesiveness, stretchability, and durability cannot all be met at once. Flexible sensors have improved upon the current clinical arrhythmia detection methods by following the topography of skin and reducing the natural interface mismatch between cardiac monitoring sensors and human skin. Flexible bioelectric, optoelectronic, ultrasonic, and mechanoelectrical sensors have been demonstrated to provide essential information about heart-rate variability, which is crucial in detecting and classifying arrhythmias. In this review, we analyze the current trends in flexible wearable sensors for cardiac monitoring and the efficacy of these devices for arrhythmia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Guess
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (M.G.); (N.Z.)
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nathan Zavanelli
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (M.G.); (N.Z.)
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (M.G.); (N.Z.)
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-385-5710
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