1
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Li L, Cheng B, Chen S, Ding Y, Zhao X, Wan S, Shi Y, Ye C. Programmable multimode optical encryption of advanced printable security inks by integrating structural color with Down/Up- conversion photoluminescence. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:152-160. [PMID: 38833735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Optical information encryption with high encoding capacities can significantly boost the security level of anti-counterfeiting in the scenario of guaranteeing the authenticity of a wide scope of common and luxury goods. In this work, a novel counterfeiting material with high-degree complexity is fabricated by microencapsulating cholesteric liquid crystals and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion fluorophores to integrate structural coloration with fluorescence and upconversion photoluminescence. Moreover, the multimode security ink presents tailorable optical behaviors and programmable abilities on flexible substrates by various printing techniques, which offers distinct information encryption under different optical modes. The advanced strategy provides a practical versatile platform for high-secure-level multimode optical inks with largely enhanced encoding capacities, programmability, printability, and cost-effectiveness, which manifests enormous potentials for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Shuoran Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Yilei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Shigang Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yizhong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Luo G, Hu R, Yang G, Chen J, Yu T, Zeng Y, Li Y. Crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework for air-tolerant triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4475-4478. [PMID: 38563956 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) consisting of a 9,10-diphenylanthracene carboxylic derivative, DPACOOH, was developed for solid state triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). The HOF sample shows a 70% increase in upconversion quantum yield and a lower threshold value of 126.0 mW cm-2 compared to those of the disordered powder sample, due to a 43% longer triplet diffusion length in HOF than that in the powder sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guiwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Tianjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Hu M, Belliveau E, Wu Y, Narayanan P, Feng D, Hamid R, Murrietta N, Ahmed GH, Kats MA, Congreve DN. Bulk Heterojunction Upconversion Thin Films Fabricated via One-Step Solution Deposition. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22642-22655. [PMID: 37963265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion of near-infrared light into the visible has achieved limited success in applications due to the difficulty of creating solid-state films with high external quantum efficiency (EQE). Recent developments have expanded the range of relevant materials for solid-state triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion through the use of a charge-transfer state sensitization process. Here, we report the single-step solution-processed deposition of a bulk heterojunction upconversion film using organic semiconductors. The use of a bulk heterojunction thin film enables a high contact area between sensitizer and annihilator materials in this interface-triplet-generation mechanism and allows for a facile single-step deposition process. Demonstrations of multiple deposition and patterning methods on glass and flexible substrates show the promise of this materials system for solid-state upconversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchen Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emma Belliveau
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Demeng Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rabeeya Hamid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Natalia Murrietta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ghada H Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mikhail A Kats
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Gu X, Chen S, Liang Z, Ju X, Li L, Wang X, Ye C. Multi-wavelength excited triplet-triplet upconversion microcrystals based on hot-band excitation for optical information encryption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22103-22110. [PMID: 37560903 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-wavelength hot-band excitation, forbidden in the conventional Stokes fluorescence mechanism, is found to be available with cascading triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Selective excitation of Pt(II)octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) by diode lasers with wavelengths of 532 nm, 589 nm, 635 nm, 655 nm, and 671 nm respectively can all induce 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) to emit blue upconversion, with the maximum anti-Stokes shift of 0.95 eV in the microcrystals exposed to air. Whether the zero-vibrational energy level excitation or the hot-vibrational energy level excitation in the ground state, the PtOEP/DPA pair showed triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) efficiencies approaching ∼95%. The doped microcrystal samples without encapsulation can emit blue upconversion from green/yellow/red excitation with stability for ∼20 days under atmospheric conditions, demonstrating their potential applications in multiple information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Gu
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Zuoqin Liang
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xiaolei Ju
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Research Center for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Ruiz-Molina D, Novio F, Roscini C. Water-Stable Upconverting Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Transparent Films and Anticounterfeiting Patterns with Air-Stable Upconversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8377-8386. [PMID: 36722461 PMCID: PMC9940112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion (UC) based on triplet-triplet annihilation is a very promising phenomenon with potential application in several areas, though, due to the intrinsic mechanism, the achievement of diffusion-limited solid materials with air-stable UC is still a challenge. Herein, we report UC coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) combining sensitizer and emitter molecules especially designed with alkyl spacers that promote the amorphous character. Beyond the characteristic constraints of crystalline MOFs, amorphous CPNs facilitate high dye density and flexible ratio tunability. To show the universality of the approach, two types of UC-CPNs are reported, exhibiting highly photostable UC in two different visible spectral regions. Given their nanoscale, narrow size distribution, and good chemical/colloidal stability in water, the CPNs were also successfully printed as anticounterfeiting patterns and used to make highly transparent and photostable films for luminescent solar concentrators, both showing air-stable UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhang
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudio Roscini
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Zähringer TJB, Moghtader JA, Bertrams MS, Roy B, Uji M, Yanai N, Kerzig C. Blue-to-UVB Upconversion, Solvent Sensitization and Challenging Bond Activation Enabled by a Benzene-Based Annihilator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215340. [PMID: 36398891 PMCID: PMC10108172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several energy-demanding photoreactions require harsh UV light from inefficient light sources. The conversion of low-energy visible light to high-energy singlet states via triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) could offer a solution for driving such reactions under mild conditions. We present the first annihilator with an emission maximum in the UVB region that, combined with an organic sensitizer, is suitable for blue-to-UVB upconversion. The annihilator singlet was successfully employed as an energy donor in subsequent FRET activations of aliphatic carbonyls. This hitherto unreported UC-FRET reaction sequence was directly monitored using laser spectroscopy and applied to mechanistic irradiation experiments demonstrating the feasibility of Norrish chemistry. Our results provide clear evidence for a novel blue light-driven substrate or solvent activation strategy, which is important in the context of developing more sustainable light-to-chemical energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J B Zähringer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian A Moghtader
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Sophie Bertrams
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bibhisan Roy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Uji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Liu L, Chen J, Yu T, Hu R, Yang G, Zeng Y, Li Y. Amplified circularly polarized luminescence enabled by photon upconversion in spin-coating cellulose matrix. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Yu T, Zeng Y, Chen J, Yang G, Li Y. Coupling Red-to-blue Upconversion Organic Microcrystals with Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S for Efficient and Durable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200343. [PMID: 35478382 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For semiconductor photocatalysts with excellent performance in solar H2 production, broadening the utilization of solar irradiation is highly necessary to further improve the solar conversion efficiency. Herein, we combined a Cd0.5 Zn0.5 S photocatalyst with DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals capable of red-to-blue photon upconversion, realizing substantial performance enhancement and an apparent quantum yield of 0.16% for H2 production driven by sub-bandgap photons (600∼650 nm). Meanwhile, this system could smoothly work with H2 production rate of 1.40 mmol g-1 h-1 for as long as 40 hours under 200 mW/cm2 irradiation with only 3% attenuation of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the O2 -barrier property of DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals assures that photocatalytic H2 production remains effective in the presence of 10% O2 by volume, which offers an opportunity for the photocatalytic application in O2 -enriched environments. The combination of O2 -resistant upconversion microcrystals and semiconductor catalysts is the most successful solution for the construction of TTA-UC-based photocatalytic H2 production system so far. The present study provides a clear guideline for designing new TTA-UC-based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Best practice in determining key photophysical parameters in triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1143-1158. [PMID: 35441266 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process in which low-energy light is transformed into light of higher energy. During the last two decades, it has gained increasing attention due to its potential in, e.g., biological applications and solar energy conversion. The highest efficiencies for TTA-UC systems have been achieved in liquid solution, owing to that several of the intermediate steps require close contact between the interacting species, something that is more easily achieved in diffusion-controlled environments. There is a good understanding of the kinetics dictating the performance in liquid TTA-UC systems, but so far, the community lacks cohesiveness in terms of how several important parameters are best determined experimentally. In this perspective, we discuss and present a "best practice" for the determination of several critical parameters in TTA-UC, namely triplet excited state energies, rate constants for triplet-triplet annihilation ([Formula: see text]), triplet excited-state lifetimes ([Formula: see text]), and excitation threshold intensity ([Formula: see text]). Finally, we introduce a newly developed method by which [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] may be determined simultaneously using the same set of time-resolved emission measurements. The experiment can be performed with a simple experimental setup, be ran under mild excitation conditions, and entirely circumvents the need for more challenging nanosecond transient absorption measurements, a technique that previously has been required to extract [Formula: see text]. Our hope is that the discussions and methodologies presented herein will aid the photon upconversion community in performing more efficient and manageable experiments while maintaining-and sometimes increasing-the accuracy and validity of the extracted parameters.
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