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Ma B, Sun Q, Wu J, Gu X, Yang H, Xie M, Liu Y, Cheng T. Interfacial polymerization mechanisms assisted flame retardancy process of low-flammable electrolytes on lithium anode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:545-554. [PMID: 38266336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thermal runaway is a hazardous risk, occurring more readily in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which leads to a rapid temperature rise and even combustion or explosion when using flammable electrolyte systems. Flame retardants (FRs), such as trimethyl phosphate (TMPa) and triethyl phosphate (TEP), are commonly utilized due to their effective flame suppression, low toxicity, and excellent thermal stability. However, the lack of in-depth understanding of the flame retardancy mechanism and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation process has made the development of functional electrolytes difficult at present. In this study, we clarified the flame retardancy and interfacial reaction mechanisms of low-flammable TMPa localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE) using hybrid ab initio and reactive force field (HAIR) schemes. Long-term HAIR simulation reveals that phosphorous radicals produced by the decomposition of TMPa capture carbon radicals, encouraging their polymerization into low-flammable oligomers, while fluorine-containing solvents in the electrolyte capture hydrogen radicals and produce nonflammable hydrofluoric acid (HF). This synergistic flame retardancy mechanism provides essential atomic-level insights for the rational design of high-safety electrolytes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qintao Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinying Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuewei Gu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Miao Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang X, Gao P, Wu Z, Engelhard MH, Cao X, Jia H, Xu Y, Liu H, Wang C, Liu J, Zhang JG, Liu P, Xu W. Pinned Electrode/Electrolyte Interphase and Its Formation Origin for Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode in Stable Lithium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52046-52057. [PMID: 36377408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) represents one of the most promising directions for high-energy-density lithium (Li)-sulfur batteries. However, the practical application of Li||SPAN is currently limited by the insufficient chemical/electrochemical stability of electrode/electrolyte interphase (EEI). Here, a pinned EEI layer is designed for stabilizing a SPAN cathode by regulating the EEI formation mechanism in an advanced LiFSI/ether/fluorinated-ether electrolyte. Computational simulations and experimental investigations reveal that, benefiting from the nonsolvating nature, the fluorinated-ether can not only act as a protective shield to prevent the Li polysulfides dissolution but also, more importantly, endow a diffusion-controlled EEI formation process. It promotes the formation of a uniform, protective, and conductive EEI layer pinning into SPAN surface region, enabling the high loading Li||SPAN batteries with superior cycling stability, wide temperature performance, and high-rate capability. This design strategy opens an avenue for exploring advanced electrolytes for Li||SPAN batteries and guides the interface design for broad types of battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Haodong Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chongming Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Li Y, Zhang L. Improving Li Ion Storage Capability of V
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Electrode by Using Aminoalkyldisiloxane Electrolyte Additive. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youpeng Li
- School of Energy and Automotive Engineering Shunde Polytechnic Foshan 528300 China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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Xu J. Critical Review on cathode-electrolyte Interphase Toward High-Voltage Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:166. [PMID: 35974213 PMCID: PMC9381680 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability window of current commercial carbonate-based electrolytes is no longer sufficient to meet the ever-increasing cathode working voltage requirements of high energy density lithium-ion batteries. It is crucial to construct a robust cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) for high-voltage cathode electrodes to separate the electrolytes from the active cathode materials and thereby suppress the side reactions. Herein, this review presents a brief historic evolution of the mechanism of CEI formation and compositions, the state-of-art characterizations and modeling associated with CEI, and how to construct robust CEI from a practical electrolyte design perspective. The focus on electrolyte design is categorized into three parts: CEI-forming additives, anti-oxidation solvents, and lithium salts. Moreover, practical considerations for electrolyte design applications are proposed. This review will shed light on the future electrolyte design which enables aggressive high-voltage cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijian Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Yao N, Chen X, Fu ZH, Zhang Q. Applying Classical, Ab Initio, and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics Simulations to the Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10970-11021. [PMID: 35576674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have become indispensable implements in our daily life and are considered a promising technology to construct sustainable energy systems in the future. The liquid electrolyte is one of the most important parts of a battery and is extremely critical in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and constructing safe and long-life-span batteries. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolyte solvents, salts, additives, and recipes, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an increasingly important role in exploring electrolyte structures, physicochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, and interfacial reaction mechanisms. This review affords an overview of applying MD simulations in the study of liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. First, the fundamentals and recent theoretical progress in three-class MD simulations are summarized, including classical, ab initio, and machine-learning MD simulations (section 2). Next, the application of MD simulations to the exploration of liquid electrolytes, including probing bulk and interfacial structures (section 3), deriving macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of electrolytes (section 4), and revealing the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction mechanisms (section 5), are sequentially presented. Finally, a general conclusion and an insightful perspective on current challenges and future directions in applying MD simulations to liquid electrolytes are provided. Machine-learning technologies are highlighted to figure out these challenging issues facing MD simulations and electrolyte research and promote the rational design of advanced electrolytes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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