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Caffrey E, Munuera JM, Carey T, Coleman JN. Quantifying the effect of nanosheet dimensions on the piezoresistive response of printed graphene nanosheet networks. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39101455 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Printed networks of 2D nanosheets have found a range of applications in areas including electronic devices, energy storage systems and sensors. For example, the ability to print graphene networks onto flexible substrates enables the production of high-performance strain sensors. The network resistivity is known to be sensitive to the nanosheet dimensions which implies the piezoresistance might also be size-dependent. In this study, the effect of nanosheet thickness on the piezoresistive response of nanosheet networks has been investigated. To achieve this, we liquid-exfoliated graphene nanosheets which were then subjected to centrifugation-based size selection followed by spray deposition onto flexible substrates. The resultant devices show increasing resistivity and gauge factor with increasing nanosheet thickness. We analyse the resistivity versus thickness data using a recently reported model and develop a new model to fit the gauge factor versus thickness data. This analysis allowed us to differentiate between the effect of strain on inter-nanosheet junctions and the straining of the individual nanosheets within the network. Surprisingly, our data implies the nanosheets themselves to display a negative piezo response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jose M Munuera
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Physics Department, University of Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca no 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Park SS. Review of Recent Progress on Silicone Rubber Composites for Multifunctional Sensor Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1841. [PMID: 39000697 PMCID: PMC11244113 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest progress (the year 2021-2024) on multifunctional sensors based on silicone rubber is reported. These multifunctional sensors are useful for real-time monitoring through relative resistance, relative current change, and relative capacitance types. The present review contains a brief overview and literature survey on the sensors and their multifunctionalities. This contains an introduction to the different functionalities of these sensors. Following the introduction, the survey on the types of filler or rubber and their fabrication are briefly described. The coming section deals with the fabrication methodology of these composites where the sensors are integrated. The special focus on mechanical and electro-mechanical properties is discussed. Electro-mechanical properties with a special focus on response time, linearity, and gauge factor are reported. The next section of this review reports the filler dispersion and its role in influencing the properties and applications of these sensors. Finally, various types of sensors are briefly reported. These sensors are useful for monitoring human body motions, breathing activity, environment or breathing humidity, organic gas sensing, and, finally, smart textiles. Ultimately, the study summarizes the key takeaway from this review article. These conclusions are focused on the merits and demerits of the sensors and are followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Boland CS. Performance analysis of solution-processed nanosheet strain sensors-a systematic review of graphene and MXene wearable devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:202001. [PMID: 38324912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has led to the realisation of many potentialInternet of Thingsdevices that can be transformative with regards to future healthcare development. However, there is an over saturation of wearable sensor review articles that essentially quote paper abstracts without critically assessing the works. Reported metrics in many cases cannot be taken at face value, with researchers overly fixated on large gauge factors. These facts hurt the usefulness of such articles and the very nature of the research area, unintentionally misleading those hoping to progress the field. Graphene and MXenes are arguably the most exciting organic and inorganic nanomaterials for polymer nanocomposite strain sensing applications respectively. Due to their combination of cost-efficient, scalable production and device performances, their potential commercial usage is very promising. Here, we explain the methods for colloidal nanosheets suspension creation and the mechanisms, metrics and models which govern the electromechanical properties of the polymer-based nanocomposites they form. Furthermore, the many fabrication procedures applied to make these nanosheet-based sensing devices are discussed. With the performances of 70 different nanocomposite systems from recent (post 2020) publications critically assessed. From the evaluation of these works using universal modelling, the prospects of the field are considered. Finally, we argue that the realisation of commercial nanocomposite devices may in fact have a negative effect on the global climate crisis if current research trends do not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor S Boland
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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Huang J, Hua L, Li J, Xu X, Song L, Lu Z. Sandwiched film of graphene/silver nanowire conductive layer reinforced by hydroxyethyl cellulose bond layer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128883. [PMID: 38141715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer nanocomposite film made of different materials has multifunctional properties and is applied in the field of flexible electronic devices. Herein, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) were used as the matrix and thermal conductivity material of the HEC/BNNS (HB) insulation layer and were combined with conductive blade structure graphene/silver nanowires (GA) film to prepare a three-layer HB/GA20/HB film. Using the high mechanical properties of the HEC based film, the tensile strength of the three-layer film is increased to 22.0 MPa, 633 % higher than that of the pure conductive film. The sensor prepared by multilayer film has good bending sensing performance (1500 cycles) and electromagnetic shielding performance (29.3 dB). The heating temperature of HB/GA20/HB film heater is up to 107.9 °C at 20 V. In the HB/GA20/HB film, the external HB layer provides insulation, thermal conductivity and physical support, and the internal GA layer with good conductive and sensing properties is combined to build a multi-functional sensor, which can be applied as a mobile sensor, heater and electromagnetic shielding material in the flexible wearable field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Huang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Li Hua
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lizhi Song
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhaoqing Lu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Innocent MT, Zhang Z, Cao R, Dai H, Zhang Y, Geng Y, Zhang Z, Jia G, Zhai M, Hu Z, Boland CS, Xiang H, Zhu M. Piezoresistive Fibers with Large Working Factors for Strain Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2277-2288. [PMID: 36576915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Piezoresistive fibers with large working factors remain of great interest for strain sensing applications involving large strains, yet difficult to achieve. Here, we produced strain-sensitive fibers with large working factors by dip-coating nanocomposite piezoresistive inks on surface-modified polyether block amide (PEBA) fibers. Surface modification of neat PEBA fibers was carried out with polydopamine (PDA) while nanocomposite conductive inks consisted of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) elastomer and carbon black (CB). As such, the deposition of piezoresistive coatings was enabled through nonconventional hydrogen-bonding interactions. The resultant fibers demonstrated well-defined piezoresistive linear relationships, which increased with CB filler loading in SEBS. In addition, gauge factors decreased with increasing CB mass fractions from ∼15 to ∼7. Furthermore, we used the fatigue theory to predict the endurance limit (Ce) of our fibers toward resistance signal stability. Such a piezoresistive performance allowed us to explore the application of our fibers as strain sensors for monitoring the movement of finger joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugaanire Tendo Innocent
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Ziling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Ran Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Yaqi Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Guosheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Mian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Conor S Boland
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, BrightonBN19QH, U.K
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
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