1
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Carey T, Maughan J, Doolan L, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Ilhan C, Seyedin S, Coleman JN. Knot Architecture for Biocompatible and Semiconducting 2D Electronic Fiber Transistors. Small Methods 2024:e2301654. [PMID: 38602193 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices have generally been rigid due to their reliance on silicon-based technologies, while future wearables will utilize flexible components for example transistors within microprocessors to manage data. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting flakes have yet to be investigated in fiber transistors but can offer a route toward high-mobility, biocompatible, and flexible fiber-based devices. Here, the electrochemical exfoliation of semiconducting 2D flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to achieve homogeneous coatings onto the surface of polyester fibers. The high aspect ratio (>100) of the flake yields aligned and conformal flake-to-flake junctions on polyester fibers enabling transistors with mobilities μ ≈1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a current on/off ratio, Ion/Ioff ≈102-104. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with human keratinocyte cells are investigated and found to be biocompatible. As an additional step, a unique transistor 'knot' architecture is created by leveraging the fiber diameter to establish the length of the transistor channel, facilitating a route to scale down transistor channel dimensions (≈100 µm) and utilize it to make a MoS2 fiber transistor with a human hair that achieves mobilities as high as μ ≈15 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cansu Ilhan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shayan Seyedin
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Garcia J, Caffrey E, Doolan L, Horvath DV, Carey T, Gabbett C, Coleman JN. Near Room Temperature Production of Segregated Network Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and Regolith as Multifunctional, Extra-Terrestrial Building Materials. Small 2024:e2310954. [PMID: 38591858 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a semi-permanent base on the moon or Mars will require maximal use of materials found in situ and minimization of materials and equipment transported from Earth. This will mean a heavy reliance on regolith (Lunar or Marian soil) and water, supplemented by small quantities of additives fabricated on Earth. Here it is shown that SiO2-based powders, as well as Lunar and Martian regolith simulants, can be fabricated into building materials at near-ambient temperatures using only a few weight-percent of carbon nanotubes as a binder. These composites have compressive strength and toughness up to 100 MPa and 3 MPa respectively, higher than the best terrestrial concretes. They are electrically conductive (>20 S m-1) and display an extremely large piezoresistive response (gauge factor >600), allowing these composites to be used as internal sensors to monitor the structural health of extra-terrestrial buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Dominik V Horvath
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Cian Gabbett
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2 D02 W085, Ireland
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Liu S, Carey T, Munuera J, Synnatschke K, Kaur H, Coleman E, Doolan L, Coleman JN. Solution-Processed Heterojunction Photodiodes Based on WSe 2 Nanosheet Networks. Small 2023:e2304735. [PMID: 37735147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed photodetectors incorporating liquid-phase-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets are widely reported. However, previous studies mainly focus on the fabrication of photoconductors, rather than photodiodes which tend to be based on heterojunctions and are harder to fabricate. Especially, there are rare reports on introducing commonly used transport layers into heterojunctions based on nanosheet networks. In this study, a reliable solution-processing method is reported to fabricate heterojunction diodes with tungsten selenide (WSe2 ) nanosheets as the optical absorbing material and PEDOT: PSS and ZnO as injection/transport-layer materials. By varying the transport layer combinations, the obtained heterojunctions show rectification ratios of up to ≈104 at ±1 V in the dark, without relying on heavily doped silicon substrates. Upon illumination, the heterojunction can be operated in both photoconductor and photodiode modes and displays self-powered behaviors at zero bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jose Munuera
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, 18 Oviedo, Asturias, 33007, Spain
| | - Kevin Synnatschke
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emmet Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Carey T, Cassidy O, Synnatschke K, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Kelly AG, Munuera J, Gabbett C, O’Suilleabhain D, Coleman JN. High-Mobility Flexible Transistors with Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Tungsten Dichalcogenides. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2912-2922. [PMID: 36720070 PMCID: PMC9933598 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) flakes beyond molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) will be necessary to create a library of high-mobility solution-processed networks that conform to substrates and remain functional over thousands of bending cycles. Here we report electrochemical exfoliation of large-aspect-ratio (>100) semiconducting flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) as well as MoS2 as a comparison. We use Langmuir-Schaefer coating to achieve highly aligned and conformal flake networks, with minimal mesoporosity (∼2-5%), at low processing temperatures (120 °C) and without acid treatments. This allows us to fabricate electrochemical transistors in ambient air, achieving average mobilities of μMoS2 ≈ 11 cm2 V-1 s-1, μWS2 ≈ 9 cm2 V-1 s-1, and μWSe2 ≈ 2 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a current on/off ratios of Ion/Ioff ≈ 2.6 × 103, 3.4 × 103, and 4.2 × 104 for MoS2, WS2, and WSe2, respectively. Moreover, our transistors display threshold voltages near ∼0.4 V with subthreshold slopes as low as 182 mV/dec, which are essential factors in maintaining power efficiency and represent a 1 order of magnitude improvement in the state of the art. Furthermore, the performance of our WSe2 transistors is maintained on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) even after 1000 bending cycles at 1% strain.
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5
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Liu S, Ding EX, Kelly AG, Doolan L, Gabbett C, Kaur H, Munuera J, Carey T, Garcia J, Coleman JN. Solution processed, vertically stacked hetero-structured diodes based on liquid-exfoliated WS 2 nanosheets: from electrode-limited to bulk-limited behavior. Nanoscale 2022; 14:15679-15690. [PMID: 36263752 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04196k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertically stacked metal-semiconductor-metal heterostructures, based on liquid-processed nanomaterials, hold great potential for various printed electronic applications. Here we describe the fabrication of such devices by spray-coating semiconducting tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets onto indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrodes, followed by spraying single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as the top electrode. Depending on the formulation of the SWNTs ink, we could fabricate either Ohmic or Schottky contacts at the WS2/SWNTs interface. Using isopropanol-dispersed SWNTs led to Ohmic contacts and bulk-limited devices, characterized by out-of-plane conductivities of ∼10-4 S m-1. However, when aqueous SWNTs inks were used, rectification was observed, due to the formation of a doping-induced Schottky barrier at the WS2/SWNTs interface. For thin WS2 layers, such devices were characterized by a barrier height of ∼0.56 eV. However, increasing the WS2 film thickness led to increased series resistance, leading to a change-over from electrode-limited to bulk-limited behavior at a transition thickness of ∼2.6 μm. This work demonstrates that Ohmic/Schottky behavior is tunable and lays the foundation for fabricating large-area 2D nanosheet-based solution-deposited devices and stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Er-Xiong Ding
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Adam G Kelly
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Cian Gabbett
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jose Munuera
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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6
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Oluwasanya PW, Carey T, Samad YA, Occhipinti LG. Unencapsulated and washable two-dimensional material electronic-textile for NO 2 sensing in ambient air. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12288. [PMID: 35853965 PMCID: PMC9296651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials adopted in electronic gas sensors, such as chemiresistive-based NO2 sensors, for integration in clothing fail to survive standard wash cycles due to the combined effect of aggressive chemicals in washing liquids and mechanical abrasion. Device failure can be mitigated by using encapsulation materials, which, however, reduces the sensor performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and therefore utility. A highly sensitive NO2 electronic textile (e-textile) sensor was fabricated on Nylon fabric, which is resistant to standard washing cycles, by coating Graphene Oxide (GO), and GO/Molybdenum disulfide (GO/MoS2) and carrying out in situ reduction of the GO to Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). The GO/MoS2 e-textile was selective to NO2 and showed sensitivity to 20 ppb NO2 in dry air (0.05%/ppb) and 100 ppb NO2 in humid air (60% RH) with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~ 7.3 ppb. The selectivity and low LOD is achieved with the sensor operating at ambient temperatures (~ 20 °C). The sensor maintained its functionality after undergoing 100 cycles of standardised washing with no encapsulation. The relationship between temperature, humidity and sensor response was investigated. The e-textile sensor was embedded with a microcontroller system, enabling wireless transmission of the measurement data to a mobile phone. These results show the potential for integrating air quality sensors on washable clothing for high spatial resolution (< 25 cm2)—on-body personal exposure monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelumi W Oluwasanya
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yarjan Abdul Samad
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Kelly AG, O'Reilly J, Gabbett C, Szydłowska B, O'Suilleabhain D, Khan U, Maughan J, Carey T, Sheil S, Stamenov P, Coleman JN. Highly Conductive Networks of Silver Nanosheets. Small 2022; 18:e2105996. [PMID: 35218146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although printed networks of semiconducting nanosheets have found success in a range of applications, conductive nanosheet networks are limited by low conductivities (<106 S m-1 ). Here, dispersions of silver nanosheets (AgNS) that can be printed into highly conductive networks are described. Using a commercial thermal inkjet printer, AgNS patterns with unannealed conductivities of up to (6.0 ± 1.1) × 106 S m-1 are printed. These networks can form electromagnetic interference shields with record shielding effectiveness of >60 dB in the microwave region at thicknesses <200 nm. High resolution patterns with line widths down to 10 µm are also printed using an aerosol-jet printer which, when annealed at 200 °C, display conductivity >107 S m-1 . Unlike conventional Ag-nanoparticle inks, the 2D geometry of AgNS yields smooth, short-free interfaces between electrode and active layer when used as the top electrode in vertical nanosheet heterostructures. This shows that all-printed vertical heterostructures of AgNS/WS2 /AgNS, where the top electrode is a mesh grid, function as photodetectors demonstrating that such structures can be used in optoelectronic applications that usually require transparent conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Kelly
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Jane O'Reilly
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Cian Gabbett
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Beata Szydłowska
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Domhnall O'Suilleabhain
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Umar Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Siadhbh Sheil
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Plamen Stamenov
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 W085, Ireland
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8
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Caffrey E, Garcia JR, O'Suilleabhain D, Gabbett C, Carey T, Coleman JN. Quantifying the Piezoresistive Mechanism in High-Performance Printed Graphene Strain Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:7141-7151. [PMID: 35099920 PMCID: PMC8832394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Printed strain sensors will be important in applications such as wearable devices, which monitor breathing and heart function. Such sensors need to combine high sensitivity and low resistance with other factors such as cyclability, low hysteresis, and minimal frequency/strain-rate dependence. Although nanocomposite sensors can display a high gauge factor (G), they often perform poorly in the other areas. Recently, evidence has been growing that printed, polymer-free networks of nanoparticles, such as graphene nanosheets, display very good all-round sensing performance, although the details of the sensing mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we perform a detailed characterization of the thickness dependence of piezoresistive sensors based on printed networks of graphene nanosheets. We find both conductivity and gauge factor to display percolative behavior at low network thickness but bulk-like behavior for networks above ∼100 nm thick. We use percolation theory to derive an equation for gauge factor as a function of network thickness, which well-describes the observed thickness dependence, including the divergence in gauge factor as the percolation threshold is approached. Our analysis shows that the dominant contributor to the sensor performance is not the effect of strain on internanosheet junctions but the strain-induced modification of the network structure. Finally, we find these networks display excellent cyclability, hysteresis, and frequency/strain-rate dependence as well as gauge factors as high as 350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - James R Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Domhnall O'Suilleabhain
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Cian Gabbett
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
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9
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Seyedin S, Carey T, Arbab A, Eskandarian L, Bohm S, Kim JM, Torrisi F. Fibre electronics: towards scaled-up manufacturing of integrated e-textile systems. Nanoscale 2021; 13:12818-12847. [PMID: 34477768 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quest for a close human interaction with electronic devices for healthcare, safety, energy and security has driven giant leaps in portable and wearable technologies in recent years. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are emerging as key enablers of wearable devices. Unlike conventional heavy, rigid, and hard-to-wear gadgets, e-textiles can lead to lightweight, flexible, soft, and breathable devices, which can be worn like everyday clothes. A new generation of fibre-based electronics is emerging which can be made into wearable e-textiles. A suite of start-of-the-art functional materials have been used to develop novel fibre-based devices (FBDs), which have shown excellent potential in creating wearable e-textiles. Recent research in this area has led to the development of fibre-based electronic, optoelectronic, energy harvesting, energy storage, and sensing devices, which have also been integrated into multifunctional e-textile systems. Here we review the key technological advancements in FBDs and provide an updated critical evaluation of the status of the research in this field. Focusing on various aspects of materials development, device fabrication, fibre processing, textile integration, and scaled-up manufacturing we discuss current limitations and present an outlook on how to address the future development of this field. The critical analysis of key challenges and existing opportunities in fibre electronics aims to define a roadmap for future applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Seyedin
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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10
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Hui F, Liu P, Hodge SA, Carey T, Wen C, Torrisi F, Galhena DTL, Tomarchio F, Lin Y, Moreno E, Roldan JB, Koren E, Ferrari AC, Lanza M. In Situ Observation of Low-Power Nano-Synaptic Response in Graphene Oxide Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. Small 2021; 17:e2101100. [PMID: 34081416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have reported the observation of electro-synaptic response in different metal/insulator/metal devices. However, most of them analyzed large (>1 µm2 ) devices that do not meet the integration density required by industry (1010 devices/mm2 ). Some studies emploied a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to explore nano-synaptic response in different materials, but in this setup there is a nanogap between the insulator and one of the metallic electrodes (i.e., the STM tip), not present in real devices. Here, it is demonstrated how to use conductive atomic force microscopy to explore the presence and quality of nano-synaptic response in confined areas <50 nm2 . Graphene oxide (GO) is selected due to its easy fabrication. Metal/GO/metal nano-synapses exhibit potentiation and paired pulse facilitation with low write current levels <1 µA (i.e., power consumption ≈3 µW), controllable excitatory post-synaptic currents, and long-term potentiation and depression. The results provide a new method to explore nano-synaptic plasticity at the nanoscale, and point to GO as an important candidate for the fabrication of ultrasmall (<50 nm2 ) electronic synapses fulfilling the integration density requirements of neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Peisong Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Stephen A Hodge
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Chao Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - D Thanuja L Galhena
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Flavia Tomarchio
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Yue Lin
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Enrique Moreno
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, University of Lyon, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR5516, St-Etienne, F-42023, France
| | - Juan B Roldan
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Elad Koren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Mario Lanza
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Mezzapesa F, Garrasi K, Schmidt J, Salemi L, Pistore V, Li L, Davies AG, Linfield EH, Riesch M, Jirauschek C, Carey T, Torrisi F, Ferrari AC, Vitiello MS. Terahertz Frequency Combs Exploiting an On-Chip, Solution-Processed, Graphene-Quantum Cascade Laser Coupled-Cavity. ACS Photonics 2020; 7:3489-3498. [PMID: 33365362 PMCID: PMC7747868 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer quantum-cascade-lasers (QCLs) with ultrabroad gain spectra, and with a full compensation of the group velocity dispersion, at terahertz (THz) frequencies, is key for devising monolithic and miniaturized optical frequency-comb-synthesizers (FCSs) in the far-infrared. In THz QCLs four-wave mixing, driven by intrinsic third-order susceptibility of the intersubband gain medium, self-locks the optical modes in phase, allowing stable comb operation, albeit over a restricted dynamic range (∼20% of the laser operational range). Here, we engineer miniaturized THz FCSs, comprising a heterogeneous THz QCL, integrated with a tightly coupled, on-chip, solution-processed, graphene saturable-absorber reflector that preserves phase-coherence between lasing modes, even when four-wave mixing no longer provides dispersion compensation. This enables a high-power (8 mW) FCS with over 90 optical modes, through 55% of the laser operational range. We also achieve stable injection-locking, paving the way to a number of key applications, including high-precision tunable broadband-spectroscopy and quantum-metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco
P. Mezzapesa
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katia Garrasi
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Salemi
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentino Pistore
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lianhe Li
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - A. Giles Davies
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Edmund H. Linfield
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Michael Riesch
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Christian Jirauschek
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Andrea C. Ferrari
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Miriam S. Vitiello
- NEST,
CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Risch Z, Bellile E, Townsend R, Swiecicki P, Casper K, Malloy K, Hogikyan N, Spector M, Shuman A, Stucken C, Chinn S, Chepeha D, Jolly S, Mierzwa M, Bradford C, Eisbruch A, Carey T, Prince M, Wolf G, Worden F. Low neutrophil to lymphocyte & high lymphocyte to monocyte ratios associated with improved overall survival & response to induction chemotherapy when selecting patients with locally advanced squamous cell of the larynx for combined chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Schütt F, Zapf M, Signetti S, Strobel J, Krüger H, Röder R, Carstensen J, Wolff N, Marx J, Carey T, Schweichel M, Terasa MI, Siebert L, Hong HK, Kaps S, Fiedler B, Mishra YK, Lee Z, Pugno NM, Kienle L, Ferrari AC, Torrisi F, Ronning C, Adelung R. Conversionless efficient and broadband laser light diffusers for high brightness illumination applications. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1437. [PMID: 32188852 PMCID: PMC7080714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser diodes are efficient light sources. However, state-of-the-art laser diode-based lighting systems rely on light-converting inorganic phosphor materials, which strongly limit the efficiency and lifetime, as well as achievable light output due to energy losses, saturation, thermal degradation, and low irradiance levels. Here, we demonstrate a macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional diffuser composed of interconnected hollow hexagonal boron nitride microtubes with nanoscopic wall-thickness, acting as an artificial solid fog, capable of withstanding ~10 times the irradiance level of remote phosphors. In contrast to phosphors, no light conversion is required as the diffuser relies solely on strong broadband (full visible range) lossless multiple light scattering events, enabled by a highly porous (>99.99%) non-absorbing nanoarchitecture, resulting in efficiencies of ~98%. This can unleash the potential of lasers for high-brightness lighting applications, such as automotive headlights, projection technology or lighting for large spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schütt
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Zapf
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Signetti
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, I-38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Julian Strobel
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Krüger
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Röder
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Carstensen
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Wolff
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janik Marx
- Institute of Polymers and Composites, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Marleen Schweichel
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maik-Ivo Terasa
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leonard Siebert
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hyo-Ki Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sören Kaps
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bodo Fiedler
- Institute of Polymers and Composites, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, I-38123, Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road E1 4NS, London, UK
- Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, via del Politecnico snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Qiang S, Carey T, Arbab A, Song W, Wang C, Torrisi F. Wearable solid-state capacitors based on two-dimensional material all-textile heterostructures. Nanoscale 2019; 11:9912-9919. [PMID: 31066397 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a rapidly growing area of interest for wearable electronics, due to their flexible and unique electrical properties. All-textile-based wearable electronic components are key to enable future wearable electronics. Single component electrical elements have been demonstrated; however heterostructure-based assemblies, combining electrically conductive and dielectric textiles such as all-textile capacitors are currently missing. Here we demonstrate a superhydrophobic conducting fabric with a sheet resistance Rs∼ 2.16 kΩ□-1, and a pinhole-free dielectric fabric with a relative permittivity εr∼ 2.35 enabled by graphene and hexagonal boron nitride inks, respectively. The different fabrics are then integrated to engineer the first example of an all-textile-based capacitive heterostructure with an effective capacitance C ∼ 26 pF cm-2 and a flexibility of ∼1 cm bending radius. The capacitor sustains 20 cycles of repeated washing and more than 100 cycles of repeated bending. Finally, an AC low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of ∼15 kHz is integrated by combining the conductive polyester and the capacitor. These results pave the way toward all-textile vertically integrated electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China. and Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Adrees Arbab
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Weihua Song
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Chaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
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15
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Taale M, Schütt F, Carey T, Marx J, Mishra YK, Stock N, Fiedler B, Torrisi F, Adelung R, Selhuber-Unkel C. Biomimetic Carbon Fiber Systems Engineering: A Modular Design Strategy To Generate Biofunctional Composites from Graphene and Carbon Nanofibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5325-5335. [PMID: 30600988 PMCID: PMC6369718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based fibrous scaffolds are highly attractive for all biomaterial applications that require electrical conductivity. It is additionally advantageous if such materials resembled the structural and biochemical features of the natural extracellular environment. Here, we show a novel modular design strategy to engineer biomimetic carbon fiber-based scaffolds. Highly porous ceramic zinc oxide (ZnO) microstructures serve as three-dimensional (3D) sacrificial templates and are infiltrated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene dispersions. Once the CNTs and graphene coat the ZnO template, the ZnO is either removed by hydrolysis or converted into carbon by chemical vapor deposition. The resulting 3D carbon scaffolds are both hierarchically ordered and free-standing. The properties of the microfibrous scaffolds were tailored with a high porosity (up to 93%), a high Young's modulus (ca. 0.027-22 MPa), and an electrical conductivity of ca. 0.1-330 S/m, as well as different surface compositions. Cell viability, fibroblast proliferation rate and protein adsorption rate assays have shown that the generated scaffolds are biocompatible and have a high protein adsorption capacity (up to 77.32 ± 6.95 mg/cm3) so that they are able to resemble the extracellular matrix not only structurally but also biochemically. The scaffolds also allow for the successful growth and adhesion of fibroblast cells, showing that we provide a novel, highly scalable modular design strategy to generate biocompatible carbon fiber systems that mimic the extracellular matrix with the additional feature of conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Taale
- Biocompatible
Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science and Functional Nanomaterials,
Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Schütt
- Biocompatible
Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science and Functional Nanomaterials,
Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Janik Marx
- Institute
of Polymer and Composites, Hamburg University
of Technology, Denickestraße
15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Biocompatible
Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science and Functional Nanomaterials,
Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Bodo Fiedler
- Institute
of Polymer and Composites, Hamburg University
of Technology, Denickestraße
15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Biocompatible
Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science and Functional Nanomaterials,
Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Biocompatible
Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science and Functional Nanomaterials,
Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Hawkins P, Bellile E, Jackson W, Malloy K, Chinn S, Shuman A, Stucken C, Mclean S, Bradford C, Prince M, Carey T, Worden F, Swiecicki P, Taylor J, Wolf G, Eisbruch A, Casper K, Mierzwa M. Impact of AJCC 8th Edition Clinical T- and N-Classifications on Oncologic Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Carey T, Jones C, Le Moal F, Deganello D, Torrisi F. Spray-Coating Thin Films on Three-Dimensional Surfaces for a Semitransparent Capacitive-Touch Device. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:19948-19956. [PMID: 29745645 PMCID: PMC6057686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we formulate low surface tension (∼30 mN/m) and low boiling point (∼79 °C) inks of graphene, single-wall carbon nanotubes and conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and demonstrate their viability for spray-coating of morphologically uniform ( Sq ≈ 48 ± 3 nm), transparent conducting films (TCFs) at room temperature (∼20 °C), which conform to three dimensional curved surfaces. Large area (∼750 cm2) hybrid PEDOT:PSS/graphene films achieved an optical transmission of 67% in the UV and 64% in the near-infrared wavelengths with a conductivity of ∼104 S/m. Finally, we demonstrate the spray-coating of TCFs as an electrode on the inside of a poly(methyl methacrylate) sphere, enabling a semitransparent (around 360°) and spherical touch sensor for interactive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene
Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Chris Jones
- Novalia Ltd, Impington, Cambridge CB24 9N, U.K.
| | | | - Davide Deganello
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating,
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene
Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
- E-mail:
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18
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Call TP, Carey T, Bombelli P, Lea-Smith DJ, Hooper P, Howe CJ, Torrisi F. Platinum-free, graphene based anodes and air cathodes for single chamber microbial fuel cells. J Mater Chem A Mater 2017; 5:23872-23886. [PMID: 29456857 PMCID: PMC5795293 DOI: 10.1039/c7ta06895f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) exploit the ability of microorganisms to generate electrical power during metabolism of substrates. However, the low efficiency of extracellular electron transfer from cells to the anode and the use of expensive rare metals as catalysts, such as platinum, limit their application and scalability. In this study we investigate the use of pristine graphene based electrodes at both the anode and the cathode of a MFC for efficient electrical energy production from the metabolically versatile bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009. We achieve a volumetric peak power output (PV) of up to 3.51 ± 0.50 W m-3 using graphene based aerogel anodes with a surface area of 8.2 m2 g-1. We demonstrate that enhanced MFC output arises from the interplay of the improved surface area, enhanced conductivity, and catalytic surface groups of the graphene based electrode. In addition, we show a 500-fold increase in PV to 1.3 ± 0.23 W m-3 when using a graphene coated stainless steel (SS) air cathode, compared to an uncoated SS cathode, demonstrating the feasibility of a platinum-free, graphene catalysed MFCs. Finally, we show a direct application for microwatt-consuming electronics by connecting several of these coin sized devices in series to power a digital clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby P Call
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1QW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 333688
| | - Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0FA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 332803
| | - Paolo Bombelli
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1QW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 333688
| | - David J Lea-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1QW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 333688
| | - Philippa Hooper
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0FA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 332803
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , UK
| | - Christopher J Howe
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1QW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 333688
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0FA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 332803
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19
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Carey T, Cacovich S, Divitini G, Ren J, Mansouri A, Kim JM, Wang C, Ducati C, Sordan R, Torrisi F. Fully inkjet-printed two-dimensional material field-effect heterojunctions for wearable and textile electronics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1202. [PMID: 29089495 PMCID: PMC5663939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully printed wearable electronics based on two-dimensional (2D) material heterojunction structures also known as heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, require robust and reproducible printed multi-layer stacks consisting of active channel, dielectric and conductive contact layers. Solution processing of graphite and other layered materials provides low-cost inks enabling printed electronic devices, for example by inkjet printing. However, the limited quality of the 2D-material inks, the complexity of the layered arrangement, and the lack of a dielectric 2D-material ink able to operate at room temperature, under strain and after several washing cycles has impeded the fabrication of electronic devices on textile with fully printed 2D heterostructures. Here we demonstrate fully inkjet-printed 2D-material active heterostructures with graphene and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) inks, and use them to fabricate all inkjet-printed flexible and washable field-effect transistors on textile, reaching a field-effect mobility of ~91 cm2 V-1 s-1, at low voltage (<5 V). This enables fully inkjet-printed electronic circuits, such as reprogrammable volatile memory cells, complementary inverters and OR logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Stefania Cacovich
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Jiesheng Ren
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Aida Mansouri
- L-NESS, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Jong M Kim
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Chaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, School of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Roman Sordan
- L-NESS, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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20
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Hanson L, Zimmerman S, Song M, Lin F, Rosemond C, Carey T, Mitchell S. PROMOTING GOALS OF CARE TO IMPROVE DECISION MAKING IN NURSING HOMES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hanson
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
| | - S. Zimmerman
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
| | - M. Song
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,
| | - F. Lin
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
| | - C. Rosemond
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
| | - T. Carey
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
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21
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Carey T. Looking after #1: an innovative approach to improving the self-care of remote health professionals. Rural Remote Health 2016. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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22
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Swiecicki P, Dickerson E, Srinivasan A, Zhao L, Bellile E, Sacco A, Chepeha D, Dobrosotskaya I, Spector M, Shuman A, Malloy K, Moyer J, McKean E, Wolf G, Eisbruch A, Prince M, Bradford C, Carey T, Worden F. A Phase 2 Study Evaluating Axitinib in Patients With Unresectable, Recurrent, or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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van West H, Hodgson B, Parent E, Samuel S, Hodgson B, Ferland C, Soroceanu A, Soroceanu A, Protopsaltis T, Protopsaltis T, Radovanovic I, Amritanand R, Shamji M, Haugo K, Malham G, Jarzem P, Rampersaud Y, Tomkins-Lane C, Manson N, Malham G, Rampersaud Y, Malham G, Malham G, King V, Goldstein C, Fisher C, Fehlings M, Fisher C, Wong E, Sardar Z, Christie S, Patel A, Pinkoski C, Ahn H, Drew B, Dvorak M, Pezeshki P, Altaf F, Wilde P, Rampersaud Y, Sparrey C, Tetreault L, Fehlings M, Tetreault L, Rampersaud R, Jack A, Johnstone R, Fernandes A, Urquhart J, Morokoff A, Manson N, Tomkins-Lane C, Phan P, Evaniew N, Shamji M, Manson J, Rampersaud Y, Nault ML, St-Pierre GH, Larouche J, Lewis S, Wilgenbusch C, Lewis S, Rampersaud Y, Johnson R, Cushnie D, Sridharan S, Street J, Gregg C, Missiuna P, Abraham E, Abraham E, Manson N, Huang E, Passmore S, Mac-Thiong JM, Labelle H, Moulin D, Turgeon I, Roy-Beaudry M, Bourassa N, Petit Y, Parent. S, Chabot S, Westover L, Hill D, Moreau M, Hedden D, Lou E, Adeeb. S, Smith M, Bridge C, Hsu B, Gray. R, Group PORSCHES, Saran N, Mac-Thiong JM, Stone L, Ouellet. J, Protopsaltis T, Terran J, Bronsard N, Smith J, Klineberg E, Mundis G, Hostin R, Hart R, Shaffrey C, Bess S, Ames C, Schwab F, Lafage. V, Schwab F, Lafage V, Protopsaltis T, Ames C, Bess S, Smith J, Errico. T, Schwab F, Soroceanu A, Bronsard N, Smith J, Klineberg E, Mundis G, Hostin R, Hart R, Burton D, Ames C, Shaffrey C, Bess S, Errico T, Lafage. V, Terran J, Soroceanu A, Bronsard N, Smith J, Klineberg E, Mundis G, Kim HJ, Hostin R, Hart R, Shaffrey C, Bess S, Ames C, Schwab F, Lafage. V, Urquhart J, Gananapathy V, Siddiqi F, Gurr K, Bailey C, Ravi B, David K, Rampersaud. R, Tu Y, Salter. M, Nichol H, Fourney D, Kelly. M, Parker R, Ellis N, Blecher C, Chow F, Claydon. M, Sardar Z, Alexander D, Oxner W, Plessis SD, Yee A, Wai. E, Lewis S, Davey J, Gandhi R, Mahomed. N, Hu R, Thomas K, Hepler C, Choi K, Rowed K, Haig. A, Lam. K, Parker R, Blecher C, Seex. K, Perruccio A, Gandhi R, Program. UHNA, Ellis N, Parker R, Goss B, Blecher C, Ballok. Z, Parker R, Ellis N, Chan P, Varma. D, Swart A, Winder M, Varga PP, Gokaslan Z, Boriani S, Luzzati A, Rhines L, Fisher C, Chou D, Williams R, Dekutoski M, Quraishi N, Bettegowda C, Kawahara N, Fehlings. M, Versteeg A, Boriani S, Varga PP, Dekutoski M, Luzzati A, Gokaslan Z, Williams R, Reynolds J, Fehlings M, Bettegowda C, Rhines. L, Zamorano J, Nater A, Tetrault L, Varga P, Gokaslan Z, Boriani S, Fisher C, Rhines L, Bettegowda C, Kawahara N, Chou. D, Fehlings M, Kopjar B, Vaccaro A, Arnold P, Schuster J, Finkelstein J, Rhines L, Dekutoski M, Gokaslan Z, France. J, Whyne C, Singh D, Ford. M, Aldebeyan W, Ouellet J, Steffen T, Beckman L, Weber M, Jarzem. P, Kwon B, Ahn H, Bailey C, Fehlings M, Fourney D, Gagnon D, Tsai E, Tsui D, Parent S, Chen J, Dvorak M, Noonan V, Rivers C, Network RHSCIR, Batke J, Lenehan B, Fisher C, Dvorak M, Street. J, Fox R, Nataraj A, Bailey C, Christie S, Duggal N, Fehlings M, Finkelstein J, Fourney D, Hurlbert R, Kwon B, Townson A, Tsai E, Attabib N, Chen J, Dvorak M, Noonan V, Rivers C, Network. RHSCIR, Fehlings M, Paquet J, Ahn H, Attabib N, Bailey C, Christie S, Duggal N, Finkelstein J, Fourney D, Hurlbert R, Johnson M, Kwon B, Parent S, Tsai E, Dvorak M, Noonan V, Rivers C, Shen T, Network. RHSCIR, Fisher C, Kwon B, Drew B, Fehlings M, Paquet J, Ahn H, Attabib N, Bailey C, Christie S, Duggal N, Finkelstein J, Fourney D, Hurlbert R, Johnson M, Mac-Thiong JM, Parent S, Tsai E, Fallah N, Noonan V, Rivers C, Network RHSCIR, Davidson S, McCann C, Akens M, Murphy K, Whyne C, Sherar M, Yee. A, Belanger L, Ronco J, Dea N, Paquette S, Boyd M, Street J, Fisher C, Dvorak M, Kwon B, Gonzalvo A, Fitt G, Liew S, de la Harpe D, Turner P, Rogers M, Bidos A, Fanti C, Young B, Drew B, Puskas. D, Tam H, Manansala S, Nosov V, Delva M, Alshafai N, Kopjar B, Tan G, Arnold P, Fehlings. M, Kopjar B, Arnold P, Ibrahim A, Tetrault. L, Kopjar B, Arnold P, Fehlings. M, Sundararajan K, Eng. S, St-Pierre G, Nataraj A, Urquhart J, Rosas-Arellano P, Tallon C, Gurr K, Siddiqi F, Bailey S, Bailey C, Sundararajan K, Rampersaud. R, Rosa-Arellano P, Tallon C, Bailey S, Gurr K, Bailey. C, Parker R, Milili L, Goss B, Malham. G, Green A, McKeon M, Abraham. E, Lafave L, Parnell J, Rempel J, Moriartey S, Andreas Y, Wilson P, Hepler C, Ray H, Hu. R, Ploumis A, Hess K, Wood. K, Yarascavitch B, Madden K, Ghert M, Drew B, Bhandari M, Kwok D, Tu YS, Salter. M, Hadlow. A, Tso P, Walker K, Lewis S, Davey J, Mahomed N, Coyte. P, Mac-Thiong JM, Roy-Beaudry M, Turgeon I, Labelle H, deGuise J, Parent. S, Jack A, Fox R, Nataraj A, Paquette S, Leroux T, Yee A, Ahn H, Broad R, Fisher C, Hall H, Nataraj A, Hedden D, Christie S, Carey T, Mehta V, Fehlings M, Wadey. V, Dear T, Hashem. M, Fourney D, Goldstein S, Bodrogi A, Lipkus M, Dear T, Keshen S, Veillette C, Gandhi R, Adams D, Briggs N, Davey J, Fehlings M, Lau J, Lewis S, Magtoto R, Marshall K, Massicotte E, Ogilvie-Harris D, Sarro A, Syed K, Mohamed. N, Perera S, Taha A, Urquhart J, Gurr K, Siddiqi F, Bailey C, Thomas K, Cho R, Swamy G, Power C, Henari S, Lenehan. B, McIntosh G, Hall H, Hoffman. C, Karachi A, Pazionis T, AlShaya O, Green A, McKeon M, Manson. N, Green A, McKeon M, Manson. N, Green A, McKeon M, Murray J, Abraham. E, Thomas K, Suttor S, Goyal T, Littlewood J, Bains I, Bouchard J, Hu R, Jacobs B, Cho R, Swamy G, Johnson M, Pelleck V, Amad Y, Ramos E, Glazebrook C. Combined Spine Conference of the Canadian Spine Society New Zealand Orthopaedic Spine Society, Spine Society of Australia: Fairmont Château Lake Louise, Lake, Louise, Alberta, Tuesday, Feb. 25 to Saturday, Mar. 1, 20141.1.01 The use of suspension radiographs to predict LIV tilt.1.1.02 Surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without fusion: an animal model.1.1.03 Are full torso surface topography postural measurements more sensitive to change than back only parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and a main thoracic curve?1.2.04 Restoration of thoracic kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic kyphosis: comparative radiographic analysis of round versus rail rods.1.2.05 Scoliosis surgery in spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy: Is fusion to the pelvis always necessary? A 4–18-year follow-up study.1.2.06 Identification and validation of pain-related biomarkers surrounding spinal surgery in adolescents.1.3.07 Cervical sagittal deformity develops after PJK in adult throacolumbar deformity correction: radiographic analysis using a novel global sagittal angular parameter, the CTPA.1.3.08 Impact of obesity on complications and patient-reported outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery.1.3.09 The T1 pelvic angle, a novel radiographic measure of sagittal deformity, accounts for both pelvic retroversion and truncal inclination and correlates strongly with HRQOL.1.4.10 Determining cervical sagittal deformity when it is concurrent with thoracolumbar deformity.1.4.11 The influence of sagittal balance and pelvic parameters on the outcome of surgically treated patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.1.4.12 Predictors of degenerative spondylolisthesis and loading translation in surgical lumbar spinal stenosis patients.2.1.13 Mechanical allodynia following disc herniation requires intraneural macrophage infiltration and can be blocked by systemic selenium delivery or attenuation of BDNF activity.2.1.14 The effect of alanyl-glutamine on epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model.2.1.15 Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: a prospective study of complications.2.2.16 2-year results of a Canadian, multicentre, blinded, pilot study of a novel peptide in promoting lumbar spine fusion.2.2.17 Comparative outcomes and cost-utility following surgical treatment of focal lumbar spinal stenosis compared with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: long-term change in health-related quality of life.2.2.18 Changes in objectively measured walking performance, function, and pain following surgery for spondylolisthesis and lumbar spinal stenosis.2.3.19 A prospective multicentre observational data-monitored study of minimally invasive fusion to treat degenerative lumbar disorders: complications and outcomes at 1-year follow-up.2.3.20 Assessment and classification of subsidence in lateral interbody fusion using serial computed tomography.2.3.21 Predictors of willingness to undergo spinal and orthopaedic surgery after surgical consultation.2.4.22 Indirect foraminal decompression is independent of facet arthropathy in extreme lateral interbody fusion.2.4.23 Cervical artificial disc replacement with ProDisc-C: clinical and radiographic outcomes with long-term follow-up.2.4.24 Tantalum trabecular metal implants in anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.3.1.25 Hemangiomas of the spine: results of surgical management and prognostic variables for local recurrence and mortality in a multicentre study.3.1.26 Chondrosarcomas of the spine: prognostic variables for local recurrence and mortality in a multicentre study.3.1.27 Risk factors for recurrence of surgically treated spine schwannomas: analysis of 169 patients from a multicentre international database.3.2.28 Survival pattern and the effect of surgery on health related quality of life and functional outcome in patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression from lung cancer — the AOSpine North America prospective multicentre study.3.2.29 A biomechanical assessment of kyphoplasty as a stand-alone treatment in a human cadaveric burst fracture model.3.2.30 What is safer in incompetent vertebrae with posterior wall defects, kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty: a study in vertebral analogs.3.3.31 Feasibility of recruiting subjects for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) clinical trials in Canada.3.3.32 Prospective analysis of adverse events in elderly patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.3.3.33 Does traction before surgery influence time to neural decompression in patients with spinal cord injury?3.4.34 Current treatment of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury: Do we need age-specific guidelines?3.4.35 Current surgical practice for traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada.3.4.36 The importance of “time to surgery” for traumatic spinal cord injured patients: results from an ambispective Canadian cohort of 949 patients.3.5.37 Assessment of a novel coil-shaped radiofrequency probe in the porcine spine.3.5.38 The effect of norepinephrine and dopamine on cerebrospinal fluid pressure after acute spinal cord injury.3.5.39 The learning curve of pedicle screw placement: How many screws are enough?4.1.40 Preliminary report from the Ontario Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics (ISAEC).4.1.41 A surrogate model of the spinal cord complex for simulating bony impingement.4.1.42 Clinical and surgical predictors of specific complications following surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: results from the multicentre, prospective AOSpine international study on 479 patients.4.2.43 Outcomes of surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the prospective, multicentre, AOSpine international study in 479 patients.4.2.44 A clinical prediction rule for clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of an international AOSpine prospective multicentre data set of 757 subjects.4.2.45 The prevalence and impact of low back and leg pain among aging Canadians: a cross-sectional survey.4.3.46 Adjacent segment pathology: Progressive disease course or a product of iatrogenic fusion?4.3.47 Natural history of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis in patients with spinal stenosis.4.3.48 Changes in self-reported clinical status and health care utilization during wait time for surgical spine consultation: a prospective observational study.4.3.49 The Canadian surgical wait list for lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis has a detrimental effect on patient outcomes.4.3.50 Segmental lordosis is independent of interbody cage position in XLIF.4.3.51 Elevated patient BMI does not negatively affect self-reported outcomes of thoracolumbar surgery.1.5.52 The Spinal Stenosis Pedometer and Nutrition Lifestyle Intervention (SSPANLI): development and pilot.1.5.53 Study evaluating the variability of surgical strategy planning for patients with adult spinal deformity.1.5.54 Atlantoaxial instability in acute odontoid fractures is associated with nonunion and mortality.1.5.55 Peripheral hypersensitivity to subthreshold stimuli persists after resolution of acute experimental disc-herniation neuropathy.1.5.56 Radiation induced lumbar spinal osteonecrosis: case report and literature review.1.5.57 Comparative outcomes and cost-utility following surgical treatment of focal lumbar spinal stenosis compared with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: Part 2 — estimated lifetime incremental cost-utility ratios.1.5.58 A predictive model of progression for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on 3D spine parameters at first visit.1.5.59 Development of a clinical prediction model for surgical decision making in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease.2.5.60 Canadian spine surgery fellowship education: evaluating opportunity in developing a nationally based training curriculum.2.5.61 Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for severe proximal thoracic junctional kyphosis.2.5.62 A comparison of spine surgery referrals triaged through a multidisciplinary care pathway versus conventional referrals.2.5.63 Results and complications of posterior-based 3 column osteotomies in patients with previously fused spinal deformities.2.5.64 Orthopaedic Surgical AdVerse Event Severity (Ortho-SAVES) system: identifying opportunities for improved patient safety and resource utilization.2.5.65 Spontaneous spinal extra-axial haematomas — surgical experience in Otago and Southland 2011–2013.2.5.66 Obesity and spinal epidural lipomatosis in cauda equina syndrome.2.5.67 Factors affecting restoration of lumbar lordosis in adult degenerative scoliosis patients treated with lateral trans-psoas interbody fusion.3.6.68 Systematic review of complications in spinal surgery: a comparison of retrospective and prospective study design.3.6.69 Postsurgical rehabilitation patients have similar fear avoidance behaviour levels as those in nonoperative care.3.6.70 Outcomes of surgical treatment of adolescent spondyloptosis: a case series.3.6.71 Surgical success in primary versus revision thoracolumbar spine surgery.3.6.72 The effect of smoking on subjective patient outcomes in thoracolumbar surgery.3.6.73 Modelling patient recovery to predict outcomes following elective thoracolumbar surgery for degenerative pathologies.3.6.74 Outcomes from trans-psoas versus open approaches in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis.3.6.75 Lumbar spinal stenosis and presurgical assessment: the impact of walking induced strain on a performance-based outcome measure. Can J Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.005614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Vainshtein J, Spector M, Byrd S, Stenmark M, Wong K, Worden F, Carey T, Chepeha D, Eisbruch A. Impact of EGFR Overexpression and Imaging Biomarkers on Risk Stratification for Locoregional Failure in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vainshtein J, Spector M, Stenmark M, Carey T, Chepeha D, Wong K, Eisbruch A. Utility of Post-Chemoradiation Therapy FDG-PET/CT Response and PET Surveillance for Prediction of Locoregional Control in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Russo N, Wang X, Liu M, Banerjee R, Goto M, Scanlon C, Metwally T, Inglehart RC, Tsodikov A, Duffy S, Van Tubergen E, Bradford C, Carey T, Wolf G, Chinnaiyan AM, D'Silva NJ. A novel approach to biomarker discovery in head and neck cancer using an autoantibody signature. Oncogene 2012; 32:5026-37. [PMID: 23160375 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dismal prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), there have been no novel treatments in over 40 years. Identification of novel tumor antigens in SCCHN will facilitate the identification of potential novel treatment targets. Tumor antigens are proteins selectively expressed by tumor cells and recognized by the host immune system. Phage-displayed tumor antigens were enriched by biopanning with normal and then SCCHN-specific serum. Ninety-six phage clones were sequenced for identification, and 21 clones were validated using Luminex. One of these proteins, L23, a novel tumor antigen in SCCHN, was validated as an oncogene. L23 is upregulated in SCCHN compared with normal keratinocytes. Knockdown of L23 inhibited proliferation, invasion and cell survival. Overexpression of L23 had the reverse effect. Overexpression of L23 in non malignant cells led to transformation. Injection of SCCHN cells with knockdown of L23 in mice, induced tumors that were significantly smaller than control tumors. In conclusion, the immunomic screen yielded a panel of antigens specific to SCCHN; one of these proteins, L23, is a novel oncogene in SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Russo
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Dobrosotskaya IY, Light E, Maxwell JM, Byrd SA, Spector ME, Kumar B, Feng FY, Eisbruch A, Wolf GT, Prince M, Moyer J, Teknos TN, Chepeha DB, Walline HM, McHugh JB, Cordell KG, Urba S, Bradford CR, Carey T, Worden FP. Chemoselection with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation or surgery versus chemoradiation for patients (pts) with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (LASCCOP). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Banerjee R, Mani RS, Russo N, Scanlon CS, Tsodikov A, Jing X, Cao Q, Palanisamy N, Metwally T, Inglehart RC, Tomlins S, Bradford C, Carey T, Wolf G, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Chinnaiyan AM, Varambally S, D'Silva NJ. The tumor suppressor gene rap1GAP is silenced by miR-101-mediated EZH2 overexpression in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2011; 30:4339-49. [PMID: 21532618 PMCID: PMC3154567 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rap1GAP is a critical tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in multiple aggressive cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanistic basis of rap1GAP downregulation in cancers is poorly understood. By employing an integrative approach, we demonstrate polycomb-mediated repression of rap1GAP that involves Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase in head and neck cancers. We further demonstrate that the loss of miR-101 expression correlates with EZH2 upregulation, and the concomitant downregulation of rap1GAP in head and neck cancers. EZH2 represses rap1GAP by facilitating the trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27, a mark of gene repression, and also hypermethylation of rap1GAP promoter. These results provide a conceptual framework involving a microRNA-oncogene-tumor suppressor axis to understand head and neck cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banerjee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Worden FP, Wolf GT, Lee J, Bradford CR, Chepeha DB, Prince M, Eisbruch A, Moyer J, Urba S, Carey T. Outcomes related to biomarkers in organ preservation for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (SCCOC). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Worden FP, Hooton J, Lee J, Eisbruch A, Wolf GT, Prince M, Moyer J, Teknos T, Chepeha DB, Bradford CR, Carey T. Association of tobacco (T) use with risk of distant metastases (DM), tumor recurrence, and death in patients (pts) with HPV-positive (+) squamous cell cancer of the oropharynx (SCCOP). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6001 Background: Chemoradiation (CRT) for HPV (+) SCCOP is associated with a more favorable prognosis than HPV-negative (-) SCCOP. However, the interaction of HPV and T in terms of etiology and disease progression remains unclear. HPV (+) SCCOP pts were prospectively studied to determine if T use was a key variable in discriminating which pts would develop DM, locoregional recurrences (LR), or second primaries (SP). Methods: From 1999–2007, 124 pts with stage III/IV SCCOP were enrolled in one of two CRT trials. Tumor specimens were analyzed for HPV presence and type. Use of T, determined via self-reporting and chart review, was recorded as both continuous (number of pack-yrs) and categorical (never, former, and current) variables. Former T users were subdivided into an early cessation group (quit ≥ 20 yrs prior to diagnosis) and a late cessation group (quit < 20 yrs prior to diagnosis). T use and HPV status were analyzed with respect to survival & the development of DM, LR, or SP. Results: Of the 124 pts, 100 (81%) were HPV (+), 22 of which developed disease progression (22%). Twenty-four were HPV (-), 12 of which had disease progression (50%). Seventeen of 124 pts (14%) developed DM [12 HPV (+), 5 HPV (-)]. Nine of 124 (7%) developed LR [5 HPV (+), 4 HPV (-)], and 8 of 124 (7%) developed SP [5 HPV (+), 3 HPV (-)]. Thirty-two HPV (+) pts were never-T users, 88% (28/32) of which remain alive with no evidence of disease; 3 died from other causes and 1 died of lung metastases from SCCOP. Sixty-eight were HPV (+) and had T exposure. Of 46 former T users, 37/46 (80%) are living. Twenty were HPV (+) and in the early cessation group, 35% (7/20) of which had disease progression [3 LR, 3 DM, 1 SP]. Twenty-six HPV (+) pts were former T users in the late cessation group, 11% (3/26) of which had disease progression [2 DM, 1 SP]. Of 22 HPV (+) current T users, 68% (15/22) are alive and 36% (8/22) have developed disease progression. Seventeen of the 24 HPV (-) pts were current T users, 47% (8/17) of which developed disease progression. Conclusions: Never-T users with HPV-positive SCCOP have improved survival & reduced risk of disease progression compared to HPV (+) & HPV (-) former & current T users. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. P. Worden
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J. Hooton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J. Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - A. Eisbruch
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - G. T. Wolf
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - M. Prince
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J. Moyer
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - T. Teknos
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - D. B. Chepeha
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - C. R. Bradford
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - T. Carey
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Worden FP, Teknos T, Lee J, Urba SG, Bradford CR, Carey T, Chepeha D, Wolf GT, Prince M, Mukherji S, Merajver SD. A phase II trial of tetrathiomolybdate (TM) in metastatic head & neck cancer (MHNC) patients (pts) after treatment with platinum & 5-fluorouracil (P&5FU). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Urba S, Worden F, Carey T, Chepeha D, Prince M, Teknos T, Eisbruch A, Lee J, Wolf G, Tsien C. One cycle of induction chemotherapy (IC) to select for organ preservation for patients (PTS) with advanced squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity (SCCOC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Urba
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - F. Worden
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - T. Carey
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - D. Chepeha
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M. Prince
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - T. Teknos
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A. Eisbruch
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J. Lee
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - G. Wolf
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - C. Tsien
- Univ of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arobr, MI; Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Worden FP, Urba S, Bradford C, Carey T, Chepeha D, Prince M, Teknos T, Eisbruch A, Lee J, Tsien C, Wolf G. One cycle of induction chemotherapy (IC) in advanced oropharyngeal cancer (SCCOP) to select patients for organ preservation (OP). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Urba
- Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Lee
- Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - G. Wolf
- Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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DePass T, Brice J, Carey T, Olemedo E, Fort P, Kizer N. What really happens when patients leave the emergency department? Self-reported discharge instruction adherence among different racial groups seen in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Akervall J, Guo X, Qian M, Schoumans J, Yuhas J, Carey T, Leeser B, Bradford C, Tennvall J, Teh B. 106 Genetic and expression profiles of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck correlate with cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in cell lines and patients. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Liguori R, Vincent A, Clover L, Avoni P, Plazzi G, Cortelli P, Baruzzi A, Carey T, Gambetti P, Lugaresi E, Montagna P. Morvan's syndrome: peripheral and central nervous system and cardiac involvement with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels. Brain 2001; 124:2417-26. [PMID: 11701596 DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.12.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morvan's 'fibrillary chorea' or Morvan's syndrome is characterized by neuromyotonia (NMT), pain, hyperhydrosis, weight loss, severe insomnia and hallucinations. We describe a man aged 76 years with NMT, dysautonomia, cardiac arrhythmia, lack of slow-wave sleep and abnormal rapid eye movement sleep. He had raised serum antibodies to voltage-gated K(+) channels (VGKC), oligoclonal bands in his CSF, markedly increased serum norepinephrine, increased serum cortisol and reduced levels and absent circadian rhythms of prolactin and melatonin. The neurohormonal findings and many of the clinical features were very similar to those in fatal familial insomnia, a hereditary prion disease that is associated with thalamic degenerative changes. Strikingly, however, all symptoms in our MFC patient improved with plasma exchange. The patient died unexpectedly 11 months later. At autopsy, there was a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, but brain pathology showed only a microinfarct in the hippocampus and no thalamic changes. The NMT and some of the autonomic features are likely to be directly related to the VGKC antibodies acting in the periphery. The central symptoms might also be due to the direct effects of VGKC antibodies, or perhaps of other autoantibodies still to be defined, on the limbic system with secondary effects on neurohormone levels. Alternatively, changes in secretion of neurohormones in the periphery might contribute to the central disturbance. The relationship between VGKC antibodies, neurohormonal levels, autonomic, limbic and sleep disorders requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liguori
- Institute of Neurology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Variations in hospitalization rates for selected conditions are being used as indicators of the effectiveness of primary care in small areas. Are these rates actually sensitive to problems in local primary care systems? This study examines the relationship between ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) hospital admission rates and primary care resources and the economic conditions in primary care market areas in North Carolina in 1994. The data show a high degree of correlation between the rates and income but not primary care resources. The distribution of rates did agree with expert assessments of the location of places with poor access to health services. The data confirm that access to effective primary care reflected in lower rates of ACSC admissions is a function of more than the professional resources available in a market area. The solution to reducing disparities in health status may not lie within the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ricketts
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Airport Road CB# 7590, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the patterns of provider use associated with an acute episode of nonspecific low back pain and their impact on cost. METHODS The analysis is based on a prospective cohort study of patients with acute low back pain followed until they recovered completely or to 6 months. Patients were followed after an initial visit to one of four provider types: private primary care physician, chiropractor, orthopedic surgeon, or HMO primary care physician. Follow-up interviews were conducted at baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks; 1,580 (97%) of the participants completed the 6-month follow-up. MAIN RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of patients saw only the initial provider who began their care for low back pain. Logistic regression revealed that duration of pain prior to initial visit, sciatica, higher Roland disability score, days to functional recovery, interval to complete recovery, referral by initial provider, disk attribution, satisfaction, and the type of index provider were significantly (p < .05) associated with seeking care from multiple provider types. Age, race, gender, and education were not significant. The adjusted proportions of multiple provider type use were 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11%, 17%) for the private primary care provider stratum; 19% (95% CI 16%, 23%) for the chiropractic stratum; 30% (95% CI 23%, 37%) for the orthopedic stratum; and 9% (95% CI 5%, 14%) for the HMO primary care physician stratum. Cost of seeing only the index provider was $439 (95% CI $404, $475), and cost of seeing multiple provider types was $1,137 (95% CI $1,064, $1,211) based on the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Use of multiple provider types, is associated with several factors, one of which is the initial provider type. The cost of such use is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sundararajan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7590, USA
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Willison HJ, Lastovica AJ, Prendergast MM, Moran AP, Walsh C, Flitcroft I, Eustace P, McMahon C, Smith J, Smith OP, Lakshmandass G, Taylor MRH, Holland CV, Cox D, Good B, Kearns GM, Gaffney P, Shark K, Frauenshuh M, Ortmann W, Messner R, King R, Rich S, Behrens T, Mahmud N, Molloy A, McPartlin J, Scott JM, Weir DG, Walsh KM, Thorburn D, Mills P, Morris AJ, Good T, Cameron S, McCruden EAB, Bennett MW, O’Connell J, Brady C, Roche D, Collins JK, Shanahan F, O’Sullivant GC, Henry M, Koston S, McMahon K, MacNee W, FitzGerald MX, O’Connor CM, McGonagle D, Gibbon W, O’Connor P, Emery P, Murphy M, Watson R, Casey E, Naidu E, Murphy M, Watson R, Barnes L, McCann S, Murphy M, Watson R, Barnes L, Sweeney E, Barrett EJ, Graham H, Cunningham RT, Johnston CF, Curry WJ, Buchanan KD, Courtney CH, McAllister AS, McCance DR, Hadden DR, Bell PM, Leslie H, Sheridan B, Atkinson AB, Kilbane MT, Smith DF, Murray MJ, Shering SG, McDermott EWM, O’Higgins NJ, Smyth PPA, McEneny J, Trimble ER, Young IS, Sharpe P, Mercer C, McMaster D, Young IS, Evans AE, Young IS, Cundick J, Hasselwander O, McMaster D, McGeough J, Savage D, Maxwell AP, Evans AE, Kee F, Larkin CJ, Watson RGP, Johnston C, Ardill JES, Buchanan KD, McNamara DA, Walsh TN, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Madden C, Timon C, Gardiner N, Lawler M, O’Riordan J, Duggan C, McCann SR, Gowing H, Braakman E, Lawler M, Byrne C, Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A, McCann SR, Kinsella N, Cusack S, Lawler M, Baker H, White B, Smith OP, Lawler M, Gardiner N, Molloy K, Gowing H, Wogan A, McCann SR, McElwaine S, Lawler M, Hollywood D, McCann SR, Mcmahon C, Merry C, Ryan M, Smith O, Mulcahy FM, Murphy C, Briones J, Gardiner N, McCann SR, Lawler M, White B, Lawler M, Cusack S, Kinsella N, Smith OP, Lavin P, McCaffrey M, Gillen P, White B, Smith OP, Thompson L, Lalloz M, Layton M, Barnes L, Corish C, Kennedy NP, Flood P, Mulligan S, McNamara E, Kennedy NP, Flood P, Mathias PM, Ball E, Duiculescu D, Calistru P, O’Gorman N, Kennedy NP, Abuzakouk M, Feighery C, Brannigan M, Pender S, Keeling F, Varghese J, Lee M, Colreavy M, Gaffney R, Hone S, Herzig M, Walsh M, Dolan C, Wogan A, Lawler M, McCann SR, Hollywood D, Donovan D, Harmey J, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Haverty A, Wang JH, Harmey JH, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, McGreal G, Shering SG, Moriarty MJ, Shortt A, Kilbane MT, Smith DF, McDermott EWM, O’Higgins NJ, Smyth PPA, McNamara DA, Harmey J, Wang JH, Donovan D, Walsh TN, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Kay E, Pidgeon G, Harmey J, McNamara DA, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Dunne P, Lambkin H, Russell JM, O’Neill AJ, Dunne BM, O’Donovan M, Lawler M, Gaffney EF, Gillan JE, Cotter TG, Horan J, Jones D, Biswas SK, Mulkerrin EC, Brady H, O’Donnell J, Neary J, Healy E, Watson A, Keogh B, Ryan M, Cassidy C, Ward S, Stokes E, Keoghan F, Barrett A, O’Connell P, Ryall N, O’Connell PA, Jenkinson A, O’Brien T, O’Connell PG, Harrison R, Barrett T, Bailey DMD, Butler A, Barton DE, Byrne C, McElwaine S, McCann SR, Lawler M, Cusack S, Lawler M, White B, Smith OP, Daly G, Gill M, Heron S, Hawi Z, Fitzgerald M, Hawi Z, Mynett-Johnson L, Shiels D, Kendler K, McKeon P, Gill M, Straub R, Walsh D, Ryan F, Barton DE, McCabe D, Murphy R, Segurado R, Mulcahy T, Larson B, Comerford C, O’Connell R, O’Mahony E, Gill M, Donnelly J, Minahan F, O’Neill D, Farrell Z, O’Neill D, Jones D, Horan J, Glynn C, Biswas SK, Mulkerrin E, Brady H, Lennox SE, Murphy A, Rea IM, McNulty H, McMeel C, O’Neill D, McEvoy H, Freaney R, McKenna MJ, Crowe M, Keating D, Colreavy M, Hone S, Norman G, Widda S, Viani L, Galvin, Nolan CM, Hardiman O, Hardiman O, Brett F, Droogan O, Gallagher P, Harmey M, King M, Murphy J, Perryrnan R, Sukumaran S, Walsh J, Farrell MA, Hughes G, Cunningham C, Walsh JB, Coakley D, O’Neill D, Hurson M, Flood P, McMonagle P, Hardiman O, Ryan F, O’Sullivan S, Merry C, Dodd P, Redmond J, Mulcahy FM, Browne R, Keating S, O’Connor J, Cassidy BP, Smyth R, Sheppard NP, Cullivan R, Crown J, Walsh N, Denihan A, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Bridges PK, O’Doherty M, Farrington A, O’Doherty M, Farragher B, Fahy S, Kelly R, Carey T, Owens J, Gallagher O, Sloan D, McDonough C, Casey P, Horgan A, Elneihum A, O’Neill C, McMonagle T, Quinn J, Meagher D, Murphy P, Kinsella A, Mullaney J, Waddington JL, Rooney S, Rooney S, Bamford L, Sloan D, O’Connor JJ, Franklin R, O’Brien K, Fitzpatrick G, Laffey JG, Boylan JF, Laffey J, Coleman M, Boylan J, Laffey JG, McShane AJ, Boylan JF, Loughrey JPR, Gardiner J, McGinley J, Leonard I, Carey M, Neligan P, O’Rourke J, Cunningham A, Fennessy F, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D, Fennessy F, Wang JH, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D, Fennessy F, Wang JH, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Kellett J, Laffey J, Murphy D, Regan J, O’Keeffe D, Mahmud A, Hemeryck L, Feely J, Mahmud A, Hemeryck L, Hall M, Feely J, Menown IBA, Mathew TP, Nesbitt GS, Syme M, Young IS, Adgey AAJ, Menown IBA, Turtle F, Allen J, Anderson J, Adgey AAJ, O’Hanlon R, Codd MB, Walkin S, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Rasheed AM, Chen G, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, Rasheed AM, Kay E, Jina S, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, McDowell I, Rasheed AM, Wang JH, Wo Q, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Leahy A, Shuhaibar MN, McGovern E, Turtle F, Menown IBA, Manoharan G, Kirkpatrick R, Campbell NPS, Walkin S, Codd MB, O’Hanlon R, McCarthy C, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Wen Y, Killalea S, Hall M, Hemeryck L, Feely J, Fahy CJ, Griffith A, McGinley J, McCabe D, Fraser A, Casey E, Ryan T, Murphy R, Browne M, Fenton J, Hughes J, Timon CI, Fenton J, Curran A, Smyth D, Viani L, Walsh M, Hughes JP, Fenton J, Lee P, Kelly A, Timon CI, Hughes JP, Fenton J, Shine N, Blayney A, McShane DP, Timon CI, Hussey J, Howlett M, Langton A, McEvoy A, Slevin J, Fitzpatrick C, Turner MJ, Enright F, Goggin N, Costigan C, Duff D, Osizlok P, Wood F, Watson R, Fitzsimons RB, Flanagan N, Enright F, Barnes L, Watson R, Molloy E, Griffin E, Deasy PF, Sheridan M, White MJ, Moore R, Gray A, Hill J, Glasgow JFT, Middleton B, Slattery D, Donoghue V, McMahon A, Murphy J, Slattery D, McCarthy A, Oslislok P, Duff D, Colreavy M, Keogh I, Hone S, Walsh M, Henry M, Koston S, McMahon K, MacNee W, FitzGerald MX, O’Connor CM, Russell KJ, Henry M, Fitzgerald MX, O’Connor CM, Kavanagh PV, McNamara SM, Feely J, Barry M, O’Brien JE, McCormick P, Molony C, Doyle RM, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Codd MB, O’Connell PR, Dowey LC, McGlynn H, Thurnham DI, Elborn SJ, Flynn L, Carton J, Byrne B, O’Farrelly C, Kelehan P, O’Herlihy C, O’Hara AM, Moran AP, Orren A, Fernie BA, Merry C, Clarke S, Courtney G, de Gascun C, Mulcahy FM, Merry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Merry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Byrne M, Moylett E, Murphy H, Butler K, Nourse C, Thaker H, Barry C, Russell J, Sheehan G, Boyle B, Hone R, Conboy B, Butler C, Moris D, Cormican M, Flynn J, McCormack O, Corbally N, Murray A, Kirrane S, O’Keane C, Hone R, Lynch SM, Cryan B, Whyte D, Morris D, Butler C, Cormican M, Flynn J, Corbett-Feeney G, Murray A, Corbally N, Hone R, Mackle T, Colreavy M, Perkins J, Saidlear C, Young A, Eustace P, Wrigley M, Clifford J, Waddington JL, Tighe O, Croke DT, Drago J, Sibley DR, Feely J, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Hennessy M, Kelly M, Feely J, Hughes C, Hanlon M, Feely J, Sabra K, Keane T, Egan D, Ryan M, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Sharma SC, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Codd MB, Mahon NG, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Sayers GM, Johnson Z, McNamara SM, Kavanagh PV, Feely J. National scientific medical meeting 1997 abstracts. Ir J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02937234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vanwaes C, Surh D, Chen Z, Carey T. Inhibition of integrin mediated cell adhesion of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to extracellular matrix laminin by monoclonal antibodies. Int J Oncol 1997; 11:457-64. [PMID: 21528232 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.11.3.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that three members of the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules, designated alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, and alpha 6 beta 4, are expressed at increased levels within the tumors and cell lines of patients with SCC. These three integrins have been reported to serve as receptors for laminin isoforms, and we also previously observed that laminins are secreted by SCC cell lines isolated from patients. In this study, the expression and localization of the three integrins and laminin in situ was evaluated in ten tumor specimens from patients with SCC by immunohistochemistry using integrin subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies. The ability of the antibodies to inhibit laminin attachment of a human squamous cell carcinoma line was determined by in vitro cell adhesion assay. Laminin and the three integrins were co-localized along the invasive border of the tumor parenchyma in 10/10 patient tumor specimens. Attachment of the UM-SCC-38 cell line to laminin was strongly inhibited by specific mAbs to alpha 2 and alpha 6 integrin subunits alone, or completely using a combination of alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 subunit specific mAbs. The co-localization of the three abnormally expressed integrins and laminin in patient tumor specimens indicates the potential for interaction of these receptors and ligand in vivo. The results of the cell adhesion assays using a patient SCC cell line that expresses the same repertoire of integrins confirms that SCC attach to laminin isoforms primarily through the alpha 2, alpha 3 and alpha 6 subunit-containing integrins. These findings provide a basis for undertaking experimental studies to obtain small molecule receptor antagonists to determine the role of these integrins in tumor formation, growth, invasion and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vanwaes
- UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR CANC,LAB HEAD & NECK CANC BIOL,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109
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Xia L, Stoll SW, Liebert M, Ethier SP, Carey T, Esclamado R, Carroll W, Johnson TM, Elder JT. CaN19 expression in benign and malignant hyperplasias of the skin and oral mucosa: evidence for a role in regenerative differentiation. Cancer Res 1997; 57:3055-62. [PMID: 9230222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CaN19, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, is known to be "underexpressed" in cultured breast carcinoma-derived cell lines relative to their normal counterparts. By Northern blotting, we confirm these results and find that CaN19 is also markedly "underexpressed" in several carcinoma-derived cell lines of the skin, oral mucosa, and urogenital tract. However, exceptions to the inverse correlation between CaN19 expression and malignancy have been identified, bringing into question the hypothesis that CaN19 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Unexpectedly, CaN19 mRNA was strongly expressed in bulk specimens of basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and oral cavity. However, in situ hybridization revealed only limited CaN19 expression in tumor cells themselves; the bulk of expression is localized to hyperplastic perilesional epidermis. Tumor cell expression of CaN19 was similar in primary and locally metastatic tumors, indicating that this gene is not necessarily down-regulated during tumor progression. Coordinate overexpression of CaN19 and the "hyperproliferalive" keratin K6a was observed only in tissues undergoing squamous differentiation. Taken together with other recent results from our laboratory, these findings suggest the hypothesis that CaN19 participates in an epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pathway of regenerative squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Abstract
In 1994 a 20-year retrospective study was conducted of 297 psychiatric patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation program in rural Ireland over a 15-year period (1974 to 1989). All patients were traced. Seventy-six percent had been discharged into the community, and two-thirds required supported housing. Fifty-five percent had experienced acute psychiatric readmissions, and 17 percent became new long-stay patients. The main criticisms of deinstitutionalization did not apply to these patients. No patient became homeless. One patient became involved in possible criminal activity. Four patients committed suicide, and the annual death rate was low-1.8 per 100 patients. The model of care involved was a key factor in the satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Farragher
- Department of psychiatry, Davnet's Hospital in Monaghan, Ireland
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Margolis PA, Lannon CM, Stevens R, Harlan C, Bordley WC, Carey T, Leininger L, Keyes LL, Earp JL. Linking clinical and public health approaches to improve access to health care for socially disadvantaged mothers and children. A feasibility study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996; 150:815-21. [PMID: 8704887 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170330041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of combining home- and office-based interventions to improve access to health care and health outcomes of Medicaid-eligible mothers and infants. DESIGN Randomized trial in 2 counties in North Carolina (1 rural, 1 urban). Information on health and developmental outcomes was obtained by face-to-face interviews, medical chart abstractions, hospital medical records, and state data tapes. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-three Medicaid-eligible first-time pregnant women in their third trimester and their subsequently born infants, who were followed up until they were 6 months old, and 3 pediatric practices and 1 family practice. INTERVENTIONS Coordinated home visit and office intervention, office intervention, and usual care. Home visits by 3 public health nurses provided parental education and social support and linked families with needed community resources. Women in the office intervention group were encouraged to seek health care for their infants from one of the primary care practices. Participating offices received assistance with Medicaid billing, help developing a system to improve preventive care, and customized patient education materials. RESULTS Mothers reported that the nurses helped them in areas related to the content of the program. An office system for prevention was developed and implemented in all 4 practices for study patients. Families in the intervention groups were more likely than control families to have had a prenatal visit with a pediatrician (P = .01, chi 2), a primary care office as the regular source of sick care (P = .02, chi 2), and less waiting time (P = .02, Student t test). They were also more likely to recall receiving patient education materials (P = .007, chi 2). CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to link clinical and public health approaches to improve the quality and effectiveness of care for socially disadvantaged children. Such interventions should be tested in defined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Laurikainen L, Carey T, Peltonen J. The expression of alpha 6 and beta 4 integrin genes are differentially regulated by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in cultured human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288:270-3. [PMID: 8738575 DOI: 10.1007/bf02530100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Laurikainen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Forty-four consecutive cases of subacute osteomyelitis admitted at our institution over a 12-year period were retrospectively reviewed to assess the effectiveness of conservative versus surgical treatment of this condition and to determine the indications for open biopsy and surgical debridement. Twenty-four cases were treated with antibiotics only, and 20 had surgical debridement followed by antibiotics. Except for one case that received inadequate antibiotic therapy, all patients responded well to this treatment, whether conservative or surgical. At an average follow-up of 18 months, there were no recurrences. Our results also showed that with a careful radiologic assessment of these cases, most lesions showed characteristic benign radiologic features. We can therefore conclude that conservative management of cases of subacute osteomyelitis is as effective as surgical treatment. We believe that conservative treatment with antibiotics should be the first line of management in most of these cases and that open biopsy or surgical debridement or both should be reserved for cases that do not respond to antibiotics or show aggressive radiologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Hamdy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
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Hietanen SH, Kurvinen K, Syrjänen K, Grénman S, Carey T, McClatchey K, Syrjänen S. Mutation of tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently found in vulvar carcinoma cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173:1477-82. [PMID: 7503188 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and type of mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in squamous carcinoma cell lines of the vulva. STUDY DESIGN Eight low-passage cell lines established from vulvar carcinoma were included in the analysis. Mutational analysis was restricted to exons 5 through 9 of the p53 gene, previously shown to have a high incidence of mutations. The sequences containing exons 5/6,7, and 8/9 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and screened with a single-strand conformation polymorphism technique on PhastSystem (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). Exons from samples showing mobility shifts in single-strand conformation polymorphism were sequenced by polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing. RESULTS Five vulvar carcinoma cell lines showed abnormal electrophoretic mobility of exons 5/6, one of exons 8/9, and one of exon 7. Reduction to homozygosity was detected in four vulvar carcinoma cell lines. Missense mutations were detected by sequence analysis in UM-SCV-2 (codon 171: GAG[Glu]-->TAG[STOP]), UM-SCV-3 (hot spot codon 273: CGT[Arg]-->TGT[Cys]), UM-SCV-4 (codon 151: CCC[Pro]-->CAC[His]), UM-SCV-5 (codon 155: ACC[Thr]-->ATC[lle]), and UM-SCV-7 (codon 245: GGC[Gly]-->AGC[Ser]). UM-SCV-3 also carried a missense mutation with no amino acid change (codon 314: TCC[Ser]-->TCT[Ser]). UM-SCV-7 carried an additional base deletion at codon 249 (AGG-->AG-), likely resulting in a frameshift in transcription and a truncated protein product. Four of the seven mutations were transitions, two were transversions, and one was a deletion. The presence of transitions suggests that at least a proportion of p53 mutations of these cancers may arise spontaneously without exogenous carcinogen exposure. UM-SCV-1A and UM-SCV-1B were derived from the primary tumor and pleural effusion of the same patient. UM-SCV-6 is a cell line that contains human papillomavirus 16. No mutations in these three cell lines were found by single-strand conformation polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of previous observations, loss of tumor suppressor p53 function either by mutation or human papillomavirus involvement is a frequent phenomenon in cervical carcinoma cells. It appears now that functional inactivation of p53 is associated also with vulvar carcinoma cell lines, but mutations of the p53 gene are much more common in vulvar than in cervical carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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Abstract
A number of reports associate human papillomavirus (HPV) with cervical cancer and cancer cell lines derived from this tumour type. Considerably fewer reports have focused on the role of HPV in carcinomas from other sites of female anogenital squamous epithelia. In this study we have tested for the presence of HPV in eight low-passage vulvar carcinoma cell lines and one extensively passaged cell line, A431. One cell line from a primary vaginal carcinoma was included. The presence of the HPV was evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by Southern blot analysis and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. General primer-mediated PCR was applied by using primers from the L1 region, E1 region and HPV 16 E7 region. Southern blot hybridisation was performed under low-stringency conditions (Tm = -35 degrees C) using a whole genomic HPV 6/16/18 probe mixture and under high stringency conditions (Tm = -18 degrees C) with the whole genomic probes of HPV 16 and 33. HPV 16 E6-E7 mRNA was assessed by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). HPV was found in only one vulvar carcinoma cell line, UM-SCV-6. The identified type, HPV 16, was integrated in the cell genome and could be amplified with all primers used. Also E6-E7 transcripts were found in these cells. Five original tumour biopsies were available from the HPV-negative cell lines for in situ hybridisation. All these were HPV negative with both the HPV 6/16/18 screening probe mixture under low stringency and the HPV 16 probe under high stringency. The results indicate that vulvar carcinoma cell lines contain HPV less frequently than cervical carcinoma cell lines and suggest that a significant proportion of vulvar carcinomas may evolve by an HPV-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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Margolis PA, Carey T, Lannon CM, Earp JL, Leininger L. The rest of the access-to-care puzzle. Addressing structural and personal barriers to health care for socially disadvantaged children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:541-5. [PMID: 7735408 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170180071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A mother brings her 2-year-old child to the office at 4:30 Friday afternoon. The child has been seen only once in the practice for an episode of otitis media. The child missed her follow-up appointment. When the receptionist asks why the child is here, the mother responds that she was able to get a ride today with a neighbor who has an appointment with another physician in the practice. The child is not covered by health insurance. The mother did not bring her immunization record and is not certain what preventive care the child has received in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Smyth F, Owens J, Carey T. Communication between GPs and psychiatrists. Ir Med J 1994; 87:88-89. [PMID: 8056549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of GP referral letters to Specialist Psychiatric Clinics. Ninety one referral letters from 24 GPs were analysed. A schedule based on key items of information previously identified as being of importance to Psychiatrists was used in the analysis. The study revealed that these key items were frequently omitted. In addition, information on social history and medical history was inadequately supplied. Poor letter format and quality of notepaper were also identified. Liaison between GPs and Psychiatrists and Vocational Training Programmes would be helpful in addressing these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Smyth
- Dept of Psychiatry, St Davnet's Hospital, Monaghan
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