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Hu S, Thiesbrummel J, Pascual J, Stolterfoht M, Wakamiya A, Snaith HJ. Narrow Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites for All-Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4079-4123. [PMID: 38527274 PMCID: PMC11009966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells are attracting considerable interest in photovoltaics research, owing to their potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction cells, in a cost-effective sustainable manner. Thanks to the bandgap-bowing effect, mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites possess a close to ideal narrow bandgap for constructing tandem cells, matched with wide-bandgap neat lead-based counterparts. The performance of all-perovskite tandems, however, has yet to reach its efficiency potential. One of the main obstacles that need to be overcome is the─oftentimes─low quality of the mixed Sn-Pb perovskite films, largely caused by the facile oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV), as well as the difficult-to-control film crystallization dynamics. Additional detrimental imperfections are introduced in the perovskite thin film, particularly at its vulnerable surfaces, including the top and bottom interfaces as well as the grain boundaries. Due to these issues, the resultant device performance is distinctly far lower than their theoretically achievable maximum efficiency. Robust modifications and improvements to the surfaces of mixed Sn-Pb perovskite films are therefore critical for the advancement of the field. This Review describes the origins of imperfections in thin films and covers efforts made so far toward reaching a better understanding of mixed Sn-Pb perovskites, in particular with respect to surface modifications that improved the efficiency and stability of the narrow bandgap solar cells. In addition, we also outline the important issues of integrating the narrow bandgap subcells for achieving reliable and efficient all-perovskite double- and multi-junction tandems. Future work should focus on the characterization and visualization of the specific surface defects, as well as tracking their evolution under different external stimuli, guiding in turn the processing for efficient and stable single-junction and tandem solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Hu
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam,14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Polymat, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam,14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Electronic
Engineering Department, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
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Azmi R, Zhumagali S, Bristow H, Zhang S, Yazmaciyan A, Pininti AR, Utomo DS, Subbiah AS, De Wolf S. Moisture-Resilient Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211317. [PMID: 37075307 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid rise in device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), overcoming instabilities under outdoor operating conditions has become the most crucial obstacle toward their commercialization. Among stressors such as light, heat, voltage bias, and moisture, the latter is arguably the most critical, as it can decompose metal-halide perovskite (MHP) photoactive absorbers instantly through its hygroscopic components (organic cations and metal halides). In addition, most charge transport layers (CTLs) commonly employed in PSCs also degrade in the presence of water. Furthermore, photovoltaic module fabrication encompasses several steps, such as laser processing, subcell interconnection, and encapsulation, during which the device layers are exposed to the ambient atmosphere. Therefore, as a first step toward long-term stable perovskite photovoltaics, it is vital to engineer device materials toward maximizing moisture resilience, which can be accomplished by passivating the bulk of the MHP film, introducing passivation interlayers at the top contact, exploiting hydrophobic CTLs, and encapsulating finished devices with hydrophobic barrier layers, without jeopardizing device performance. Here, existing strategies for enhancing the performance stability of PSCs are reviewed and pathways toward moisture-resilient commercial perovskite devices are formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Azmi
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shynggys Zhumagali
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bristow
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aren Yazmaciyan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Reddy Pininti
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Drajad Satrio Utomo
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ding X, Yan M, Chen C, Zhai M, Wang H, Tian Y, Wang L, Sun L, Cheng M. Efficient and Stable Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells Using Post-Treatment Additive with Synergistic Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317676. [PMID: 38179838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Inhibiting the oxidation of Sn2+ during the crystallization process of Sn-Pb mixed perovskite film is found to be as important as the oxidation resistance of precursor solution to achieve high efficiency, but less investigated. Considering the excellent reduction feature of hydroquinone and the hydrophobicity of tert-butyl group, an antioxidant 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DBHQ) was introduced into Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films using an anti-solvent approach to solve this problem. Interestingly, we find that DBHQ can act as function alterable additive during its utilization. On the one hand, DBHQ can restrict the oxidation of Sn2+ during the crystallization process, facilitating the fabrication of high-quality perovskite film; on the other hand, the generated oxidation product 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) can functionalize as defect passivator to inhibit the charge recombination. As a result, this synergetic effect renders the Sn-Pb mixed PSC a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 23.0 %, which is significantly higher than the reference device (19.6 %). Furthermore, the unencapsulated DBQH-modified PSCs exhibited excellent long-term stability and thermal stability, with the devices maintaining 84.2 % and 78.9 % of the initial PCEs after aging at 25 °C and 60 °C for 800 h and 120 h under N2 atmosphere, respectively. Therefore, the functional alterable strategy provides a novel cornerstone for high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Ding
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengde Zhai
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haoxin Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
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Meng X, Shen B, Sun Q, Deng J, Hu D, Kang B, Silva SRP, Wang X, Wang L. Multifunctional Molecule Assists Passivate Method to Simultaneously Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202092. [PMID: 36629755 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been greatly improved recently. However, in organic-inorganic polycrystalline perovskite films many defects inevitably exist, which limits the PCE and stability of PSCs. Herein, a small organic molecule 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (SN) is spin coated on a perovskite film to enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the multifunctional molecule SN reacts with under-coordinated Pb2+ ions and I- vacancies because of the presence of the sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, and the -COOH groups, which are conducive to suppressing charge recombination and passivating defects. Even more, the introduction of the SN layer can effectively adjust the energy level alignment, which is conducive to the separation and extraction of charge carriers in PSCs. Therefore, devices with SN modification show a champion PCE of 22.55 %. Besides, PSCs with SN show impressive stability, retaining 96 % of its initial PCE after storage in ambient air for 500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bonan Kang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Ayaydah W, Raddad E, Hawash Z. Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells towards High Stability and Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:806. [PMID: 37421039 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed rapid development in the field of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) due to their environmental friendliness and tremendous potential in the photovoltaic field. Most of the high-performance PSCs are based on lead as the light-absorber material. However, the toxicity of lead and the commercialization raise concerns about potential health and environmental hazards. TPSCs can maintain all the optoelectronic properties of lead PSCs, as well as feature a favorable smaller bandgap. However, TPSCs tend to undergo rapid oxidation, crystallization, and charge recombination, which make it difficult to unlock the full potential of such perovskites. Here, we shed light on the most critical features and mechanisms affecting the growth, oxidation, crystallization, morphology, energy levels, stability, and performance of TPSCs. We also investigate the recent strategies, such as interfaces and bulk additives, built-in electric field, and alternative charge transport materials that are used to enhance the performance of the TPSCs. More importantly, we have summarized most of the recent best-performing lead-free and lead-mixed TPSCs. This review aims to help future research in TPSCs to produce highly stable and efficient solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa' Ayaydah
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
| | - Eman Raddad
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
| | - Zafer Hawash
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
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Wu P, Thrithamarassery Gangadharan D, Saidaminov MI, Tan H. A Roadmap for Efficient and Stable All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells from a Chemistry Perspective. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:14-26. [PMID: 36712494 PMCID: PMC9881206 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction tandem solar cells offer a promising route to surpass the efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. All-perovskite tandem solar cells are particularly attractive due to their high power conversion efficiency, now reaching 28% despite being made with relatively easy fabrication methods. In this review, we summarize the progress in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. We then discuss the scientific and engineering challenges associated with both absorbers and functional layers and offer strategies for improving the efficiency and stability of all-perovskite tandem solar cells from the perspective of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wu
- National
Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, P. R.
China
| | | | - Makhsud I. Saidaminov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British ColumbiaV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hairen Tan
- National
Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, P. R.
China
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