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Ren Q, Sheng Y, Tao C, Niu S, Yu N, Chen Z, Lian W. Zinc peroxide-based nanotheranostic platform with endogenous hydrogen peroxide/oxygen generation for enhanced photodynamic-chemo therapy of tumors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:88-97. [PMID: 38669999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanotheranostic platforms, which can respond to tumor microenvironments (TME, such as low pH and hypoxia), are immensely appealing for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, hypoxia in solid tumors harms the treatment outcome of PDT which depends on oxygen molecules to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2). Herein, we report the design of TME-responsive smart nanotheranostic platform (DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG) which can generate endogenously hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) to alleviate hypoxia for improving photodynamic-chemo combination therapy of tumors. DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG nanocomposite was prepared by the synthesis of ZnO2 nanoparticles, in-situ assembly of Zr-Ce6 as typical metal-organic framework (MOF) on ZnO2 surface, in-situ reduction of Pt nanozymes, amphiphilic lipids surface coating and then doxorubicin (DOX) loading. DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG nanocomposite exhibits average sizes of ∼78 nm and possesses a good loading capacity (48.8 %) for DOX. When DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG dispersions are intratumorally injected into mice, the weak acidic TEM induces the decomposition of ZnO2 core to generate endogenously H2O2, then Pt nanozymes catalyze H2O2 to produce O2 for alleviating tumor hypoxia. Upon laser (630 nm) irradiation, the Zr-Ce6 component in DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG can produce cytotoxic 1O2, and 1O2 generation rate can be enhanced by 2.94 times due to the cascaded generation of endogenous H2O2/O2. Furthermore, the generated O2 can suppress the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor α, and further enable tumor cells to become more sensitive to chemotherapy, thereby leading to an increased effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment. The photodynamic-chemo combination therapy from DOX/ZnO2@Zr-Ce6/Pt/PEG nanoplatform exhibits remarkable tumor growth inhibition compared to chemotherapy or PDT. Thus, the present study is a good demonstration of a TME-responsive nanoplatform in a multimodal approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangyi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shining Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Nuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Wang L, Zhang L, Chen F, Li Q, Zhu B, Tang Y, Yang Z, Cheng C, Qiu L, Ma L. Polymerized Network-Based Artificial Peroxisome Reprogramming Macrophages for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25856-25868. [PMID: 38726921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Artificial peroxisomes (AP) with enzyme-mimetic catalytic activity and recruitment ability have drawn a great deal of attention in fabricating protocell systems for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulating the inflammatory microenvironment, and reprogramming macrophages, which is of great potential in treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, a macrophage membrane-cloaked Cu-coordinated polyphthalocyanine-based AP (CuAP) is prepared with a macrocyclic conjugated polymerized network and embedded Cu-single atomic active center, which mimics the catalytic activity and coordination environment of natural superoxide dismutase and catalase, possesses the inflammatory recruitment ability of macrophages, and performs photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided treatment. The results of both in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that the CuAP under ultrasound and microbubbles could efficiently scavenge excess ROS in cells and tissues, modulate microenvironmental inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and arginase-1, and reprogram macrophages by polarization of M1 (proinflammatory phenotype) to M2 (anti-inflammatory phenotype). We believe this study offers a proof of concept for engineering multifaceted AP and a promising approach for a PAI-guided treatment platform for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bihui Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanjiao Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Fu Q, Wei C, Wang M. Transition-Metal-Based Nanozymes: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Therapeutic Action, and Applications in Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12049-12095. [PMID: 38693611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, drives the advancement of cutting-edge technologies for cancer treatment. Transition-metal-based nanozymes emerge as promising therapeutic nanodrugs that provide a reference for cancer therapy. In this review, we present recent breakthrough nanozymes for cancer treatment. First, we comprehensively outline the preparation strategies involved in creating transition-metal-based nanozymes, including hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, chemical reduction method, biomimetic mineralization method, and sol-gel method. Subsequently, we elucidate the catalytic mechanisms (catalase (CAT)-like activities), peroxidase (POD)-like activities), oxidase (OXD)-like activities) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities) of transition-metal-based nanozymes along with their activity regulation strategies such as morphology control, size manipulation, modulation, composition adjustment and surface modification under environmental stimulation. Furthermore, we elaborate on the diverse applications of transition-metal-based nanozymes in anticancer therapies encompassing radiotherapy (RT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), immunotherapy, and synergistic therapy. Finally, the challenges faced by transition-metal-based nanozymes are discussed alongside future research directions. The purpose of this review is to offer scientific guidance that will enhance the clinical applications of nanozymes based on transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
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Huang H, Geng W, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xie L, Ma T, Cheng C. Spiky Artificial Peroxidases with V-O-Fe Pair Sites for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310811. [PMID: 37953675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
With the sharp rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide, it is of enormous importance to create new strategies for combating pathogenic bacteria. Here, we create an iron oxide-based spiky artificial peroxidase (POD) with V-O-Fe pair sites (V-Fe2 O3 ) for combating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The experimental studies and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the V-Fe2 O3 can achieve the localized "capture and killing" bifunction from the spiky morphology and massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The V-Fe2 O3 can reach nearly 100 % bacterial inhibition over a long period by efficiently oxidizing the lipid membrane. Our wound disinfection results identify that the V-Fe2 O3 can not only efficiently eliminate MRSA and their biofilm but also accelerate wound recovery without causing noticeable inflammation and toxicity. This work offers essential insights into the critical roles of V-O-Fe pair sites and localized "capture and killing" in biocatalytic disinfection and provides a promising pathway for the de novo design of efficient artificial peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoju Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xizheng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lan Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Koo S, Kim YG, Lee N, Hyeon T, Kim D. Inorganic nanoparticle agents for enhanced chemodynamic therapy of tumours. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13498-13514. [PMID: 37578148 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02000b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
With the recent interest in the role of oxidative species/radicals in diseases, inorganic nanomaterials with redox activities have been extensively investigated for their potential use in nanomedicine. While many studies focusing on relieving oxidative stress to prevent pathogenesis and to suppress the progression of diseases have shown considerable success, another approach for increasing oxidative stress using nanomaterials to kill malignant cells has suffered from low efficiency despite its wide applicability to various targets. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging technique that can resolve such a problem by exploiting the characteristic tumour microenvironment to achieve high selectivity. In this review, we summarize the recent strategies and underlying mechanisms that have been used to improve the CDT performance using inorganic nanoparticles. In addition to the design of CDT agents, the effects of contributing factors, such as the acidity and the levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants in the tumour microenvironment, together with their modulation and application in combination therapy, are presented. The challenges lying ahead of future clinical translation of this rapidly advancing technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagang Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Geon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Cai L, Du J, Han F, Shi T, Zhang H, Lu Y, Long S, Sun W, Fan J, Peng X. Piezoelectric Metal-Organic Frameworks Based Sonosensitizer for Enhanced Nanozyme Catalytic and Sonodynamic Therapies. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7901-7910. [PMID: 37052950 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of electrostatic electric fields through electrical stimulation is an efficient method to increase the catalytic activity of nanozymes and improve the therapeutic effect of nanozyme catalytic therapy. Piezoelectric materials, which are capable of generating a built-in electric field under ultrasound (US), not only improve the activity of nanozymes but also enable piezoelectric sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In this study, a sonosensitizer based on a Hf-based metal-organic framework (UIO-66) and Au nanoparticles (NPs) was produced. Under US irradiation, UIO-66 can generate a built-in electric field inside the materials, which promotes electron-hole separation and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The introduction of Au NPs facilitated the electron transfer, which inhibited the recombination of the electron-hole pairs and improved the piezoelectric properties of UIO-66. The value of the piezoelectric constant (d33) increased from 71 to 122 pmV-1 after the deposition of Au NPs. In addition, the intrinsic catalase and peroxidase activities of the Au NPs were increased 2-fold after the stimulation from the built-in electric field induced through US exposure. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that the proposed sonosensitizer can kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in mice through the enhanced piezoelectric SDT and nanozyme catalytic therapy. The piezoelectric sensitizer proposed in this work proved to be an efficient candidate that can be used for multiple therapeutic modalities in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315016, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315016, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315016, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
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Yang D, Tang Y, Zhu B, Pang H, Rong X, Gao Y, Du F, Cheng C, Qiu L, Ma L. Engineering Cell Membrane-Cloaked Catalysts as Multifaceted Artificial Peroxisomes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206181. [PMID: 37096840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial peroxisomes (APEXs) or peroxisome mimics have caught a lot of attention in nanomedicine and biomaterial science in the last decade, which have great potential in clinically diagnosing and treating diseases. APEXs are typically constructed from a semipermeable membrane that encloses natural enzymes or enzyme-mimetic catalysts to perform peroxisome-/enzyme-mimetic activities. The recent rapid progress regarding their biocatalytic stability, adjustable activity, and surface functionality has significantly promoted APEXs systems in real-life applications. In addition, developing a facile and versatile system that can simulate multiple biocatalytic tasks is advantageous. Here, the recent advances in engineering cell membrane-cloaked catalysts as multifaceted APEXs for diverse biomedical applications are highlighted and commented. First, various catalysts with single or multiple enzyme activities have been introduced as cores of APEXs. Subsequently, the extraction and function of cell membranes that are used as the shell are summarized. After that, the applications of these APEXs are discussed in detail, such as cancer therapy, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and neuron protection. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of APEXs are proposed and outlined. This progress review is anticipated to provide new and unique insights into cell membrane-cloaked catalysts and to offer significant new inspiration for designing future artificial organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanjiao Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bihui Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Houqing Pang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fangxue Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials to the Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102090. [PMID: 36297527 PMCID: PMC9610396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma can be divided into cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, mucosal melanoma, etc. It is a very aggressive tumor that is prone to metastasis. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor prognosis and shorter survival. Although current melanoma treatments have been dramatically improved, there are still many problems such as systemic toxicity and the off-target effects of drugs. The use of nanoparticles may overcome some inadequacies of current melanoma treatments. In this review, we summarize the limitations of current therapies for cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, and mucosal melanoma, as well as the adjunct role of nanoparticles in different treatment modalities. We suggest that nanomaterials may have an effective intervention in melanoma treatment in the future.
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Pan D, Lin Y, Liu X, Xin Y, Tian Q, Zhang J. Ultrasensitive and preprocessing-free electrochemical biosensing platform for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes based on spiky-shaped aptamer-magnetic beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114705. [PMID: 36150326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived exosomes, as liquid biopsy markers, have been shown to play an important role in the early screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of cancer. However, existing detection methods have shortcomings such as long-time consumption and low sensitivity. Herein, a sandwich-type electrochemical sensing platform based on Prussian blue/graphene oxide (GO/PB) and spiky Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles was successfully designed and constructed to detect tumor-derived exosomes with high sensitivity and no preprocessing. In this strategy, nanospike structures were introduced on magnetic beads to form spiky Au@Fe3O4, which was used to enrich exosomes from serum, avoiding the extraction and purification processes of previous detections. The enrichment and signal amplification of spiky Au@Fe3O4 could also greatly improve the detection sensitivity of the sensing platform. Consequently, the concentration of exosomes could be directly quantified by monitoring the electroactive molecules of PB. Therefore, the limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed biosensor was 80 particles·μL-1. Furthermore, this proposed biosensor could realize the high sensitivity analysis of exosomes and effectively save detection time, and provide an effective assistant diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Eight People Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266121, China
| | - Yanming Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
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