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Zhang S, Gan Y, Wang H, Qi X, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Enhancing Chymotrypsin Activity and Stability of Capillary Immobilized Enzyme Microreactors Using Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks as Encapsulation Materials. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9228-9235. [PMID: 38779801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Open-tubular immobilized enzyme microreactors (OT-IMERs) are some of the most widely used enzyme reaction devices due to the advantages of simple preparation and fast sample processing. However, the traditional approaches for OT-IMERs preparation had some defects such as limited enzyme loading amount, susceptibility to complex sample interference, and less stability. Here, we report a strategy for the preparation of highly active and stable OT-IMERs, in which the single-stranded DNA-enzyme composites were immobilized in capillaries and then encapsulated in situ in the capillaries via zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-L). The phosphate groups of the DNA adjusted the surface potential of the enzyme to negative values, which could attract cations, such as Zn2+, to promote the formation of ZIF-L for enzyme encapsulation. Using chymotrypsin (ChT) as a model enzyme, the prepared ChT@ZIF-L-IMER has higher activity and better affinity than the free enzyme and ChT-IMER. Moreover, the thermal stability, pH stability, and organic solvent stability of ChT@ZIF-L-IMER were much higher than those of free enzyme and ChT-IMER. Furthermore, the activity of ChT@ZIF-L-IMER was much higher than that of ChT-IMER after ten consecutive reactions. To demonstrate the versatility of this preparation method, we replaced ChT with glucose oxidase (GOx). The stability of GOx@ZIF-L-IMER was also experimentally demonstrated to be superior to that of GOx and GOx-IMER. Finally, ChT@ZIF-L-IMER was used for proteolytic digestion analysis. The results showed that ChT@ZIF-L-IMER had a short digestion time and high digestive efficiency compared with the free enzyme. The present study broadened the synthesis method of OT-IMERs, effectively integrating the advantages of metal-organic frameworks and IMER, and the prepared OT-IMERs significantly improved enzyme stability. All of the results indicated that the IMER prepared by this method had a broad application prospect in capillary electrophoresis-based high-performance enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yijia Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Song H, Zhang W, Zhang S, Liu Y, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Trypsin Encapsulation in the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Low-Molecular Weight Protein Analysis with High Selectivity and Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24398-24409. [PMID: 38712727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight proteins (LWPs) are important sources of biological information in biomarkers, signaling molecules, and pathology. However, the separation and analysis of LWPs in complex biological samples are challenging, mainly due to their low abundance and the complex sample pretreatment procedure. Herein, trypsin modified by poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was encapsulated by a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-L). Mesopores were formed on the ZIF-L with the introduction of PAA. An alternative strategy for separation and pretreatment of LWPs was developed based on the prepared ZIF-L-encapsulated trypsin with adjustable pore size. The mesoporous structure of the prepared materials selectively excluded high-molecular weight proteins from the reaction system, allowing LWPs to enter the pores and react with the internal trypsin, resulting in an improved separation efficiency. The hydrophobicity of the ZIF-L simplified the digestion process by inducing significant structural changes in substrate proteins. In addition, the enzymatic activity was significantly enhanced by the developed encapsulation method that maintained the enzyme conformation, allowed low mass transfer resistance, and possessed a high enzyme-to-substrate ratio. As a result, the ZIF-L-encapsulated trypsin can achieve highly selective separation, valid denaturation, and efficient digestion of LWPs in a short time by simply mixing with substrate proteins, greatly simplifying the separation and pretreatment process of the traditional hydrolysis method. The prepared materials and the developed strategy demonstrated an excellent size-selective assay performance in model protein mixtures, showing great potential in the application of proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenkang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Jiang J, Fang Z, Kan X. ZIF-8 encapsulated-enzymes integrated nanozyme cascade biocatalysis platform for the colorimetric sensing of glucose and lactose in milk. Food Chem 2024; 438:138025. [PMID: 37983992 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cascade biocatalytic reactions have a wide range of applications, especially in the filed of food analysis. Herein, a multi-enzyme composite (ZGGPC) was prepared by in-situ synthesis of Zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) on Prussian blue (PB) modified carbon cloth (CC). The composite encapsulated both glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase simultaneously during the synthesis process. CC and ZIF-8 showed high loading capacity for PB and natural enzymes, respectively. And ZIF-8 also displayed excellent tolerance in protecting enzyme activity under extreme conditions. Based on the cascade biocatalysis, ZGGPC was used to detect glucose and lactose by colorimetric method with detection limits of 1.2 μM and 1.7 mM, respectively. Benefiting from the merits of low cost, easy preparation, and good stability, the sensing system was used to successfully determine glucose and lactose in different milk samples. The present cascade biocatalysis system is hopeful to develop simple and efficient sensing platforms for food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Ziyue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Xianwen Kan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
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He L, Wang L, He Z, Pang CH, Tang B, Wu A, Li J. Strategies for utilizing covalent organic frameworks as host materials for the integration and delivery of bioactives. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1126-1151. [PMID: 38112198 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new and developing class of porous framework materials, are considered a type of promising carrier for the integration and delivery of bioactives, which have diverse fascinating merits, such as a large specific surface area, designable and specific porosity, stable and orderly framework structure, and various active sites. However, owing to the significant differences among bioactives (including drugs, proteins, nucleic acid, and exosomes), such as size, structure, and physicochemical properties, the interaction between COFs and bioactives also varies. In this review, we firstly summarize three strategies for the construction of single or hybrid COF-based matrices for the delivery of cargos, including encapsulation, covalent binding, and coordination bonding. Besides, their smart response release behaviors are also categorized. Subsequently, the applications of cargo@COF biocomposites in biomedicine are comprehensively summarized, including tumor therapy, central nervous system (CNS) modulation, biomarker analysis, bioimaging, and anti-bacterial therapy. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Zhen He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
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Zhu Q, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Enzyme immobilization on covalent organic framework supports. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3080-3125. [PMID: 37674094 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are natural catalysts with high catalytic activity, substrate specificity and selectivity. Their widespread utilization in industrial applications is limited by their sensitivity to harsh reaction conditions and difficulties relating to their removal and re-use after the reaction is complete. These limitations can be addressed by immobilizing the enzymes in solid porous supports. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal candidate carriers because of their good biocompatibility, long-term water stability and large surface area. In post-synthetic immobilization, the enzyme is added to an existing COF; this has had limited success because of enzyme leaching and pore blockage by enzymes that are too large. Direct-immobilization methods-building the COF around the enzyme-allow tailored incorporation of proteins of any size and result in materials with lower levels of leaching and better mass transport of reactants and products. This protocol describes direct-immobilization methods that can be used to fabricate enzyme@COF (@ = engulfing) biocomposites with rationally programmed structures and functions. If COF construction requires harsh reaction conditions, the enzyme can be protected by using a removable metal-organic framework. Alternatively, a direct in situ approach, in which the enzyme and the COF monomers assemble under very mild conditions, can be used. Examples of both approaches are described: enzyme@COF-42-B/43-B capsules (enzymes including catalase, glucose oxidase, etc.) with ZIF-90 or ZPF-2 as protectors, and lipase@NKCOF-98/99 via in situ direct-immobilization methods (synthesis timing: 30-100 min). Example assays for physical and functional characterization of the COF and enzyme@COF materials are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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6
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Li WJ, Li YM, Ren H, Ji CY, Cheng L. Improving the Bioactivity and Stability of Embedded Enzymes by Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43580-43590. [PMID: 37672761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
De novo embedding enzymes within reticular chemistry materials have shown the enhancement of physical and chemical stability for versatile catalytic reactions. Compared to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are usually considered to be the more superior host of enzymes because of their large channels with low diffusion barriers, outstanding chemical/thermal stability, and metal-free nature. However, detailed investigations on the comparison of COFs and MOFs in enhancing biocatalytic performance have not been explored. Here, we de novo encapsulated enzymes within two COFs via a mechanochemical strategy, which avoided the extreme synthetic conditions of COFs and highly maintained the biological activities of the embedded enzymes. The enzymes@COFs biocomposites exhibited a much higher activity (3.4-14.7 times higher) and enhanced stability than those in MOFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-67, HKUST-1, MIL-53, and CaBDC), and the rate parameter (kcat/Km) of enzyme@COFs was 41.3 times higher than that of enzyme@ZIF-8. Further explorations showed that the conformation of enzymes inside MOFs was disrupted, owing to the harmful interfacial interactions between enzymes and metal ions as confirmed by ATR-FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and XPS data. In contrast, enzymes that were embedded in metal-free COFs highly preserved the natural conformation of free enzymes. This study provides a better understanding of the interfacial interactions between reticular supports and enzymes, which paves a new road for optimizing the bioactivities of immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
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Feng J, Huang QY, Zhang C, Ramakrishna S, Dong YB. Review of covalent organic frameworks for enzyme immobilization: Strategies, applications, and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125729. [PMID: 37422245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient enzyme immobilization systems offer a promising approach for improving enzyme stability and recyclability, reducing enzyme contamination in products, and expanding the applications of enzymes in the biomedical field. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess high surface areas, ordered channels, optional building blocks, highly tunable porosity, stable mechanical properties, and abundant functional groups, making them ideal candidates for enzyme immobilization. Various COF-enzyme composites have been successfully synthesized, with performances that surpass those of free enzymes in numerous ways. This review aims to provide an overview of current enzyme immobilization strategies using COFs, highlighting the characteristics of each method and recent research applications. The future opportunities and challenges of enzyme immobilization technology using COFs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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8
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Feng M, Niu Z, Xing C, Jin Y, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wang B. Covalent Organic Framework Based Crosslinked Porous Microcapsules for Enzymatic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306621. [PMID: 37310867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of porous microcapsules with selective mass transfer and mechanical robustness for enzyme encapsulation is highly desired for biocatalysis, yet the construction remains challenging. Herein, we report the facile fabrication of porous microcapsules by assembling covalent organic framework (COF) spheres at the interfaces of emulsion droplets followed by interparticle crosslinking. The COF microcapsules could offer an enclosed aqueous environment for enzymes, with size-selective porous shells that allow for the fast diffusion of substrates and products while excluding larger molecules such as protease. Crosslinking of COF spheres not only enhances the structural stability of capsules but also imparts enrichment effects. The enzymes encased in the COF microcapsules show enhanced activity and durability in organic media as verified in both batch reaction and continuous-flow reaction. The COF microcapsules offer a promising platform for the encapsulation of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziru Niu
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xing
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yehao Jin
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Key Laboratory of Cluster Science (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Patel CK, Rani C, Kumar R, Mukherjee TK. Macromolecular Crowding Promotes Re-entrant Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Human Serum Transferrin and Prevents Surface-Induced Fibrillation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3917-3928. [PMID: 37503577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation and inactivation upon surface immobilization are major limiting factors for analytical applications in biotechnology-related fields. Protein immobilization on solid surfaces often requires multi-step surface passivation, which is time-consuming and inefficient. Herein, we have discovered that biomolecular condensates of biologically active human serum transferrin (Tf) can effectively prevent surface-induced fibrillation and preserve the native-like conformation of phase-separated Tf over a period of 30 days. It has been observed that macromolecular crowding promotes homotypic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Tf through enthalpically driven multivalent hydrophobic interactions possibly via the involvement of its low-complexity domain (residues 3-20) containing hydrophobic amino acids. The present LLPS of Tf is a rare example of salt-mediated re-entrant phase separation in a broad range of salt concentrations (0-3 M) solely via the involvement of hydrophobic interactions. Notably, no liquid-to-solid-like phase transition has been observed over a period of 30 days, suggesting the intact conformational integrity of phase-separated Tf, as revealed from single droplet Raman, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. More importantly, we discovered that the phase-separated condensates of Tf completely inhibit the surface-induced fibrillation of Tf, illustrating the protective role of these liquid-like condensates against denaturation and aggregation of biomolecules. The cell mimicking compact aqueous compartments of biomolecular condensates with a substantial amount of interfacial water preserve the structure and functionality of Tf. Our present study highlights an important functional aspect of biologically active protein condensates and may have wide-ranging implications in cell physiology and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chanchal Rani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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He W, Gan Y, Qi X, Wang H, Song H, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Enhancing Enzyme Activity Using Hydrophilic Hollow Layered Double Hydroxides as Encapsulation Carriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37440477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization enables the fabrication of flexible and powerful biocatalytic systems that can meet the needs of green and efficient development in various fields. However, restricted electron and mass transfer during enzymatic reactions and disruption of the enzyme structure during encapsulation limit the wide application of the immobilized enzyme systems. Herein, we report an encapsulation strategy based on hollow-shell-layered double hydroxides (LDHs; ZnCo-LDH) for green and nondestructive enzyme immobilization. Benefiting from the protective and enzyme-friendly microenvironment provided by the hydrophilic hollow structure of ZnCo-LDH, the encapsulated enzyme maintains a nearly natural enzyme biostructure and enhanced stability. Notably, mesoporous ZnCo-LDH with excellent electrical properties considerably facilitates electron and mass transport during enzymatic reactions, exhibiting 5.56 times the catalytic efficiency of free enzymes or traditional enzyme encapsulation systems. The current study broadens the family of encapsulated carriers and alleviates the trade-off between enzyme stability and catalytic activity in the encapsulated state, presenting a promising avenue for the industrial application of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hanyue Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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11
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Wei D, Li M, Ai F, Wang K, Zhu N, Wang Y, Yin D, Zhang Z. Fabrication of Biomimetic Cascade Nanoreactor Based on Covalent Organic Framework Capsule for Biosensing. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37437140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The cooperation of biocatalysis and chemocatalysis in a catalytic cascade reaction has received extensive attention in recent years, whereas its practical applications are still hampered due to the fragility of the enzymes, poor compatibility between the carriers and enzymes, and limited catalytic efficiency. Herein, a biomimetic cascade nanoreactor (GOx@COFs@Os) was presented by integrating glucose oxidase (GOx) and Os nanozyme with covalent organic framework (COF) capsule using metal-organic framework (ZIF-90) as a template. The obtained GOx@COFs@Os capsule provided a capacious microenvironment to retain the conformational freedom of GOx for maintaining its activity, wherein the enzyme activity of GOx in COF capsules was equal to 92.9% of the free enzyme and was 1.88-folds higher than that encapsulated in ZIF-90. Meanwhile, the COF capsule could protect the GOx against incompatible environments (high temperature, acid, and organic solvents), resulting in improved stability of the packaged enzymes. Moreover, the COF capsule with great pore structure significantly improved the affinity to substrates and facilitated efficient mass transfer, which achieved 2.19-folds improvement in catalytic efficiency than the free cascade system, displaying the great catalytic performance in the cascade reaction. More importantly, the biomimetic cascade capsule was successfully employed for glucose monitoring, glutathione sensing, and bisphenol S detection in the immunoassay as a proof-of-concept. Our strategy provided a new avenue in the improvement of biocatalytic cascade performance to encourage its wide applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fengxiang Ai
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nuanfei Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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12
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Xue R, Liu YS, Huang SL, Yang GY. Recent Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks Applied in Electrochemical Sensors. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2124-2148. [PMID: 37276465 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging porous crystalline organic material, the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are given more and more attention in many fields, such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, luminescent devices, drug delivery, pollutant adsorption and removal, analysis and detection due to their special advantages of high crystallinity, flexible designability, controllable porosities and topologies, intrinsic chemical and thermal stability. In recent years, the COFs are applied in analytical chemistry, for instance, chromatography, solid-phase microextraction, luminescent and colorimetric sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electroanalytical chemistry. The COFs decorated electrodes show high performance for detecting trace substances with remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, such as heavy metal ions, glucose, hydrogen peroxide, drugs, antibiotics, explosives, phenolic compounds, pesticides, disease metabolites and so on. This review mainly summarized the application of COF based electrochemical sensor according to different target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Sheng Liu
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Li Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang Y, Xing C, Mu Z, Niu Z, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wang B. Harnessing Self-Repairing and Crystallization Processes for Effective Enzyme Encapsulation in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of fragile enzymes in crystalline porous materials offers new opportunities to expand the applications of biocatalysts. However, limited by the pore size and/or harsh synthesis conditions of the porous hosts, enzymes often suffer from dimension limitation or denaturation during the immobilization process. Taking advantage of the dynamic covalent chemistry feature of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), herein, we report a preprotection strategy to encapsulate enzymes in COFs during the self-repairing and crystallization process. Enzymes were first loaded in the low-crystalline polymer networks with mesopores formed at the initial growth stage, which could offer effective protection for enzymes from the harsh reaction conditions, and subsequently the encapsulation proceeded during the self-repairing and crystallization of the disordered polymer into the crystalline framework. Impressively, the biological activity of the enzymes can be well-maintained after encapsulation, and the obtained enzyme@COFs also show superior stability. Furthermore, the preprotection strategy circumvents the size limitation for enzymes, and its versatility was verified by enzymes with different sizes and surface charges, as well as a two-enzyme cascade system. This study offers a universal design idea to encapsulate enzymes in robust porous supports and holds promise for developing high-performance immobilized biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ziru Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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14
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Chen J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Ihara H, Qiu H. Composite materials based on covalent organic frameworks for multiple advanced applications. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220144. [PMID: 37933382 PMCID: PMC10624394 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stand for a class of emerging crystalline porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic units through strong covalent bonds. Their excellent design capabilities, and uniform and tunable pore structure make them potential materials for various applications. With the continuous development of synthesis technique and nanoscience, COFs have been successfully combined with a variety of functional materials to form COFs-based composites with superior performance than individual components. This paper offers an overview of the development of different types of COFs-based composites reported so far, with particular focus on the applications of COFs-based composites. Moreover, the challenges and future development prospects of COFs-based composites are presented. We anticipate that the review will provide some inspiration for the further development of COFs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Yuting Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiochemistryKumamoto UniversityChuo‐kuKumamotoJapan
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
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15
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Wan GZ, Ma XH, Jin L, Chen J. Fabrication of a Magnetic Porous Organic Polymer for α-Glucosidase Immobilization and Its Application in Inhibitor Screening. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5239-5249. [PMID: 37014629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The technology based on immobilized enzymes was employed to screen the constituents inhibiting disease-related enzyme activity from traditional Chinese medicine, which is expected to become an important approach of innovative drug development. Herein, the Fe3O4@POP composite with a core-shell structure was constructed for the first time with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as the core, 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-divinylterephthalaldehyde (DVA) as organic monomers, and used as the support for immobilizing α-glucosidase. Fe3O4@POP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Fe3O4@POP exhibited a distinct core-shell structure and excellent magnetic response (45.2 emu g-1). α-Glucosidase was covalently immobilized on core-shell Fe3O4@POP magnetic nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The immobilized α-glucosidase possessed improved pH stability and thermal stability as well as good storage stability and reusability. More importantly, the immobilized enzyme exhibited a lower Km value and enhanced affinity for the substrate than the free one. The immobilized α-glucosidase was subsequently used for inhibitor screening from 18 traditional Chinese medicines in combination with capillary electrophoresis analysis among which Rhodiola rosea exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity. These positive results demonstrated that such magnetic POP-based core-shell nanoparticles were a promising carrier for enzyme immobilization and the screening strategy based on immobilized enzyme provided an effective way to rapidly explore the targeted active compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Jiao R, Wang Y, Pang Y, Yang D, Li Z, Lou H, Qiu X. Construction of Macroporous β-Glucosidase@MOFs by a Metal Competitive Coordination and Oxidation Strategy for Efficient Cellulose Conversion at 120 °C. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8157-8168. [PMID: 36724351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become promising accommodation for enzyme immobilization in recent years. However, the microporous nature of MOFs affects the accessibility of large molecules, resulting in a significant decline in biocatalysis efficiency. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to construct macroporous MOFs by metal competitive coordination and oxidation with induced defect structure using a transition metal (Fe2+) as a functional site. The feasibility of in situ encapsulating β-glucosidase (β-G) within the developed macroporous MOFs endows an enzyme complex (β-G@MOF-Fe) with remarkably enhanced synergistic catalysis ability. The 24 h hydrolysis rate of β-G@MOF-Fe (with respect to cellobiose) is as high as approximately 99.8%, almost 32.2 times that of free β-G (3.1%). Especially, the macromolecular cellulose conversion rate of β-G@MOF-Fe reached 90% at 64 h, while that of β-G@MOFs (most micropores) was only 50%. This improvement resulting from the expansion of pores (significantly increased at 50-100 nm) can provide enough space for the hosted biomacromolecules and accelerate the diffusion rate of reactants. Furthermore, unexpectedly, the constructed β-G@MOF-Fe showed a superior heat resistance of up to 120 °C, attributing to the new strong coordination bond (Fe2+-N) formation through the metal competitive coordination. Therefore, this study offers new insights to solve the problem of the high-temperature macromolecular substrate encountered in the actual reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
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17
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Zhong C, Li G, Tian W, Ouyang D, Ji Y, Cai Z, Lin Z. Construction of Covalent Organic Framework Capsule-Based Nanoreactor for Sensitive Glucose Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10158-10165. [PMID: 36786379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is critical to boosting its application in various areas. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal hosts for enzyme immobilization due to their porous and predesignable structures. Nevertheless, the construction of COFs-based enzyme immobilization systems with high activity via existing immobilization methods (including covalent linkages and channel entrapment) remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a versatile approach was introduced to encapsulate enzymes within hollow COF capsule (named enzyme@COF) using metal-organic frameworks (including ZPF-1(C8H11N4O4.5Zn), ZIF-8(C8H10N4Zn), and ZIF-90(C8H6N4O2Zn)) as sacrificial templates. The obtained porous COF capsule could not only facilitate the efficient mass transfer of enzymatic reactions but also protect enzymes against the incompatible conditions, resulting in enhanced activity and stability of the encapsulated enzymes. Moreover, this approach offered an opportunity to spatially organize multienzymes in COF capsule to construct enzyme cascade system. For instance, glucose oxidase (GOx) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were coencapsulated within COF capsule to construct GOx-Cyt c cascade. The integration of GOx and Cyt c within COF capsule achieved ∼1.6-fold improvement in catalytic activity than that of free enzymes and the resultant GOx-Cyt c@COF was successfully adopted as a nanoreactor for the sensitive determination of glucose in serum. This work provided a new insight into the design of COFs-based enzyme immobilization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Guorong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Wenchang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Yin Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
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18
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Li Q, Armstrong Z, MacRae A, Ugrinov A, Feng L, Chen B, Huang Y, Li H, Pan Y, Yang Z. Metal-Organic Materials (MOMs) Enhance Proteolytic Selectivity, Efficiency, and Reusability of Trypsin: A Time-Resolved Study on Proteolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8927-8936. [PMID: 36757369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are involved in essential biological functions in nature and have become drug targets recently. In spite of the promising progress, two challenges, (i) the intrinsic instability and (ii) the difficulty in monitoring the catalytic process in real time, still hinder the further understanding and engineering of protease functionalities. These challenges are caused by the lack of proper materials/approaches to stabilize proteases and monitor proteolytic products (truncated polypeptides) in real time in a highly heterogeneous reaction mixture. This work combines metal-organic materials (MOMs), site-directed spin labeling-electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) to overcome both barriers. A model protease, trypsin, which cleaves the peptide bonds at lysine or arginine residues, was immobilized on a Ca-MOM via aqueous-phase, one-pot cocrystallization, which allows for trypsin protection and ease of separation from its proteolytic products. Time-resolved EPR and MS were employed to monitor the populations, rotational motion, and sequences of the cleaved peptide truncations of a model protein substrate as the reaction proceeded. Our data suggest a significant (at least 5-10 times) enhancement in the catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) of trypsin@Ca-MOM and excellent reusability as compared to free trypsin in solution. Surprisingly, entrapping trypsin in Ca-MOMs results in cleavage site/region selectivity against the protein substrate, as compared to the near nonselective cleavage of all lysine and arginine residues of the substrate in solution. Remarkably, immobilizing trypsin allows for the separation and, thus, MS study on the sequences of truncated peptides in real time, leading to a time-resolved "movie" of trypsin proteolysis. This work demonstrates the use of MOMs and cocrystallization to enhance the selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and stability of trypsin, suggesting the possibility of tuning the catalytic performance of a general protease using MOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zoe Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Austin MacRae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yanxiong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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19
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Liu J, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Covalent organic frameworks as advanced materials in the application of chemical detection. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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20
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Saini B, Mukherjee TK. Synthetic Protocell as Efficient Bioreactor: Enzymatic Superactivity and Ultrasensitive Glucose Sensing in Urine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53462-53474. [PMID: 36404589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that membraneless cellular condensates play a critical role in accelerating various slow and thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical processes. However, the exact mechanisms behind the enhanced activity within biocondensates remain poorly understood. Here, we report the fabrication of a high-performance integrated cascade bioplatform based on synthetic droplets for ultrasensitive glucose sensing. Using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) cascade pair, we report an unprecedented enhancement in the catalytic activity of HRP inside the synthetic membraneless droplet. Liquidlike membraneless droplets have been prepared via multivalent electrostatic interactions between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) in an aqueous medium. Compartmentalized enzymes (GOx/HRP@Droplet) exhibit high encapsulation efficiency, low leakage, prolong retention of activity, and exceptional stability toward protease digestion. Using an HRP@Droplet composite, we have shown that the enzymatic reaction within the droplet follows the classical Michaelis-Menten model. Our findings reveal remarkable enhancement in the catalytic activity of up to 100- and 51-fold for HRP@Droplet and GOx/HRP@Droplet, respectively. These enhanced activities have been explained on the basis of increased local concentrations of enzymes and substrates, along with altered conformations of sequestered enzymes. Furthermore, we have utilized highly efficient and recyclable GOx/HRP@Droplet composite to demonstrate ultrasensitive glucose sensing with a limit of detection of 228 nM. Finally, the composite platform has been exploited to detect glucose in spiked urine samples in solution and filter paper. Our present study illustrates the unprecedented activity of the compartmentalized enzymes and paves the way for next-generation composite bioreactors for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Simrol, Indore453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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21
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Wang Z, Zhu Q, Wang J, Jin F, Zhang P, Yan D, Cheng P, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Industry-compatible covalent organic frameworks for green chemical engineering. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Wang L, Xie H, Lin Y, Wang M, Sha L, Yu X, Yang J, Zhao J, Li G. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based biosensors for the assay of disease biomarkers with clinical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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