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Xiao Y, Yan Y, Do H, Rankin R, Zhao H, Qian P, Song K, Wu T, Pang CH. Understanding cellulose pyrolysis via ab initio deep learning potential field. Bioresour Technol 2024; 399:130590. [PMID: 38490462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive and dynamic studies of cellulose pyrolysis reaction mechanisms are crucial in designing experiments and processes with enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability. The details of the pyrolysis mechanism are not readily available from experiments but can be better described via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the large size of cellulose molecules challenges accurate ab initio MD simulations, while existing reactive force field parameters lack precision. In this work, precise ab initio deep learning potentials field (DPLF) are developed and applied in MD simulations to facilitate the study of cellulose pyrolysis mechanisms. The formation mechanism and production rate of both valuable and greenhouse products from cellulose at temperatures larger than 1073 K are comprehensively described. This study underscores the critical role of advanced simulation techniques, particularly DLPF, in achieving efficient and accurate understanding of cellulose pyrolysis mechanisms, thus promoting wider industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hainam Do
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham, Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Richard Rankin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Qian
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keke Song
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham, Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham, Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
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2
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He L, Wang L, He Z, Pang CH, Tang B, Wu A, Li J. Strategies for utilizing covalent organic frameworks as host materials for the integration and delivery of bioactives. Mater Horiz 2024; 11:1126-1151. [PMID: 38112198 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new and developing class of porous framework materials, are considered a type of promising carrier for the integration and delivery of bioactives, which have diverse fascinating merits, such as a large specific surface area, designable and specific porosity, stable and orderly framework structure, and various active sites. However, owing to the significant differences among bioactives (including drugs, proteins, nucleic acid, and exosomes), such as size, structure, and physicochemical properties, the interaction between COFs and bioactives also varies. In this review, we firstly summarize three strategies for the construction of single or hybrid COF-based matrices for the delivery of cargos, including encapsulation, covalent binding, and coordination bonding. Besides, their smart response release behaviors are also categorized. Subsequently, the applications of cargo@COF biocomposites in biomedicine are comprehensively summarized, including tumor therapy, central nervous system (CNS) modulation, biomarker analysis, bioimaging, and anti-bacterial therapy. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Zhen He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
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Li Y, Hanson S, Pang CH, Lyu P, Jiang J. Ce/Mn/Cr: (Re,Y) 3Al 5O 12 Phosphor Ceramics (Re = Gd, Tb and Lu) for White LED Lighting with Significant Spectral Redshift and Improved Color-Rendering Index. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6667. [PMID: 37895648 PMCID: PMC10608765 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to attain phosphor ceramics with a high Color-Rendering Index (CRI), samples with the composition of Y0.997-xRexCe0.003)3(Al0.9748 Mn2+0.024Cr3+0.0012)5O12(Rex = 0, Gd0.333, Gd0.666, Gd0.997, Tb0.333, Tb0.666, Tb0.997 and Lu0.997 were prepared by solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering, and exhibited potential for high-quality, solid-state lighting. Doping with Cr3+ and Mn2+ effectively enhanced the red component of Ce3+ spectra through the intense energy transfer from Ce3+ ions to Mn2+/Cr3+ ions. The crystal field splitting of [GdO8] and [TbO8] was more extensive than that of [YO8], causing a massive redshift in the Ce3+ emission peaks from 542 to 561 and 595 nm, while [LuO8] had an opposite effect and caused a blueshift with a peak position at 512 nm. White LED devices incorporating Ce/Mn/Cr: (Gd0.333Y0.664)3Al5O12 phosphor ceramic exhibited a high CRI of 83.97, highlighting the potential for enhancing the red-light component of white LED lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo 315201, China;
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Svenja Hanson
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Peng Lyu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Photonics Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Jun Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhongguan Road, Ningbo 315201, China;
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Muruganandham M, Sivasubramanian K, Velmurugan P, Suresh Kumar S, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Suresh Kumar R, Manickam S, Pang CH, Sivakumar S. An eco-friendly ultrasound approach to extracting yellow dye from Cassia alata flower petals: Characterization, dyeing, and antibacterial properties. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 98:106519. [PMID: 37467548 PMCID: PMC10372158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Using natural dyes in dyeing industries becomes an alternative to synthetic dyes, which are known to contain harmful chemicals that can pose risks to the environment and human health. This study involves the extraction of yellow dye from Cassia alata flower petals, optimization of the extraction process using an ultrasonic bath (40 KHz and an input power of 500), ultrasonic probe (390 W, 455 W, 520 W, 585 W, and 650 W), and conventional heating (heating mantle with 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C), characterization of the dye, as well as dyeing (cotton, silk, and leather) without using a mordant. The extracted yellow dye was further evaluated to determine its antibacterial activity against skin bacteria. Dye extraction optimization using UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the maximum yellow color in methanol extract (287 and 479 nm) was obtained at 50 °C for 45 min using ultrasonic water bath extraction, followed by the ultrasonic probe and direct heating. Based on the FTIR spectra, it is evident that OH is present at approximately 3300 cm-1, while CH stretches at around 2900 cm-1. A characteristic peak at 1608 cm-1 bears a striking similarity to anthraquinonoid-based compounds. Also, using the ultrasonic water bath dyeing technique at 50 °C for 45 min, the yellow color of cotton, silk, and leather was dyed optimally. Due to effective color removal after two washings with boiling soap liquid, the dyed cotton and silk fabric displayed good washing and rubbing fastness. Regarding antibacterial activity, the dye was highly active against all pathogens after extraction in methanol. The maximum inhibition was observed against Pseudomonas sp. with a MIC value of 1.56 mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Muruganandham
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600126, India
| | - Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600126, India
| | - Palanivel Velmurugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600126, India.
| | - Subbaiah Suresh Kumar
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600126, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
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Xiao Y, Pang YX, Yan Y, Qian P, Zhao H, Manickam S, Wu T, Pang CH. Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205292. [PMID: 36658693 PMCID: PMC10037997 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p-G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg-1 ), sizes (50-1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p-G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Yoong Xin Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027P. R. China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringBeijing100083P. R. China
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi BruneiBandar Seri BegawanBE1410Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and ProcessIntensification Research of Zhejiang ProvinceUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion TechnologiesUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
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6
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You C, Ormerod JT, Li X, Pang CH, Zhou XH. An Approximated Collapsed Variational Bayes Approach to Variable Selection in Linear Regression. J Comput Graph Stat 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2022.2149539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University
| | | | - Xiangyang Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Center for Statistical Sciences, Peking University
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
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Ma C, Han L, Zhu Z, Heng Pang C, Pan G. Mineral metabolism and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115242. [PMID: 36084708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Minerals including iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, fulfil an essential role in various biochemical processes. Moreover, the identification of ferroptosis and cuproptosis further underscores the importance of intracellular mineral homeostasis. However, perturbation of minerals has been frequently reported in patients with NAFLD and related diseases. Interestingly, studies have attempted to establish an association between mineral disorders and NAFLD pathological features, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and fibrogenesis. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of mineral metabolism (i.e., absorption, utilization, and transport) and mineral interactions in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. More importantly, this review highlights potential therapeutic strategies, challenges, future directions for targeting mineral metabolism in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Han
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Wang Z, Sun Z, Yin H, Liu X, Wang J, Zhao H, Pang CH, Wu T, Li S, Yin Z, Yu XF. Data-Driven Materials Innovation and Applications. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2104113. [PMID: 35451528 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid developments to improve the accuracy and efficiency of both experimental and computational investigative methodologies, the massive amounts of data generated have led the field of materials science into the fourth paradigm of data-driven scientific research. This transition requires the development of authoritative and up-to-date frameworks for data-driven approaches for material innovation. A critical discussion on the current advances in the data-driven discovery of materials with a focus on frameworks, machine-learning algorithms, material-specific databases, descriptors, and targeted applications in the field of inorganic materials is presented. Frameworks for rationalizing data-driven material innovation are described, and a critical review of essential subdisciplines is presented, including: i) advanced data-intensive strategies and machine-learning algorithms; ii) material databases and related tools and platforms for data generation and management; iii) commonly used molecular descriptors used in data-driven processes. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on the broad applications of material innovation, such as energy conversion and storage, environmental decontamination, flexible electronics, optoelectronics, superconductors, metallic glasses, and magnetic materials, is provided. Finally, how these subdisciplines (with insights into the synergy of materials science, computational tools, and mathematics) support data-driven paradigms is outlined, and the opportunities and challenges in data-driven material innovation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Zhehao Sun
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hang Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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9
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Zhao H, Cao P, Lu L, Li F, Pang CH, Wu T. Co-regulation of dispersion, exposure and defect sites on CeO 2 (111) surface for catalytic oxidation of Hg 0. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:126566. [PMID: 34879537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The additional cost of Hg0 capture in coal-fired power plants has facilitated the demand for environmental pollutants mitigation material for Hg0 oxidation to Hg2+ for an ultra-low Hg emission technology. Herein, a suite of CeO2-based catalysts were investigated aiming at ultra-low gaseous Hg0 emission at coal-fired power stations. Gaseous elemental mercury is feasible to be catalytically oxidized to Hg2+. The co-regulated dispersion, exposure and defect sites on CeO2 (111) surface with 2 wt% Ce and 8 wt% Mo compositions on γ-Al2O3 was found to be the most promising catalyst demonstrating a high catalytic oxidation efficiency, a broad operating temperature range and a low activation energy. Specifically, it is shown that the oxidation of Hg0 on the Ce-based catalysts can be enhanced by the addition of Mo (up to 8 wt%) via promoting the CeO2 (111) surface dispersion and exposure. Moreover, insights into the Ce and Mo synergistic interactions showed that it facilitated the formation of defect-containing surface sites. Besides, the co-regulation of dispersion, exposure and defect sites on CeO2 (111) surface was further studied by DFT calculations. This study provides a feasible approach in optimization of CeO2-based catalysts for catalytic oxidation of Hg0 to achieve efficient removal of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Lu Lu
- New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150040, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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10
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Wu X, Manickam S, Wu T, Pang CH. Insights into the Role of Graphene/Graphene‐hybrid Nanocomposites in Antiviral Therapy. CBEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tao Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province 315100 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China New Materials Institute 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies 315100 Ningbo China
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Wong SK, Lawrencia D, Supramaniam J, Goh BH, Manickam S, Wong TW, Pang CH, Tang SY. In vitro Digestion and Swelling Kinetics of Thymoquinone-Loaded Pickering Emulsions Incorporated in Alginate-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads. Front Nutr 2021; 8:752207. [PMID: 34671634 PMCID: PMC8520899 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.752207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the swelling behavior, in vitro digestion, and release of a hydrophobic bioactive compound, thymoquinone (TQ), loaded in Pickering emulsion incorporated in alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads using a simulated gastrointestinal model. In this study, oil-in-water Pickering emulsions of uniform micron droplet sizes were formulated using 20% red palm olein and 0.5% (w/v) cellulose nanocrystals-soy protein isolate (CNC/SPI) complex followed by encapsulation within beads. FT-IR was used to characterize the bonding between the alginate, chitosan, and Pickering emulsion. 2% (w/v) alginate-1% (w/v) chitosan hydrogel beads were found to be spherical with higher stability against structural deformation. The alginate-chitosan beads displayed excellent stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with a low water uptake of ~19%. The hydrogel beads demonstrated a high swelling degree (85%) with a superior water uptake capacity of ~593% during intestinal digestion in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). After exposure to SIF, the microstructure transformation was observed, causing erosion and degradation of alginate/chitosan wall materials. The release profile of TQ up to 83% was achieved in intestinal digestion, and the release behavior was dominated by diffusion via the bead swelling process. These results provided useful insight into the design of food-grade colloidal delivery systems using protein-polysaccharide complex-stabilized Pickering emulsions incorporated in alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Kiat Wong
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Dora Lawrencia
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Janarthanan Supramaniam
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,New Materials Institute, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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12
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Lai J, Meng Y, Yan Y, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. Catalytic pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene using recycled coal ash: Kinetic study and environmental evaluation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021; 38:2235-2246. [PMID: 34522057 PMCID: PMC8432283 DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis offers a sustainable route to convert plastic wastes into fuel. We investigated the catalytic performance of coal ash (fly and bottom ash) at blending ratio of 5 wt%, and 15 wt% during pyrolysis of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence on activation energy and oil was characterized via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results have shown that 15 wt% bottom ash exhibited higher catalytic activity. The activation energy estimated by Coats-Redfern method decreased from 458.7 kJ·mol-1 to 437.8 kJ·mol-1, while the alicyclic hydrocarbon yield increased from 5.97% to 32.09%. This implies that CaO, which is abundant in bottom ash, could promote the conversion of LLDPE. Furthermore, a cradle-to-factory gate life cycle assessment was performed to investigate three scenarios (non-catalytic pyrolysis, 15 wt% fly ash, and 15 wt% bottom ash) of LLDPE conversion strategies via a normalization and weighting approach. It was found that LLDPE pyrolysis with 15 wt% bottom ash also showed the lowest normalized score of 2.83, implying the lowest environmental impact. This work has demonstrated that the recycling of coal ash, particularly bottom ash, as catalysts for LLDPE pyrolysis is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchen Lai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 P. R. China
| | - Yang Meng
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315042 P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 P. R. China
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315042 P. R. China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 China
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13
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Meng Y, Wu X, Oladejo J, Dong X, Zhang Z, Deng J, Yan Y, Zhao H, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. Application of Machine Learning in Industrial Boilers: Fault Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. CBEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo New Materials Institute 315042 Ningbo China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment 361021 Xiamen China
| | - Xinyun Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Jumoke Oladejo
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Jie Deng
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering MA 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Edward Lester
- University of Nottingham Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
| | - Tao Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo New Materials Institute 315042 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies 315100 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
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14
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Yan Y, Meng Y, Zhao H, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. Miscanthus as a carbon precursor for graphene oxide: A possibility influenced by pyrolysis temperature. Bioresour Technol 2021; 331:124934. [PMID: 33798864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of producing graphene oxide (GO) from biomass via green (comparatively) processing and the impact of graphitization temperature on GO quality. Our findings show that it is possible to convert biomass into highly pyrolytic biochar, followed by shear exfoliation to produce few-layer GO. However, pyrolysis temperature is key in ensuring that the biochar is suited for effective exfoliation. Low temperatures (<1000 °C) would preserve undesirable heterogenous, complex cellular structure of biomass whilst excessive temperatures (≥1300 °C) result in uncontrolled melting, coalescence and loss of functional groups. Results show 1200 °C to be the optimum graphitization temperature for miscanthus, where the resultant biochar is highly aromatic with sufficient functional groups to weaken van der Waals forces, thus facilitating exfoliation to form 6-layer GO with specific surface area of 545.3 m2g-1. This study demonstrates the potential of producing high quality, fit-for-purpose graphene materials from renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Yang Meng
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, PR China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
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15
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Tan WK, Cheah SC, Parthasarathy S, Rajesh RP, Pang CH, Manickam S. Fish pond water treatment using ultrasonic cavitation and advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129702. [PMID: 33529956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation explores the efficacy of employing ultrasonic cavitation and coupling it with advanced oxidation processes (hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's reagent) for reducing the levels of total ammonia nitrogen in fish pond water containing Tilapia fishes. Ultrasonic cavitation is a phenomenon where the formation, growth and collapse of vaporous bubbles occur in a liquid medium producing highly reactive free radicals. Ultrasonic probe system (20 kHz with 750 W and 1000 W) was used to induce cavitation. Besides, to intensify the process, ultrasonic cavitation was coupled with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's reagent. Using SERA colour indicator test kits, the levels of ammonium, nitrite and carbonate hardness were measured. The results obtained from this study clearly show that the advanced oxidation processes are more efficient in reducing the ammonium and nitrite levels in fish pond water than using ultrasound alone. The pH and carbonate hardness levels were not affected significantly by ultrasonic cavitation. The optimal treatment time and ultrasound power to treat the water samples were also established. Energy efficiency and cost analysis of this treatment have also been presented, indicating that ultrasonic cavitation coupled with hydrogen peroxide appears to be a promising technique for reducing total ammonia nitrogen levels in the fish pond water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kiat Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Cheong Cheah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shridharan Parthasarathy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R P Rajesh
- Centre for Molecular & Nanomedical Science, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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16
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You C, Zhou Z, Wen J, Li Y, Pang CH, Du H, Wang Z, Zhou XH, King DA, Liu CT, Huang J. Polygenic Scores and Parental Predictors: An Adult Height Study Based on the United Kingdom Biobank and the Framingham Heart Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:669441. [PMID: 34093660 PMCID: PMC8176283 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.669441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human height is a polygenic trait, influenced by a large number of genomic loci. In the pre-genomic era, height prediction was based largely on parental height. More recent predictions of human height have made great strides by integrating genotypic data from large biobanks with improved statistical techniques. Nevertheless, recent studies have not leveraged parental height, an added feature that we hypothesized would offer complementary predictive value. In this study, we assessed the predictive power of polygenic risk scores (PRS) combined with the traditional parental height predictors. Our study analyzed genotypic data and parental height from 1,071 trios from the United Kingdom Biobank and 444 trios from the Framingham Heart Study. We explored a series of statistical models to fully evaluate the performance of several PRS constructed together with parental information and proposed a model we call PRS++ that includes gender, parental height, and PRSs of parents and proband. Our estimate of height with an R2 of ∼0.82 is, to our knowledge, the most accurate estimate yet achieved for predicting human adult height. Without parental information, the R2 from the best PRS-driven model is ∼0.73. In summary, using adult height prediction as an example, we demonstrated that traditional predictors still play important roles and merit integration into the current trends of intensive PRS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong You
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Haoyang Du
- Department of Computer Science, School of Art and Science, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC, United States
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel A King
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Peking, China
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17
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Yan Y, Manickam S, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. Synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots from miscanthus via ultrasound-assisted mechano-chemical cracking method. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 73:105519. [PMID: 33799111 PMCID: PMC8044699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Whilst graphene materials have become increasingly popular in recent years, the followed synthesis strategies face sustainability, environmental and quality challenges. This study proposes an effective, sustainable and scalable ultrasound-assisted mechano-chemical cracking method to produce graphene oxide (GO). A typical energy crop, miscanthus, was used as a carbon precursor and pyrolysed at 1200 °C before subjecting to edge-carboxylation via ball-milling in a CO2-induced environment. The resultant functionalised biochar was ultrasonically exfoliated in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and water to form GOs. The intermediate and end-products were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Results show that the proposed synthesis route can produce good quality and uniform GOs (8-10% monolayer), with up to 96% of GOs having three layers or lesser when NMP is used. Ultrasonication proved to be effective in propagating the self-repulsion of negatively-charged functional groups. Moreover, small amounts of graphene quantum dots were observed, illustrating the potential of producing various graphene materials via a single-step method. Whilst this study has only investigated utilising miscanthus, the current findings are promising and could expand the potential of producing good quality graphene materials from renewable sources via green synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China; New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, PR China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, PR China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
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Yan Y, Pang Y, Lyu Z, Wang R, Wu X, You C, Zhao H, Manickam S, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. The COVID-19 Vaccines: Recent Development, Challenges and Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:349. [PMID: 33916489 PMCID: PMC8067284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. At present, the world is relying mainly on containment and hygiene-related measures, as well as repurposed drugs to control the outbreak. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, and a collective global effort has been invested into protection against SARS-CoV-2. As of March 2021, thirteen vaccines have been approved for application whilst over 90 vaccine candidates are under clinical trials. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and vaccination reactions of the authorised vaccines. The mechanisms, storage, and dosage specification of vaccine candidates at the advanced stage of development are also critically reviewed together with considerations for potential challenges. Whilst the development of a vaccine is, in general, in its infancy, current progress is promising. However, the world population will have to continue to adapt to the "new normal" and practice social distancing and hygienic measures, at least until effective vaccines are available to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Yoongxin Pang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhuoyi Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyun Wu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Haitao Zhao
- MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315042, China; (Y.P.); (R.W.); (X.W.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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Meng Y, Jiang P, Yan Y, Pan Y, Wu X, Zhao H, Sharmin N, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. An advanced ash fusion study on the melting behaviour of coal, oil shale and blends under gasification conditions using picture analysis and graphing method. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Manickam S, Sivakumar K, Pang CH. Investigations on the generation of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions through the combination of ultrasound and microchannel. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 69:105258. [PMID: 32702637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
O/W nanoemulsions are isotropic colloidal systems constituted of oil droplets dispersed in continuous aqueous media and stabilised by surfactant molecules. Nanoemulsions hold applications in more widespread technological domains, more crucially in the pharmaceutical industry. Innovative nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system has been suggested as a powerful alternative strategy through the useful means of encapsulating, protecting, and delivering the poorly water-soluble bioactive components. Consequently, there is a need to generate an emulsion with small and consistent droplets. Diverse studies acknowledged that ultrasonic cavitation is a feasible and energy-efficient method in making pharmaceutical-grade nanoemulsions. This method offers more notable improvements in terms of stability with a lower Ostwald ripening rate. Meanwhile, a microstructured reactor, for instance, microchannel, has further been realised as an innovative technology that facilitates combinatorial approaches with the acceleration of reaction, analysis, and measurement. The recent breakthrough that has been achieved is the controlled generation of fine and monodispersed multiple emulsions through microstructured reactors. The small inner dimensions of microchannel display properties such as short diffusion paths and high specific interfacial areas, which increase the mass and heat transfer rates. Hence, the combination of ultrasonic cavitation with microstructures (microchannel) provides process intensification of creating a smaller monodispersed nanoemulsion system. This investigation is vital as it will then facilitate the creation of new nanoemulsion based drug delivery system continuously. Following this, the fabrication of microchannel and setup of its combination with ultrasound was conducted in the generation of O/W nanoemulsion, as well as optimisation to analyse the effect of varied operating parameters on the mean droplet diameter and dispersity of the nanoemulsion generated, besides monitoring the stability of the nanoemulsion. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images were also carried out for the droplet size measurements. In short, the outcomes of this study are encouraging, which necessitates further investigations to be carried out to advance a better understanding of coupling microchannel with ultrasound to produce pharmaceutical-grade nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kagendren Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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21
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Meng Y, Yan Y, Wu X, Sharmin N, Zhao H, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. Synthesis and functionalization of cauliflower-like mesoporous siliceous foam materials from oil shale waste for post-combustion carbon capture. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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You C, Deng Y, Hu W, Sun J, Lin Q, Zhou F, Pang CH, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhou XH. Estimation of the time-varying reproduction number of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113555. [PMID: 32460229 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.08.20021253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China has attracted world-wide attention. As of March 31, 2020, a total of 82,631 cases of COVID-19 in China were confirmed by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China. METHODS Three approaches, namely Poisson likelihood-based method (ML), exponential growth rate-based method (EGR) and stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Removed dynamic model-based method (SIR), were implemented to estimate the basic and controlled reproduction numbers. RESULTS A total of 198 chains of transmission together with dates of symptoms onset and 139 dates of infections were identified among 14,829 confirmed cases outside Hubei Province as reported as of March 31, 2020. Based on this information, we found that the serial interval had an average of 4.60 days with a standard deviation of 5.55 days, the incubation period had an average of 8.00 days with a standard deviation of 4.75 days and the infectious period had an average of 13.96 days with a standard deviation of 5.20 days. The estimated controlled reproduction numbers, Rc, produced by all three methods in all analyzed regions of China are significantly smaller compared with the basic reproduction numbers R0. CONCLUSIONS The controlled reproduction number in China is much lower than one in all regions of China by now. It fell below one within 30 days from the implementations of unprecedent containment measures, which indicates that the strong measures taken by China government was effective to contain the epidemic. Nonetheless, efforts are still needed in order to end the current epidemic as imported cases from overseas pose a high risk of a second outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Jiarui Sun
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Qiushi Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, China
| | - Zhengchao Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China.
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You C, Deng Y, Hu W, Sun J, Lin Q, Zhou F, Pang CH, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhou XH. Estimation of the time-varying reproduction number of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113555. [PMID: 32460229 PMCID: PMC7211652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China has attracted world-wide attention. As of March 31, 2020, a total of 82,631 cases of COVID-19 in China were confirmed by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China. METHODS Three approaches, namely Poisson likelihood-based method (ML), exponential growth rate-based method (EGR) and stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Removed dynamic model-based method (SIR), were implemented to estimate the basic and controlled reproduction numbers. RESULTS A total of 198 chains of transmission together with dates of symptoms onset and 139 dates of infections were identified among 14,829 confirmed cases outside Hubei Province as reported as of March 31, 2020. Based on this information, we found that the serial interval had an average of 4.60 days with a standard deviation of 5.55 days, the incubation period had an average of 8.00 days with a standard deviation of 4.75 days and the infectious period had an average of 13.96 days with a standard deviation of 5.20 days. The estimated controlled reproduction numbers, Rc, produced by all three methods in all analyzed regions of China are significantly smaller compared with the basic reproduction numbers R0. CONCLUSIONS The controlled reproduction number in China is much lower than one in all regions of China by now. It fell below one within 30 days from the implementations of unprecedent containment measures, which indicates that the strong measures taken by China government was effective to contain the epidemic. Nonetheless, efforts are still needed in order to end the current epidemic as imported cases from overseas pose a high risk of a second outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Jiarui Sun
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Qiushi Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, China
| | - Zhengchao Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China.
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Yan Y, Shin WI, Pang YX, Meng Y, Lai J, You C, Zhao H, Lester E, Wu T, Pang CH. The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2323. [PMID: 32235575 PMCID: PMC7177691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Woo In Shin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor 43500, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Xin Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China
| | - Jianchen Lai
- Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China
| | - Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward Lester
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tao Wu
- Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore mechanisms of SEMA3B gene expression and its clinical significance in glioma, and provide a theoretical foundation for investigating individualized treatment in glioma. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 43 patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of glioma following neurosurgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2013 to April 2014 were selected randomly. An additional three normal brain tissues were obtained following encephalic decompression excision due to acute craniocerebral injury in the same period, which were used as the control group. Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor was performed on the glioma tissues from the 43 patients. Genomic DNA was extracted for bisulfate conversion and sequencing. SEMA3B was fully expressed in the three normal brain tissues, and incompletely expressed in the 43 glioma tissues, with a lack of expression in 48.8% (21/43) of samples. Moreover, 58% of high-grade gliomas (grade III and IV) lacked SEMA3B expression, which was significantly more than those that lacked expression (20%) in low-grade gliomas (grade I and II), indicating that, as the clinical pathological grade increased, SEMA3B expression decreased. The occurrence and development of malignant tumors is a product of multiple genes and other factors. Here, we provide theoretical basis for glioma development and prognosis involving DNA-methylation driven silencing of SEMA3B, and thus, SEMA3B is a potential target for directed treatments against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L J Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao H, Yang G, Gao X, Pang CH, Kingman SW, Wu T. Hg(0) Capture over CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 with MoS2 Nanosheets at Low Temperatures. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:1056-1064. [PMID: 26690488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 sorbent was prepared via incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and sulfur-chemical vapor reaction (S-CVR) methods and tested in terms of its potential for Hg(0) capture. It was observed that the CoMoO/γ-Al2O3 showed a Hg(0) capture efficiency around 75% at a temperature between 175 and 325 °C while CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 achieved almost 100% Hg(0) removal efficiency at 50 °C. The high removal efficiency for CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 remained unchanged for 2000 min in the test. Its theoretical capacity for Hg(0) capture was found to be 18.95 mg/g based on the Elovich model. The ability of this material for Hg(0) capture is atributed to the MoS2 nanosheets coated on surface of the maro- and meso-pores of γ-Al2O3. These MoS2 are two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide (2D TMDC) assembled with unsulfided cobalt atoms at the edges. It is believed that these MoS2 nanosheets provided dense active sites for Hg(0) capture. The removal of Hg(0) at low temperatures was achieved via the combination of Hg(0) with the chalcogen (S) atoms on the entire basal plane of the MoS2 nanosheets with coordinative unsaturated sites (CUS) to form a stable compound, HgS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Samuel W Kingman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, The U.K
| | - Tao Wu
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
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Pang CH, Gaddipatti S, Tucker G, Lester E, Wu T. Relationship between thermal behaviour of lignocellulosic components and properties of biomass. Bioresour Technol 2014; 172:312-320. [PMID: 25277259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five different biomass samples were selected for this study, including miscanthus, distillers dried grain (DDG), wheat shorts, wheat straw and UK wood. These samples were thermochemically treated to alter the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose composition. Thermogravimetric tests were carried out on these samples to determine thermal behaviours of biomass and its individual lignocellulosic components. The relationship between thermal behaviour of biomass and its corresponding lignocellulosic composition was revealed. The reliability of this relationship was proved by thermogravimetric analysis of samples of artificial biomass prepared by mixing commercially obtained lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose at various blending ratios. It is shown that actual biomass profiles can be predicted with some degree of accuracy based on the lignocellulosic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom; Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Sanyasi Gaddipatti
- School of Biosciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Tucker
- School of Biosciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Lester
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wu
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Avila C, Pang CH, Wu T, Lester E. Morphology and reactivity characteristics of char biomass particles. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:5237-5243. [PMID: 21334876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 10 different biomasses were selected which included directly grown energy crops, industrial waste material and different wood types. Each biomass was sieved into six different size fractions and pyrolysed in a fixed bed furnace preheated to 1000 °C to produce a char residue. Intrinsic reactivity during burnout was measured using a non-isothermal thermogravimetric method. Scanning electron microscopy and oil immersion microscopy were used to characterise the morphology of the products. Char morphology was summarised in terms of degree of deformation, internal particle structure and wall thickness. Intrinsic reactivity corresponded directly with these morphology groupings showing a significant correlation between char morphotypes, char reactivity and the initial biomass material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Avila
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Pang CH, Chan WL, Yen CH, Cheng SC, Woo SB, Choi ST, Hui WK, Mak KH. Comparison of total knee arthroplasty using computer-assisted navigation versus conventional guiding systems: a prospective study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2009; 17:170-3. [PMID: 19721145 DOI: 10.1177/230949900901700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare knee alignments in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using computer-assisted navigation versus conventional guiding systems. METHODS Five men and 49 women aged 49 to 79 years underwent TKA for primary osteoarthritis of the knee with varus deformity. All valgus knees were associated with inflammatory arthritis and thus excluded. Computer-assisted navigation was used for the first 35 TKAs, whereas conventional extramedullary tibial and intramedullary femoral guiding systems were used for the next 35 TKAs. The mechanical axis, coronal tibial and femoral angles, sagittal tibial and femoral angles in the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS Sagittal tibial and femoral angles aligned more optimally in TKAs using computer-assisted navigation. In the respective computer-assisted navigation and conventional guiding systems, 33 (94%) and 26 (74%) of the TKAs attained a postoperative mechanical axis of <3 degrees varus/valgus. CONCLUSION Computer-assisted navigation gives a more consistent alignment correction and reduces outliers during implant positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong.
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Ikeda H, Pang CH, Endo H, Ohta T, Tanaka H, Omura S. Construction of a single component producer from the wild type avermectin producer Streptomyces avermitilis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:532-4. [PMID: 7622445 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Pang CH, Matsuzaki K, Ikeda H, Tanaka H, Omura S. Production of 6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy derivatives of avermectins by a mutant strain of Streptomyces avermitilis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:59-66. [PMID: 7868391 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces avermitilis produces the anthelmintic and insecticidal secondary metabolite avermectins. Following mutagenesis of a recombinant strain, S. avermitilis K2038 (aveD X) with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, a derivative strain K2057 (aveD aveE X), was isolated, which produced seven avermectin-related compounds different from the eight components of avermectins. Four among these seven compounds from mutant K2057 were found to be new metabolites. Their structures were 4'-deoleandrosyl-6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxyavermectin B1a, 4'-deoleandrosyl-6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy-5-oxoavermectin B1a, 4'-deoleandrosyl-6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy-5-oxoavermectin B2a and 6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy-2,5-didehydroavermectin B2a, all of which lack the furan ring at C-6, C-8a. The mutation affecting the formation of the furan ring (aveE) is located in the center of the gene cluster for avermectin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pang CH, Matsuzaki K, Ikeda H, Tanaka H, Omura S. Production of a new methylated 6,8a-seco-6,8a-deoxy derivative of the avermectins by a transformant strain of Streptomyces avermitilis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:92-4. [PMID: 7868398 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ikeda H, Takada Y, Pang CH, Matsuzaki K, Tanaka H, Omura S. Direct production of 5-oxo derivatives of avermectins by a recombinant strain of Streptomyces avermitilis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:95-7. [PMID: 7868399 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
The Tn3-like Streptomyces transposon Tn4560 was used to mutagenize Streptomyces avermitilis, the producer of anthelmintic avermectins and the cell growth inhibitor oligomycin. Tn4560 transposed in this strain from a temperature-sensitive plasmid to the chromosome and from the chromosome to a plasmid with an apparent frequency of about 10(-4) to 10(-3) at both 30 and 39 degrees C. Auxotrophic and antibiotic nonproducing mutations were, however, obtained only with cultures that were kept at 37 or 39 degrees C. About 0.1% of the transposon inserts obtained at 39 degrees C caused auxotrophy or abolished antibiotic production. The sites of insertion into the S. avermitilis chromosome were mapped. Chromosomal DNA fragments containing Tn4560 insertions in antibiotic production genes were cloned onto a Streptomyces plasmid with temperature-sensitive replication and used to transport transposon mutations to other strains, using homologous recombination. This technique was used to construct an avermectin production strain that no longer makes the toxic oligomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ikeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
A black-pigmented strain developed spontaneously from a typical strain of Mycobacterium fortuitum.
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