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Herdiana Y, Febrina E, Nurhasanah S, Gozali D, Elamin KM, Wathoni N. Drug Loading in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1043. [PMID: 39204388 PMCID: PMC11359066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are promising vehicles for targeted and controlled drug release. Recognized for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ease of production, CSNPs represent an effective approach to drug delivery. Encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles (NPs) provides numerous benefits compared to free drugs, such as increased bioavailability, minimized toxic side effects, improved delivery, and the incorporation of additional features like controlled release, imaging agents, targeted delivery, and combination therapies with multiple drugs. Keys parameters in nanomedicines are drug loading content and drug loading efficiency. Most current NP systems struggle with low drug loading, presenting a significant challenge to the field. This review summarizes recent research on developing CSNPs with high drug loading capacity, focusing on various synthesis strategies. It examines CSNP systems using different materials and drugs, providing details on their synthesis methods, drug loadings, encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles, stability, and applications in drug delivery. Additionally, the review discusses factors affecting drug loading, providing valuable guidelines for future CSNPs' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ellin Febrina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Siti Nurhasanah
- Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Dolih Gozali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Zhou T, Wu X, Liu S, Wang A, Liu Y, Zhou W, Sun K, Li S, Zhou J, Li B, Jiang J. Biomass-Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn-Air Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301779. [PMID: 38416074 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Given the growing environmental and energy problems, developing clean, renewable electrochemical energy storage devices is of great interest. Zn-air batteries (ZABs) have broad prospects in energy storage because of their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. The unavailability of cheap air electrode materials and effective and stable oxygen electrocatalysts to catalyze air electrodes are main barriers to large-scale implementation of ZABs. Due to the abundant biomass resources, self-doped heteroatoms, and unique pore structure, biomass-derived catalytically active carbon materials (CACs) have great potential to prepare carbon-based catalysts and porous electrodes with excellent performance for ZABs. This paper reviews the research progress of biomass-derived CACs applied to ZABs air electrodes. Specifically, the principle of ZABs and the source and preparation method of biomass-derived CACs are introduced. To prepare efficient biomass-based oxygen electrocatalysts, heteroatom doping and metal modification were introduced to improve the efficiency and stability of carbon materials. Finally, the effects of electron transfer number and H2O2 yield in ORR on the performance of ZABs were evaluated. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the advantages and challenges of biomass-derived CACs in the air electrodes of ZABs, promote more comprehensive research on biomass resources, and accelerate the commercial application of ZABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xianli Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuling Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ao Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Wenshu Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
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Yu L, Song Y, Bi J, Gao Y, Jiang C, Yang Z, Qi H, Yu H, Yang W, Gong Q, Shi C, Wang M. Exploring the potent hydrolytic activity of chitosan-cerium complex microspheres resin for organophosphorus pesticide degradation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33642. [PMID: 39027539 PMCID: PMC11255554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biocompatible, non-toxic and renewable natural basic polysaccharide that can be cross-linked and reacted with Ce(IV) to form a physiologically active chitosan-Ce(IV) complex. To investigate this novel complex and its potential to hydrolyze phosphate ester bonds, chitosan-cerium complex microspheres resin (CS-CCMR) was prepared from chitosan and ceric ammonium nitrate by reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization. CS-CCMR was characterized, its ability to hydrolyze disodium p-nitrobenzene phosphate (PNPP2Na) and organophosphorus pesticides was investigated, and the hydrolytic mechanism was explored. CS-CCMR was composed of dark yellow microspheres with smooth surfaces and dense pores. It was found that CS-CCMR contained 4.507 mg/g Ce(IV), indicating that coordination polymerization between Ce(IV) and chitosan was successful. The presence of Ce(IV) in CS-CCMR was confirmed by multiple analytical methods and it was found that coordination of Ce(IV) by chitosan was mediated by the nitrogen atom of the amino group and the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of chitosan. It was shown that CS-CCMR efficiently hydrolyzed the phosphate ester bonds of PNPP2Na and five organophosphorus pesticides. Hydrolysis of PNPP2Na is potentially accomplished by charge neutralization and nucleophilic substitution. The mechanism of parathion degradation by CS-CCMR involves modification of the nitro group to give aminoparathion, followed by cleavage of the P-O bond to generate diazinphos. Consequently, the novel chitosan-Ce(IV) complex exhibits great efficiency for hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds and CS-CCMR is expected to be developed as an agent to reduce the possibility of contamination of fruit and vegetable drinks by organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Jie Bi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Hongtao Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Shandong Innovation and Entrepreneurship Community of Science and Technology Special Commissioner, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Qingxuan Gong
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Chengren Shi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
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Barzegar G, Dehghanifard E, Esrafili A, Kermani M, Sanaei D, Kalantary RR. Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction performance through eco-friendly chitosan gel-assisted molten salt strategy: Small NiCo alloy nanoparticles decorated with high-loading single Fe-N X. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131481. [PMID: 38599431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We developed an effective and eco-friendly strategy using chitosan gel-molten salt to achieve high loading (2.23 At. %) of single Fe-NX as assistive active sites. These sites were combined with small NiCo alloy NPs distributed on porous carbon aerogels to boost the ORR performance. The FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere exhibits exceptional mass activity and specific activity of 3.705 A.mg-1 and 8.79 mA.cm-2(ECSA), respectively, at 0.85 V versus RHE. It has a superior onset potential of 1.08 V versus RHE, surpassing that of its nanoparticle Fe counterpart and NiCo alloy@N-C sphere. The significant improvement in ORR performance of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere could be attributed to the positive effects of increased lattice strain due to the single atoms of Fe-NX hybridized with small NiCo alloy NPs. The chitosan gel-assisted molten salt strategy and assistive active sites of Fe-NX hybridized with NiCo alloy NPs regulate the electronic properties of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere, both geometrically via lattice strain mismatch and electronically through shifting of the d-band center. This could influence the binding energies for oxygen and/or oxygen reduction intermediate adsorption/desorption. The additional improvement in the ORR performance of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere also benefits from having a lower electrochemical activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelavizh Barzegar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Dehghanifard
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Sanaei
- Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH. Comprehensive Insights and Advancements in Gel Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Gels 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38247786 PMCID: PMC10815738 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous worldwide demands for more clean energy urge researchers and engineers to seek various energy applications, including electrocatalytic processes. Traditional energy-active materials, when combined with conducting materials and non-active polymeric materials, inadvertently leading to reduced interaction between their active and conducting components. This results in a drop in active catalytic sites, sluggish kinetics, and compromised mass and electronic transport properties. Furthermore, interaction between these materials could increase degradation products, impeding the efficiency of the catalytic process. Gels appears to be promising candidates to solve these challenges due to their larger specific surface area, three-dimensional hierarchical accommodative porous frameworks for active particles, self-catalytic properties, tunable electronic and electrochemical properties, as well as their inherent stability and cost-effectiveness. This review delves into the strategic design of catalytic gel materials, focusing on their potential in advanced energy conversion and storage technologies. Specific attention is given to catalytic gel material design strategies, exploring fundamental catalytic approaches for energy conversion processes such as the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and more. This comprehensive review not only addresses current developments but also outlines future research strategies and challenges in the field. Moreover, it provides guidance on overcoming these challenges, ensuring a holistic understanding of catalytic gel materials and their role in advancing energy conversion and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Lv T, Yin K, Feng N, Sun X, Zhou J, Li H. Carbon Dot-Based Hydrogels: Preparations, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207048. [PMID: 36709483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have extremely high moisture content, which makes it very soft and excellently biocompatible. They have become an important soft material and have a wide range of applications in various fields such as biomedicine, bionic smart material, and electrochemistry. Carbon dot (CD)-based hydrogels are based on carbon dots (CDs) and auxiliary substances, forming a gel material with comprehensive properties of individual components. CDs embedding in hydrogels could not only solve their aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, but also manipulate the properties of hydrogels and even bring some novel properties, achieving a win-win situation. In this review, the preparation methods, formation mechanism, and properties of CD-based hydrogels, and their applications in biomedicine, sensing, adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis -are summarized. Finally, a brief discussion on future research directions of CD-based hydrogels will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Tingjie Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Keyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Lu J, Xu S, Zhang W, Gao D. Carbon-based composites for rechargeable zinc-air batteries: A mini review. Front Chem 2022; 10. [PMID: 36465872 PMCID: PMC9709201 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1074984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have gained a significant amount of attention as next-generation energy conversion and storage devices owing to their high energy density and environmental friendliness, as well as their safety and low cost. The performance of ZABs is dominated by oxygen electrocatalysis, which includes the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts that are both highly active and stable. Carbon-based materials are regarded as reliable candidates because of their superior electrical conductivity, low price, and high durability. In this Review, we briefly introduce the configuration of ZABs and the reaction mechanism of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts. Then, the most recent developments in carbon-based bifunctional catalysts are summarized in terms of carbon-based metal composites, carbon-based metal oxide composites, and other carbon-based composites. In the final section, we go through the significant obstacles and potential future developments for carbon-based bifunctional oxygen catalysts for ZABs.
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Zhang M, Xuan X, Yi X, Sun J, Wang M, Nie Y, Zhang J, Sun X. Carbon Aerogels as Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Applications: Recent Developments and Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2721. [PMID: 35957152 PMCID: PMC9370447 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon aerogel (CA) based materials have multiple advantages, including high porosity, tunable molecular structures, and environmental compatibility. Increasing interest, which has focused on CAs as electrocatalysts for sustainable applications including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has recently been raised. However, a systematic review covering the most recent progress to boost CA-based electrocatalysts for ORR/OER/HER/CO2RR is now absent. To eliminate the gap, this critical review provides a timely and comprehensive summarization of the applications, synthesis methods, and principles. Furthermore, prospects for emerging synthesis, screening, and construction methods are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xibin Yi
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinqiang Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yihao Nie
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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