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Liu H, Yu B, Zhou C, Deng Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Wang K. Nickel atom-clusters nanozyme for boosting ferroptosis tumor therapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101137. [PMID: 39040221 PMCID: PMC11260854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The translation of Fe-based agents for ferroptosis tumor therapy is restricted by the unstable iron valence state, the harsh catalytic environment, and the complex tumor self-protection mechanism. Herein, we developed a stable nickel-based single-atom-metal-clusters (NSAMCs) biocatalyst for efficient tumor ferroptosis therapy. NSAMCs with a nanowire-like nanostructure and hydrophilic functional groups exhibit good water-solubility, colloidal stability, negligible systemic toxicity, and target specificity. In particular, NSAMCs possess excellent peroxidase-like and glutathione oxidase-like activities through the synergistic influence between metal clusters and single atoms. The dual-enzymatic performance enables NSAMCs to synergistically promote efficient ferroptosis of cancer cells through lipid peroxidization aggregation and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation. Importantly, NSAMCs highlight the boost of ferroptosis tumor therapy via the synergistic effect between single-atoms and metal clusters, providing a practical and feasible paradigm for further improving the efficiency of ferroptosis tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Can Zhou
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya and Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, PR China
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2
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Bu JW, Wang ZG, Liu HY, Liu SL. Metal nanozymes modulation of reactive oxygen species as promising strategies for cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124453. [PMID: 39013531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes, nanostructured materials emulating natural enzyme activities, exhibit potential in catalyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for cancer treatment. By facilitating oxidative reactions, elevating ROS levels, and influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME), nanozymes foster the eradication of cancer cells. Noteworthy are their superior stability, ease of preservation, and cost-effectiveness compared to natural enzymes, rendering them invaluable for medical applications. This comprehensive review intricately explores the interplay between ROS and tumor therapy, with a focused examination of metal-based nanozyme strategies mitigating tumor hypoxia. It provides nuanced insights into diverse catalytic processes, mechanisms, and surface modifications of various metal nanozymes, shedding light on their role in intra-tumoral ROS generation and applications in antioxidant therapy. The review concludes by delineating specific potential prospects and challenges associated with the burgeoning use of metal nanozymes in future tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Bu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China; College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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Liu H, Yu B, Yang P, Yang Y, Deng Z, Zhang X, Wang K, Wang H. Axial O Atom-Modulated Fe(III)-N 4 Sites for Enhanced Cascade Catalytic 1O 2-Induced Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2307254. [PMID: 38946659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The rational construction of efficient hypoxia-tolerant nanocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen (1O2) without external stimuli is of great importance for tumor therapy. Herein, uniformly dispersed and favorable biosafety profile graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots immobilized with Fe-N4 moieties modulated by axial O atom (denoted as O-Fe-N4) are developed for converting H2O2 into 1O2 via Russell reaction, without introducing external energy. Notably, O-Fe-N4 performs two interconnected catalytic properties: glutathione oxidase-mimic activity to provide substrate for subsequent 1O2 generation, avoiding the blunting anticancer efficacy by glutathione. The O-Fe-N4 catalyst demonstrates a specific activity of 79.58 U mg-1 at pH 6.2, outperforming the most reported Fe-N4 catalysts. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the axial O atom can effectively modulate the relative position and electron affinity between Fe and N, lowering the activation energy, strengthening the selectivity, and thus facilitating the Russell-type reaction. The gratifying enzymatic activity stemming from the well-defined Fe-N/O structure can inhibit tumor proliferation by efficiently downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 activity and inducing lipid peroxidation. Altogether, the O-Fe-N4 catalyst not only represents an efficient platform for self-cascaded catalysis to address the limitations of 1O2-involved cancer treatment but also provides a paradigm to enhance the performance of the Fe-N4 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Pengqi Yang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
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Xie Q, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhou D, Zhao Y, Liu H, Duan J, Yu D, Sang Y. Ultrasmall Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles self-assembly induced dual-mode T 1/T 2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced tumor synergetic theranostics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10646. [PMID: 38724530 PMCID: PMC11082189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual theranostic agents with dual-mode MRI responses and therapeutic efficacy have attracted extensive interest due to the real-time monitor and high effective treatment, which endow the providential treatment and avoid the repeated medication with side effects. However, it is difficult to achieve the integrated strategy of MRI and therapeutic drug due to complicated synthesis route, low efficiency and potential biosafety issues. In this study, novel self-assembled ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoclusters were developed for tumor-targeted dual-mode T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided synergetic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy. The self-assembled ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoclusters synthesized by facilely modifying ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) molecule possess long-term stability and mass production ability. The proposed ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoclusters shows excellent dual-mode T1 and T2 MRI capacities as well as favorable CDT ability due to the appropriate size effect and the abundant Fe ion on the surface of ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoclusters. After conjugation with the tumor targeting ligand Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox), the functionalized Fe3O4 nanoclusters achieve enhanced tumor accumulation and retention effects and synergetic CDT and chemotherapy function, which serve as a powerful integrated theranostic platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong BIOBASE Biology Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Qingzhou Peoples`S Hospital, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Gaorui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Ansari MA, Shoaib S, Chauhan W, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Alomary MN, Alasiri G, Ahmed N, Jahan R, Yusuf N, Islam N. Nanozymes and carbon-dots based nanoplatforms for cancer imaging, diagnosis and therapeutics: Current trends and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117522. [PMID: 37967707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients face a significant clinical and socio-economic burden due to increased incidence, mortality, and poor survival. Factors like late diagnosis, recurrence, drug resistance, severe side effects, and poor bioavailability limit the scope of current therapies. There is a need for novel, cost-effective, and safe diagnostic methods, therapeutics to overcome recurrence and drug resistance, and drug delivery vehicles with enhanced bioavailability and less off-site toxicity. Advanced nanomaterial-based research is aiding cancer biologists by providing solutions for issues like hypoxia, tumor microenvironment, low stability, poor penetration, target non-specificity, and rapid drug clearance. Currently, nanozymes and carbon-dots are attractive due to their low cost, high catalytic activity, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. Nanozymes and carbon-dots are increasingly used in imaging, biosensing, diagnosis, and targeted cancer therapy. Integrating these materials with advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans and MRIs can aid in clinical decision-making and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, photothermal, photodynamic, and sonodynamic therapies, with minimal invasion and reduced collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waseem Chauhan
- Division of Hematology, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, Collage of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roshan Jahan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Meng X, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Wang X, Lin Y, Shi X, Lin W, Zhang M, Wang H. Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanodoughnut as a NIR-II Responsive Nanozyme for Synergistic Chemodynamic-Photothermal Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301926. [PMID: 37552521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite-based nanozymes have attracted great interest for catalytic cancer therapy enabled by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to kill tumor cells. However, their therapeutic efficacies remain low due to insufficient •OH. Here, a light-responsive carbon-encapsulated magnetite nanodoughnuts (CEMNDs) with dual-catalytic activities for photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. The CEMNDs can accumulate in tumor and get into tumor cells and effectively act as peroxidase to convert H2 O2 to •OH that causes tumor cell death. The CEMNDs also possess intrinsic glutathione oxidase-like activity that which catalyzes the oxidation of reduced glutathione and produce lipid peroxidase for enhanced catalytic therapy. Furthermore, the CEMNDs can absorb 1064 nm light to elevate local temperature and increase release of Fe ions for photothermal therapy and enhanced CDT respectively. The in vivo experiments in an aggressive and drug-resistant metastatic mouse model of triple negative breast cancer model demonstrate excellent synergistic anti-tumor function and no measurable systemic toxicity of CEMNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Meng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenchu Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
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Lai Y, Wang J, Yue N, Zhang Q, Wu J, Qi W, Su R. Glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes: mechanism, classification, and bioapplication. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2292-2316. [PMID: 36790050 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanozymes is developing rapidly. In particular, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like nanozymes, which catalytically reduce H2O2/organic hydroperoxides to H2O/alcohols, have attracted considerable attention. GPx-like nanozymes are powerful antioxidant enzymes known to combat oxidative stress. They have broad applications, including cytoprotection, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, tumor therapy, and anti-aging. Although much progress has been made, GPx-like nanozymes have not been well discussed or fully reviewed as other nanozymes. This review aims to summarize recent advances on GPx-like nanozymes from the vantage point of mechanism, classification, and bioapplication. Future prospects for advancing their design and application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
| | - Jiangjiexing Wu
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China. .,School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China. .,School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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