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Zhang Y, Cao K, Yang M, Hong H, Shen Y, Ning H, Xia J, Chen S. In Situ Polymerization Strategy for Improving the Stability of Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32240-32248. [PMID: 38877977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sn-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs) have received increasing attention due to their nontoxicity and potentially high efficiency. However, the poor stability of Sn2+ ions remains a major problem in achieving stable and efficient Sn-PSCs. Herein, an in situ polymerization strategy using allyl thiourea and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking agents in the Sn-based perovskite precursor is proposed to improve the device performance of Sn-PSCs. The C═S and N-H bonds of the cross-linkers are able to coordinate with SnI2 and inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+, thereby reducing defect density and improving the stability of Sn-based perovskite films. The high quality of the perovskite film induced by the in situ polymerization strategy delivers an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 7.50 to 9.22%. More importantly, the unpackaged device with cross-linkers maintained more than 70% of the initial PCE after 150 h of AM 1.5G light soaking in a nitrogen atmosphere and 80% of the initial PCE after 1800 h in dark conditions. This work demonstrates that the in situ polymerization strategy is an effective method to enhance the stability of Sn-based perovskite films and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haosong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junmin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chen Y, Tong Y, Yang F, Li T, Li W, Qi H, Kang Z, Wang H, Wang K. Modulating Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Tin Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5460-5466. [PMID: 38669564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The performance of tin halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been severely limited by the rapid crystallization of tin perovskites, which usually leads to an undesirable film quality. In this work, we tackle this issue by regulating the nucleation and crystal growth of tin perovskite films using a small Lewis base additive, urea. The urea-SnI2 interaction facilitates the formation of larger and more uniform clusters, thus accelerating the nucleation process. Additionally, the crystal growth process is extended, resulting in a high-quality tin perovskite film with compact morphology, increased crystallinity, and reduced defects. Consequently, the efficiency of tin PSCs is significantly increased from 10.42% to 14.22%. This work highlights the importance of manipulating the nucleation and crystal growth of tin perovskites to realize efficient tin PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Heng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Qi H, Wang K, Kang Z, Pan G, Everett CR, Müller-Buschbaum P, Tong Y, Wang H. Multifunctional Buried Interface Modification Enables Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300029. [PMID: 37208789 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered promising candidates to promote lead-free perovskite photovoltaics. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is limited by the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and low quality of tin perovskite film. Herein, an ultra-thin 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ImAcCl) layer is used to modify the buried interface in tin PSCs, which can induce multifunctional improvements and remarkably enhance the PCE. The carboxylate group (CO) and the hydrogen bond donor (NH) in ImAcCl can interact with tin perovskites, thus significantly suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ and reducing the trap density in perovskite films. The interfacial roughness is reduced, which contributes to a high-quality tin perovskite film with increased crystallinity and compactness. In addition, the buried interface modification can modulate the crystal dimensionality, favoring the formation of large bulk-like crystals instead of low-dimensional ones in tin perovskite films. Therefore, the charge carrier transport is effectively promoted and the charge carrier recombination is suppressed. Eventually, tin PSCs show a remarkably enhanced PCE from 10.12% to 12.08%. This work highlights the importance of buried interface engineering and provides an effective way to realize efficient tin PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Heng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Ziyong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Guangjiu Pan
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher R Everett
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Wang Q, Qiu P, Luo X, Zheng C, Wang S, Ren X, Gao J, Lu X, Gao X, Shui L, Wu S, Liu JM. Mutually Tuned Dual Additive Engineering Synergistically Enhances the Photovoltaic Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45064-45075. [PMID: 37710994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Tin-based perovskite solar cells (T-PSCs) have become the star photovoltaic products in recent years due to their low environmental toxicity and superior photovoltaic performance. However, the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and the energy level mismatch between the perovskite film and charge transport layer limit its efficiency. In order to regulate the microstructure and photoelectric properties of tin-based perovskite films to enhance the efficiency and stability of T-PSCs, guanidinium bromide (GABr) and organic Lewis-based additive methylamine cyanate (MAOCN) are introduced into the FA0.9PEA0.1SnI3-based perovskite precursor. A series of characterizations show that the interactions between additive molecules and perovskite mutually reconcile to improve the photovoltaic performance of T-PSCs. The introduction of GABr can adjust the band gap of the perovskite film and energy level alignment of T-PSCs. They significantly increase the open-circuit voltage (Voc). The MAOCN material can form hydrogen bonds with SnI2 in the precursor, which can inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+ and significantly improve the short-circuit current density (Jsc). The synergistic modulation of the dual additives reduces the trap-state density and improves photovoltaic performance, resulting in an increased champion efficiency of 9.34 for 5.22% of the control PSCs. The unencapsulated T-PSCs with GABr and MAOCN dual additives prepared in the optimized process can retain more than 110% of their initial efficiency after aging for 1750 h in a nitrogen glovebox, but the control PSCs maintain only 50% of their initial efficiency kept in the same conditions. This work provides a new perspective to further improve the efficiency and stability of T-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Ma M, Zeng Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, Ma Y, Wu S, Liu C, Mai Y. Dendrimer Modification Strategy Based on the Understanding of the Photovoltaic Mechanism of a Perovskite Device under Full Sun and Indoor Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37197996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The wide-band-gap inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite material provides a highly matched absorption range with the indoor light spectrum and is expected to be used in the fabrication of highly efficient indoor photovoltaic cells (IPVs) and self-powered low-power Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. However, the defects that cause nonradiative recombination and ion migration are assumed to form leakage loss channels, resulting in a severe impact on the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and the fill factor (FF) of IPVs. Herein, we introduce poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with multiple passivation sites to fully repair the leakage channels in the devices, taking into account the characteristics of IPVs that are extremely sensitive to nonradiative recombination and shunt resistance. The as-optimized IPVs demonstrate a promising PCE of 35.71% under a fluorescent light source (1000 lux), with VOC increased from 0.99 to 1.06 V and FF improved from 75.21 to 84.39%. The present work provides insight into the photovoltaic mechanism of perovskites under full sun and indoor light, which provides guidance for perovskite photovoltaic technology with industrialization prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Ma
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yilin Zeng
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuzhao Yang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yujiao Ma
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaohua Mai
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ayaydah W, Raddad E, Hawash Z. Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells towards High Stability and Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:806. [PMID: 37421039 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed rapid development in the field of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) due to their environmental friendliness and tremendous potential in the photovoltaic field. Most of the high-performance PSCs are based on lead as the light-absorber material. However, the toxicity of lead and the commercialization raise concerns about potential health and environmental hazards. TPSCs can maintain all the optoelectronic properties of lead PSCs, as well as feature a favorable smaller bandgap. However, TPSCs tend to undergo rapid oxidation, crystallization, and charge recombination, which make it difficult to unlock the full potential of such perovskites. Here, we shed light on the most critical features and mechanisms affecting the growth, oxidation, crystallization, morphology, energy levels, stability, and performance of TPSCs. We also investigate the recent strategies, such as interfaces and bulk additives, built-in electric field, and alternative charge transport materials that are used to enhance the performance of the TPSCs. More importantly, we have summarized most of the recent best-performing lead-free and lead-mixed TPSCs. This review aims to help future research in TPSCs to produce highly stable and efficient solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa' Ayaydah
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
| | - Eman Raddad
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
| | - Zafer Hawash
- Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah 71939, Palestine
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Macdonald TJ, Lanzetta L, Liang X, Ding D, Haque SA. Engineering Stable Lead-Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Lessons from Materials Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206684. [PMID: 36458662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituting toxic lead with tin (Sn) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the most promising route toward the development of high-efficiency lead-free devices. Despite the encouraging efficiencies of Sn-PSCs, they are still yet to surpass 15% and suffer detrimental oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV). Since their first application in 2014, investigations into the properties of Sn-PSCs have contributed to a growing understanding of the mechanisms, both detrimental and complementary to their stability. This review summarizes the evolution of Sn-PSCs, including early developments to the latest state-of-the-art approaches benefitting the stability of devices. The degradation pathways associated with Sn-PSCs are first outlined, followed by describing how composition engineering (A, B site modifications), additive engineering (oxidation prevention), and interface engineering (passivation strategies) can be employed as different avenues to improve the stability of devices. The knowledge about these properties is also not limited to PSCs and also applicable to other types of devices now employing Sn-based perovskite absorber layers. A detailed analysis of the properties and materials chemistry reveals a clear set of design rules for the development of stable Sn-PSCs. Applying the design strategies highlighted in this review will be essential to further improve both the efficiency and stability of Sn-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xinxing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Baranwal AK, Hayase S. Recent Advancements in Tin Halide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells and Thermoelectric Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4055. [PMID: 36432341 PMCID: PMC9694716 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The excellent optoelectronic properties of tin halide perovskites (Sn-PVKs) have made them a promising candidate for replacing toxic Pb counterparts. Concurrently, their enormous potential in photon harvesting and thermoelectricity applications has attracted increasing attention. The optoelectronic properties of Sn-PVKs are governed by the flexible nature of SnI6 octahedra, and they exhibit extremely low thermal conductivity. Due to these diverse applications, this review first analyzes the structural properties, optoelectronic properties, defect physics, and thermoelectric properties of Sn-PVKs. Then, recent techniques developed to solve limitations with Sn-PVK-based devices to improve their photoelectric and thermoelectric performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of Sn-PVK-based devices are discussed.
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