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Walter AD, Schwenk GR, Liu Y, Bugallo Ferron D, Wilk JT, Ferrer LM, Li CY, Hu YJ, Barsoum MW. Concentration-Dependent Control of the Band Gap Energy of a Low-Dimensional Lepidocrocite Titanate. ACS NANO 2025. [PMID: 39818710 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the simple, scalable synthesis of quantum-confined one-dimensional (1D) lepidocrocite titanate nanofilaments (1DLs). Herein, we show, using solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, that reducing the concentration of aqueous 1DL colloidal suspensions from 40 to 0.01 g/L increases the band gap energy and light absorption onset of dried filtered films from ≈3.5 to ≈4.5 eV. This range is ascribed to quantum confinement as the system transitions from two-dimensional (2D) into 1D with dilution. It is only after the colloidal suspensions are dried and the 1DLs start to self-assemble into ribbons and sheets that the band gap values change. This self-assembly is manifested in the X-ray diffraction patterns and the emergence of a Raman band characteristic of 2D lepidocrocite titanates. In colloidal form, 1DLs exhibit a lyotropic liquid crystal phase with a critical concentration of between 10 and 1 g/L. Additionally, the Beer-Lambert law applies with a mass absorbance coefficient of 2 ± 0.4 Lg-1 cm-1. The optical absorbance edges of the colloidal suspensions are not a function of concentration. The experimental findings are theoretically supported by density functional theory calculations of the Raman vibrational modes and electronic band structures of the 1D and 2D lepidocrocite titanate atomic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Walter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gregory R Schwenk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yuanren Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Bugallo Ferron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Wilk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lucas M Ferrer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yong-Jie Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michel W Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Mieles M, Walter AD, Wu S, Zheng Y, Schwenk GR, Barsoum MW, Ji HF. Hydronium-Crosslinked Inorganic Hydrogel Comprised of 1D Lepidocrocite Titanate Nanofilaments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409897. [PMID: 39494971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
When a few drops of acid (hydrochloric, acrylic, propionic, acetic, or formic) are added to a colloid comprised of 1D lepidocrocite titanate nanofilaments (1DLs)-2 × 2 TiO6 octahedra in cross-section-a hydrogel forms, in many cases, within seconds. The 1DL synthesis process requires the reaction between titanium diboride with tetramethylammonium (TMA+), hydroxide. Using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the mass percent of TMA+ after synthesis is determined to be ≈ 13.1 ± 0.1%. The TMA+ is completely removed from the gels after 2 water soak cycles, resulting in the first completely inorganic, TiO2-based hydrogels. Ion exchanging the TMA+ with hydronium results in gels with relatively strong hydrogen bonds. The hydrogels' compression strengths increased linearly with 1DL colloid concentration. At a 1DL concentration of 45 g L-1, the compressive strength, at 80% deformation when acrylic acid is used, is ≈325 kPa. The strengths are ≈ 50% greater after the TMA+ is removed. The removal of all residual organic components in the hydrogels, including TMA+, is confirmed by qNMR, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and TGA/DSC. The 1DL phase is retained after gelation, TMA+ removal, and 80% compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mieles
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam D Walter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simeng Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Schwenk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michel W Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hai-Feng Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Luo Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fang B. Sodium-Ion Battery at Low Temperature: Challenges and Strategies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1604. [PMID: 39404331 PMCID: PMC11478248 DOI: 10.3390/nano14191604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant interest due to their potential as viable alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), particularly in environments where low-temperature (LT) performance is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research on LT SIBs, focusing on electrode materials, electrolytes, and operational challenges specific to sub-zero conditions. Recent advancements in electrode materials, such as carbon-based materials and titanium-based materials, are discussed for their ability to enhance ion diffusion kinetics and overall battery performance at colder temperatures. The critical role of electrolyte formulation in maintaining battery efficiency and stability under extreme cold is highlighted, alongside strategies to mitigate capacity loss and cycle degradation. Future research directions underscore the need for further improvements in energy density and durability and scalable manufacturing processes to facilitate commercial adoption. Overall, LT SIBs represent a promising frontier in energy storage technology, with ongoing efforts aimed at overcoming technical barriers to enable widespread deployment in cold-climate applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Yalong Zheng
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yichao Luo
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yaru Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhoulu Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Baizeng Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Schwenk GR, Walter AD, Barsoum MW. Solvent-Driven Self-Assembly of One-Dimensional Lepidocrocite Titanium-Oxide-Based Nanofilaments. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7584-7592. [PMID: 38775805 PMCID: PMC11212056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the self-assembly of one-dimensional titanium oxide lepidocrocite nanofilaments in 10 different water miscible organic solvents was investigated. The nanofilament snippets, with minimal cross sections of ∼5 × 7 Å2 and lengths around 30 nm, begin as an aqueous colloidal suspension. Upon addition, and brief mixing, of the colloidal suspension into a given solvent, a multitude of morphologies─seemingly based on the hydrophilicity and polarity of the solvent─emerge. These morphologies vary between sheets, highly networked webs, and discrete fibers, all with no apparent change in the lepidocrocite structure. On the micro- and nanoscale, the morphologies are reminiscent of biological, rather than inorganic, materials. The results of this work give insight into the self-assembly of these materials and offer new pathways for novel macrostructures/morphologies assembled from these highly adsorbent and catalytically active low-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel W. Barsoum
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Liu T, Miao L, Yao F, Zhang W, Zhao W, Yang D, Feng Q, Hu D. Structure, Properties, Preparation, and Application of Layered Titanates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1-26. [PMID: 38109856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
As a typical cation-exchangeable layered compound, layered titanate has a unique open layered structure. Its excellent physical and chemical properties allow its wide use in the energy, environmental protection, electronics, biology, and other fields. This paper reviews the recent progress in the research on the structure, synthesis, properties, and application of layered titanates. Various reactivities, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of different synthetic methods are discussed. The reaction mechanism and influencing factors of the ion exchange reaction, intercalation reaction, and exfoliation reaction are analyzed. The latest research progress on layered titanates and their modified products in the fields of photocatalysis, adsorption, electrochemistry, and other applications is summarized. Finally, the future development of layered titanate and its exfoliated product two-dimensional nanosheets is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Lab of Environmental Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8581, Japan
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Desuo Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Dengwei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
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