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Skibińska K, Żabiński P. Nanocones: A Compressive Review of Their Electrochemical Synthesis and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3089. [PMID: 38998173 PMCID: PMC11242391 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The development in the field of nanomaterials has resulted in the synthesis of various structures. Depending on their final applications, the desired composition and therefore alternate properties can be achieved. In electrochemistry, the fabrication of bulk films characterized by high catalytic performance is well-studied in the literature. However, decreasing the scale of materials to the nanoscale significantly increases the active surface area, which is crucial in electrocatalysis. In this work, a special focus is placed on the electrodeposition of nanocones and their application as catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions. The main paths for their synthesis concern deposition into the templates and from electrolytes containing an addition of crystal modifier that are directly deposited on the substrate. Additionally, the fabrication of cones using other methods and their applications are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skibińska
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous-Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Zhao P, Gong S, Zhang C, Chen S, Cheng P. Roles of Wettability and Wickability on Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27898-27907. [PMID: 38749009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bubble dynamics significantly impact mass transfer and energy conversion in electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Micro-/nanostructured surfaces with extreme wettability have been employed as gas-evolving electrodes to promote bubble departure and decrease the bubble-induced overpotential. However, effects of the electrodes' wickability on the electrochemical reaction performances remain elusive. In this work, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances are experimentally investigated using micropillar array electrodes with varying interpillar spacings, and effects of the electrodes' wettability, wickability as well as bubble adhesion are discussed. A deep learning-based object detection model was used to obtain bubble counts and bubble departure size distributions. We show that microstructures on the electrode have little effect on the total bubble counts and bubble size distribution characteristics at low current densities. At high current densities, however, micropillar array electrodes have much higher total bubble counts and smaller bubble departure sizes compared with the flat electrode. We also demonstrate that surface wettability is a critical factor influencing HER performances under low current densities, where bubbles exist in an isolated regime. Under high current densities, where bubbles are in an interacting regime, the wickability of the micropillar array electrodes emerges as a determining factor. This work elucidates the roles of surface wettability and wickability on enhancing electrochemical performances, providing guidelines for the optimal design of micro-/nanostructured electrodes in various gas evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Bashkatov A, Park S, Demirkır Ç, Wood JA, Koper MTM, Lohse D, Krug D. Performance Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution through Coalescence-Induced Bubble Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10177-10186. [PMID: 38538570 PMCID: PMC11009962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of electrogenerated gas bubbles during water electrolysis can significantly hamper the overall process efficiency. Promoting the departure of electrochemically generated bubbles during (water) electrolysis is therefore beneficial. For a single bubble, a departure from the electrode surface occurs when buoyancy wins over the downward-acting forces (e.g., contact, Marangoni, and electric forces). In this work, the dynamics of a pair of H2 bubbles produced during the hydrogen evolution reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4 using a dual platinum microelectrode system is systematically studied by varying the electrode distance and the cathodic potential. By combining high-speed imaging and electrochemical analysis, we demonstrate the importance of bubble-bubble interactions in the departure process. We show that bubble coalescence may lead to substantially earlier bubble departure as compared to buoyancy effects alone, resulting in considerably higher reaction rates at a constant potential. However, due to continued mass input and conservation of momentum, repeated coalescence events with bubbles close to the electrode may drive departed bubbles back to the surface beyond a critical current, which increases with the electrode spacing. The latter leads to the resumption of bubble growth near the electrode surface, followed by buoyancy-driven departure. While less favorable at small electrode spacing, this configuration proves to be very beneficial at larger separations, increasing the mean current up to 2.4 times compared to a single electrode under the conditions explored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bashkatov
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Sunghak Park
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Çayan Demirkır
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Dominik Krug
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
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Heinrich J, Ränke F, Schwarzenberger K, Yang X, Baumann R, Marzec M, Lasagni AF, Eckert K. Functionalization of Ti64 via Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Its Influence on Wettability and Oxygen Bubble Nucleation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2918-2929. [PMID: 38295345 PMCID: PMC10867896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The nucleation of bubbles on solid surfaces is an important phenomenon in nature and technological processes like electrolysis. During proton-exchange membrane electrolysis, the nucleation and separation of the electrically nonconductive oxygen in the anodic cycle plays a crucial role to minimize the overpotential it causes in the system. This increases the efficiency of the process, making renewable energy sources and the "power-to-gas" strategy more viable. A promising approach is to optimize gas separation by surface functionalization in order to apply a more advantageous interface to industrial materials. In this work, the connection between the wettability and bubble nucleation of oxygen is investigated. For tailoring the wettability of Ti64 substrates, the direct laser interference patterning method is applied. A laser source with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to generate periodic pillar-like structures with different depths up to ∼5 μm. The resulting surface properties are characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and X-ray photon spectroscopy. It was possible to generate structures with a water contact angle ranging from 20° up to nearly superhydrophobic conditions. The different wettabilities are validated based on X-ray photon spectroscopy and the different elemental composition of the samples. The results indicate that the surface character of the substrate adapts depending on the surrounding media and needs more time to reach a steady state for deeper structures. A custom setup is used to expose the functionalized surfaces to oxygen-oversaturated solutions. It is shown that a higher hydrophobicity of the structured surface yields a stronger interaction with the dissolved gas. This significantly enhances the oxygen nucleation up to nearly 350% by generating approximately 20 times more nucleation spots, but also smaller bubble sizes and a reduced detachment rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Heinrich
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Institute
of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Ränke
- Institute
of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarzenberger
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Institute
of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuegeng Yang
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Institute
of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Baumann
- Institute
of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrés Fabián Lasagni
- Institute
of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- Institute
of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Cheng X, Du ZD, Ding Y, Li FY, Hua ZS, Liu H. Bubble Management for Electrolytic Water Splitting by Surface Engineering: A Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16994-17008. [PMID: 38050682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
During electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of bubbles possesses great importance to reduce the overpotential and improve the stability of the electrode. Bubble evolution is accomplished by nucleation, growth, and detachment. The expanding nucleation sites, decreasing bubble size, and timely detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface are key factors in bubble management. Recently, the surface engineering of electrodes has emerged as a promising strategy for bubble management in practical water splitting due to its reliability and efficiency. In this review, we start with a discussion of the bubble behavior on the electrodes during water splitting. Then we summarize recent progress in the management of bubbles from the perspective of surface physical (electrocatalytic surface morphology) and surface chemical (surface composition) considerations, focusing on the surface texture design, three-dimensional construction, wettability coating technology, and functional group modification. Finally, we present the principles of bubble management, followed by an insightful perspective and critical challenges for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-de Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Hua
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
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