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Cheng L, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Liu S, Yan X, Yu W. Hyperbranched Vitrimer for Ultrahigh Energy Dissipation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406937. [PMID: 38656692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Polymers are ideally utilized as damping materials due to the high internal friction of molecular chains, enabling effective suppression of vibrations and noises in various fields. Current strategies rely on broadening the glass transition region or introducing additional relaxation components to enhance the energy dissipation capacity of polymeric damping materials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve high damping efficiency through structural control while maintaining dynamic characteristics. In this work, we propose a new strategy to develop hyperbranched vitrimers (HBVs) containing dense pendant chains and loose dynamic crosslinked networks. A novel yet weak dynamic transesterification between the carboxyl and boronic acid ester was confirmed and used to prepare HBVs based on poly (hexyl methacrylate-2-(4-ethenylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane) P(HMA-co-ViCL) copolymers. TheA B n ${{AB}_{n}}$ -type of macromonomers, the crosslinking points formed by the dynamic covalent connection via the associative exchange, and the weak yet dynamic exchange reaction are the three keys to developing high-performance HBV damping materials. We found that P(HMA-co-ViCL) 20k-40-60 HBV exhibited ultrahigh energy-dissipation performance over a broad frequency and temperature range, attributed to the synergistic effect of dense pendant chains and weak dynamic covalent crosslinks. This unique design concept will provide a general approach to developing advanced damping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Xiong
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Hernandez V, Jordan RS, Hill IM, Xu B, Zhai C, Wu D, Lee H, Misiaszek J, Shirzad K, Martinez MF, Kusoglu A, Yeo J, Wang Y. Deformation Rate-Adaptive Conducting Polymers and Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207100. [PMID: 37098606 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Materials are more easily damaged during accidents that involve rapid deformation. Here, a design strategy is described for electronic materials comprised of conducting polymers that defies this orthodox property, making their extensibility and toughness dynamically adaptive to deformation rates. This counterintuitive property is achieved through a morphology of interconnected nanoscopic core-shell micelles, where the chemical interactions are stronger within the shells than the cores. As a result, the interlinked shells retain material integrity under strain, while the rate of dissociation of the cores controls the extent of micelle elongation, which is a process that adapts to deformation rates. A prototype based on polyaniline shows a 7.5-fold increase in ultimate elongation and a 163-fold increase in toughness when deformed at increasing rates from 2.5 to 10 000% min-1 . This concept can be generalized to other conducting polymers and highly conductive composites to create "self-protective" soft electronic materials with enhanced durability under dynamic movement or deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Robert S Jordan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Ian M Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Bohao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Chenxi Zhai
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Hansong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - John Misiaszek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Kiana Shirzad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Miguel F Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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Zhu L, Gao W, Dikin DA, Percec S, Ren F. Anti-Ballistic Performance of PPTA/UHMWPE Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102281. [PMID: 37242856 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are high-performance polymer materials largely used for body armor applications. Although composite structures from a combination of PPTA and UHMWPE have been created and described in the literature, the manufacture of layered composites from PPTA fabrics and UHMWPE films with UHMWPE film as an adhesive layer has not been reported. Such a new design can provide the obvious advantage of simple manufacturing technology. In this study, for the first time, we prepared PPTA fabrics/UHMWPE films laminate panels using plasma treatment and hot-pressing and examined their ballistic performance. Ballistic testing results indicated that samples with moderate interlayer adhesion between PPTA and UHMWPE layers exhibited enhanced performance. A further increase in interlayer adhesion showed a reverse effect. This finding implies that optimization of interface adhesion is essential to achieve maximum impact energy absorption through the delamination process. In addition, it was found that the stacking sequence of the PPTA and UHMWPE layers affected ballistic performance. Samples with PPTA as the outermost layer performed better than those with UHMWPE as the outermost layer. Furthermore, microscopy of the tested laminate samples showed that PPTA fibers exhibited shear cutting failure on the entrance side and tensile failure on the exit side of the panel. UHMWPE films exhibited brittle failure and thermal damage at high compression strain rate on the entrance side and tensile fracture on the exit side. For the first time, findings from this study reported in-field bullet testing results of PPTA/UHMWPE composite panels, which can provide important insights for designing, fabricating, and failure analysis of such composite structures for body armors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Weixiao Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Dmitriy A Dikin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Simona Percec
- Temple Materials Institute, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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