1
|
Shi H, Wang X, Guo H, Yang Y, Yang Y. Antiswelling Photochromic Hydrogels for Underwater Optically Camouflageable Flexible Electronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46810-46821. [PMID: 39178378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Optical camouflage offers an effective strategy for enhancing the survival chances of underwater flexible electronic devices akin to underwater organisms. Photochromism is one of the most effective methods to achieve optical camouflage. In this study, antiswelling hydrogels with photochromic properties were prepared using a two-step solvent replacement strategy and explored as underwater optically camouflaged flexible electronic devices. The hydrophobic network formed upon polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) ensured that the hydrogels possessed outstanding antiswelling properties. Internetwork hydrogen bonding interactions allowed the hydrogels to exhibit tissue-adaptable mechanical properties and excellent self-bonding capabilities. The introduction of polyoxometalates further enhanced the hydrogels' mechanical and self-bonding properties while imparting photochromic capability. The hydrogels could be rapidly and reversibly colored under 365 nm UV irradiation. The bleaching rate of the colored hydrogels increased with temperature, bleaching within 12 h at 60 °C but maintaining the color for more than 5 days at room temperature. The self-bonding and photochromic properties enabled the hydrogels to be easily assembled into optically camouflaged underwater flexible electronic devices for underwater motion sensing and wireless information transmission. An optically camouflaged strain sensor was first assembled for underwater limb motion sensing. Additionally, an underwater optically camouflaged wireless information exchange device was assembled to enable wireless communication with a smartphone. This work provided an effective strategy for the optical camouflage of underwater flexible electronic devices, presenting opportunities for next-generation underwater hydrogel-based flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Center of Characterization and Analysis, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Ma J, Yu D, Li N, Ji X. Transparent, super stretchable, freezing-tolerant, self-healing ionic conductive cellulose based eutectogel for multi-functional sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131129. [PMID: 38574640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a non - toxic and low-cost fabrication of cellulose-based eutectogel through the ZnCl2/H2O/H3PO4 deep eutectic solvent (DES) to dissolve cellulose followed by free-radical polymerization of acrylamide. Particularly, the introduction of cellulose enhances the mechanical properties of eutectogels while eliminating the environmental concerns of the traditional nanocellulose fabrication process. Owing to the dynamic transfer of ions in the eutectogel network, the prepared eutectogels exhibit adjustable conductivity (0.9- 1.37 Sm-1, 15 °C) and stretching sensitivity (Gauge factor = 5.4). The resulting DES - cellulose-based eutectogels (DCEs) exhibited ultra stretchability (4086 %), high toughness (261.3 MJ/m3), excellent ionic conductivity (1.64 Sm-1, 20 °C), high transparency (>85 %), outstanding antifreezing performance (<-80 °C), and other comprehensive characteristics. The DCEs had been proven to have multiple sensitivities to external stimuli, like temperature, strain, and pressure. As a result, the DCEs can be assembled into multifunctional sensors. Moreover, this work also demonstrated the satisfactory performance of DCEs in flexible electroluminescent devices. The low cost and high efficiency made the preparation method of this experiment an efficient strategy for developing high-performance cellulose-based eutectogels, which would greatly promote the application of such materials in areas such as artificial skin for soft robots and other wearable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Cui J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Pan S, Wang M, Bao C, Wei Q. Polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/sodium chloride photochromic hydrogel with high conductivity, anti-freezing property and fast response for information storage and electronic skin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131972. [PMID: 38697436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic hydrogels have promising prospects in areas such as wearable device, information encryption technology, optoelectronic display technology, and electronic skin. However, there are strict requirements for the properties of photochromic hydrogels in practical engineering applications, especially in some extreme application environments. The preparation of photochromic hydrogels with high transparency, high toughness, fast response, colour reversibility, excellent electrical conductivity, and anti-freezing property remains a challenge. In this study, a novel photochromic hydrogel (PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7) was prepared by loading ammonium molybdate (Mo7) and sodium chloride (NaCl) into a dual-network hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and sodium alginate (SA) using a simple one-pot method. PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7 hydrogel has excellent conductivity (175.9 S/cm), water retention capacity and anti-freezing properties, which can work normally at a low temperature of -28.4 °C. In addition, the prepared PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7 hydrogel exhibits fast response (<15 s), high transparency (>70 %), good toughness (maximum elongation up to 1500 %), good cyclic compression properties at high compressive strains (60 %), good biocompatibility (78.5 %), stable reversible discolouration and excellent sensing properties, which can be used for photoelectric display, information storage and motion monitoring. This work provides a new inspiration for the development of flexible electronic skin devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Jiashu Cui
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Siyu Pan
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Chengwei Bao
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Wang X, Lin X, Wang Z, Huang Z, Guo L, Xie H, Xu X, Dong F. Strong and tough poly(vinyl alcohol)/xanthan gum-based ionic conducting hydrogel enabled through the synergistic effect of ion cross-linking and salting out. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130511. [PMID: 38423443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are generally inadequate, leading to their susceptibility to breakage under external forces and consequently resulting in the failure of flexible electronic devices. In this work, a simple and convenient strategy was proposed based on the synergistic effect of ion cross-linking and salting out, in which the hydrogels consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG) were immersed in zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution to obtain ICHs with exceptional mechanical properties. The salt-out effects between PVA chains and SO42- ions along with the cross-linked network of XG chains and Zn2+ ions contribute to the desirable mechanical properties of ICHs. Notably, the mechanical properties of ICHs can be adjusted by changing the concentration of ZnSO4 solution. Consequently, the optimum fracture stress and the fracture energy can reach 3.38 MPa and 12.13 KJ m-2, respectively. Moreover, the ICHs demonstrated a favorable sensitivity (up to 2.05) when utilized as a strain sensor, exhibiting an accurate detection of human body movements across various amplitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Lin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuomin Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Guo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fuhao Dong
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xin Y, Gao W, Zeng G, Chen S, Shi J, Wang W, Ma K, Qu B, Fu J, He X. Multifunctional organohydrogel via the synergy of dialdehyde starch and glycerol for motion monitoring and sign language recognition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129068. [PMID: 38158069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel which belongs to a type of soft materials has recently become promising candidate for flexible electronics application. However, it remains difficult for conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors to achieve the organic unity of large stretchability, high conductivity, self-healing, anti-freezing, anti-drying and transparency. Herein, a multifunctional conductive organohydrogel with all of the above superiorities is prepared by crosslinking polyacrylamide (PAM) with dialdehyde starch (DAS) in glycerol-water binary solvent. Attributing to the synergy of abundant hydrogen bonding and Schiff base interactions caused by introducing glycerol and dialdehyde starch, respectively, the organohydrogel achieved balanced mechanical and electrical properties. Besides, the addition of glycerol promoted the water-locking effects, making the organohydrogel retain the superior mechanical properties and conductivity even at extreme conditions. The resultant organohydrogel strain sensor exhibits desirable sensing performance with high sensitivity (GF = 6.07) over a wide strain range (0-697 %), enabling the accurate monitoring of subtle body motions even at -30 °C. On the basis, a hand gesture monitor system based on the organohydrogel sensors arrays is constructed using machine learning method, achieving a considerable sign language recognition rate of 100 %, and thus providing convenience for communications between the hearing or speaking-impaired and general person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenshuo Gao
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guang Zeng
- School of Information Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shousen Chen
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jijin Shi
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Baoliu Qu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, 22 Dongcheng Village, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Ran B, Lee D, Liao J. Photo-Controllable Smart Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: A Review. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301095. [PMID: 37884456 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, smart hydrogels are being widely studied by researchers because of their advantages such as simple preparation, stable performance, response to external stimuli, and easy control of response behavior. Photo-controllable smart hydrogels (PCHs) are a class of responsive hydrogels whose physical and chemical properties can be changed when stimulated by light at specific wavelengths. Since the light source is safe, clean, simple to operate, and easy to control, PCHs have broad application prospects in the biomedical field. Therefore, this review timely summarizes the latest progress in the PCHs field, with an emphasis on the design principles of typical PCHs and their multiple biomedical applications in tissue regeneration, tumor therapy, antibacterial therapy, diseases diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Meanwhile, the challenges and perspectives of widespread practical implementation of PCHs are presented in biomedical applications. This study hopes that PCHs will flourish in the biomedical field and this review will provide useful information for interested researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Bei Ran
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dashiell Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|