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Marqués-Marchán J, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Bran C, Puttock R, Barton C, Moreno JA, Kosel J, Vazquez M, Kazakova O, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Asenjo A. Distinguishing Local Demagnetization Contribution to the Magnetization Process in Multisegmented Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121968. [PMID: 35745306 PMCID: PMC9229024 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical magnetic nanowires are promising materials that have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications. The versatility of these nanostructures is based on the tunability of their magnetic properties, which is achieved by appropriately selecting their composition and morphology. In addition, stochastic behavior has attracted attention in the development of neuromorphic devices relying on probabilistic magnetization switching. Here, we present a study of the magnetization reversal process in multisegmented CoNi/Cu nanowires. Nonstandard 2D magnetic maps, recorded under an in-plane magnetic field, produce datasets that correlate with magnetoresistance measurements and micromagnetic simulations. From this process, the contribution of the individual segments to the demagnetization process can be distinguished. The results show that the magnetization reversal in these nanowires does not occur through a single Barkhausen jump, but rather by multistep switching, as individual CoNi segments in the NW undergo a magnetization reversal. The existence of vortex states is confirmed by their footprint in the magnetoresistance and 2D MFM maps. In addition, the stochasticity of the magnetization reversal is analysed. On the one hand, we observe different switching fields among the segments due to a slight variation in geometrical parameters or magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, the stochasticity is observed in a series of repetitions of the magnetization reversal processes for the same NW under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marqués-Marchán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Jose Angel Fernandez-Roldan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Robert Puttock
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Craig Barton
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
| | - Julián A. Moreno
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Silicon Austria Labs, Sensor Systems Division, A-9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Manuel Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Olga Kazakova
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; (R.P.); (C.B.); (O.K.)
| | - Oksana Chubykalo-Fesenko
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (O.C.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Wang H, Li GM, Li B, You JL. An Effective Strategy for Template-Free Electrodeposition of Aluminum Nanowires with Highly Controllable Irregular Morphologies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091390. [PMID: 35564099 PMCID: PMC9105039 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nanowires with irregular morphologies were prepared by template-free electrodeposition from a room-temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquid. The effects of the diffusion condition and deposition potential on the morphologies of Al nanowires were investigated. The decrease of diffusion flux leads to the formation of particular segmented morphologies of Al nanowires. A dynamic equilibrium between the electrochemical reaction and the diffusion of Al2Cl7− results in the current fluctuation and the periodical variation of diameters in the Al nanowires growth period. Al nanowires with several kinds of morphologies can be controllably electrodeposited under a restricted diffusion condition, without using a template. Increasing the overpotential shows the similar influence on the morphology of Al nanowires as the decrease in diffusion flux under the restricted diffusion condition. Most of the segmented Al nanowires have a single crystalline structure and grow in the [100] orientation. This work also provides a new strategy for the fabrication of nanowires with highly controllable irregular morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; (H.W.); (G.-M.L.)
| | - Guo-Min Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; (H.W.); (G.-M.L.)
| | - Bing Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; (H.W.); (G.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jing-Lin You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
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Caspani S, Moraes S, Navas D, Proenca MP, Magalhães R, Nunes C, Araújo JP, Sousa CT. The Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Multilayered Nanowires: The Role of the Number of Fe Layers and Their Thickness. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2729. [PMID: 34685176 PMCID: PMC8538472 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-segmented bilayered Fe/Cu nanowires have been fabricated through the electrodeposition in porous anodic alumina membranes. We have assessed, with the support of micromagnetic simulations, the dependence of fabricated nanostructures' magnetic properties either on the number of Fe/Cu bilayers or on the length of the magnetic layers, by fixing both the nonmagnetic segment length and the wire diameter. The magnetic reversal, in the segmented Fe nanowires (NWs) with a 300 nm length, occurs through the nucleation and propagation of a vortex domain wall (V-DW) from the extremities of each segment. By increasing the number of bilayers, the coercive field progressively increases due to the small magnetostatic coupling between Fe segments, but the coercivity found in an Fe continuous nanowire is not reached, since the interactions between layers is limited by the Cu separation. On the other hand, Fe segments 30 nm in length have exhibited a vortex configuration, with around 60% of the magnetization pointing parallel to the wires' long axis, which is equivalent to an isolated Fe nanodisc. By increasing the Fe segment length, a magnetic reversal occurred through the nucleation and propagation of a V-DW from the extremities of each segment, similar to what happens in a long cylindrical Fe nanowire. The particular case of the Fe/Cu bilayered nanowires with Fe segments 20 nm in length revealed a magnetization oriented in opposite directions, forming a synthetic antiferromagnetic system with coercivity and remanence values close to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Caspani
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Suellen Moraes
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - David Navas
- ICMM-CSIC-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana P. Proenca
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
- ISOM and Dpto. Electrónica Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Pedro Araújo
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Célia T. Sousa
- IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.M.); (M.P.P.); (R.M.); (J.P.A.)
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Template-Assisted Iron Nanowire Formation at Different Electrolyte Temperatures. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154080. [PMID: 34361274 PMCID: PMC8348010 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied the morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe nanowires that were electrodeposited as a function of the electrolyte temperature. The nucleation mechanism followed instantaneous growth. At low temperatures, we observed an increase of the total charge reduced into the templates, thus suggesting a significant increase in the degree of pore filling. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed smooth nanowires without any characteristic features that would differentiate their morphology as a function of the electrolyte temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of a polycarbonate coating that covered the nanowires and protected them against oxidation. The X-ray diffraction measurements showed peaks coming from the polycrystalline Fe bcc structure without any traces of the oxide phases. The crystallite size decreased with an increasing electrolyte temperature. The transmission electron microscopy measurements proved the fine-crystalline structure and revealed elongated crystallite shapes with a columnar arrangement along the nanowire. Mössbauer studies indicated a deviation in the magnetization vector from the normal direction, which agrees with the SQUID measurements. An increase in the electrolyte temperature caused a rise in the out of the membrane plane coercivity. The studies showed the oxidation resistance of the Fe nanowires deposited at elevated electrolyte temperatures.
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Bran C, Fernandez-Roldan JA, P Del Real R, Asenjo A, Chen YS, Zhang J, Zhang X, Fraile Rodríguez A, Foerster M, Aballe L, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vazquez M. Unveiling the Origin of Multidomain Structures in Compositionally Modulated Cylindrical Magnetic Nanowires. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12819-12827. [PMID: 32970409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CoNi/Ni multisegmented cylindrical nanowires were synthesized via an electrochemical route. The wires are 140 nm in diameter, with 1000 nm long Ni segments and CoNi segments between 600 and 1400 nm in length. The magnetic configuration was imaged by XMCD-PEEM in the demagnetized state and at remanence after magnetizing axially and perpendicularly. Ni segments, with cubic crystal symmetry, show an axial magnetic configuration with a small curling component at the surface. In turn, CoNi segments, with hexagonal crystal symmetry and a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy perpendicular to the nanowires, show a single vortex state in the shorter segments and multivortex or multitransverse magnetic configurations in medium and long segments, respectively. A detailed study by micromagnetic simulations reveals that the magnetic configuration is determined mainly by the coupling between soft Ni and harder CoNi segments. For short CoNi segments, Ni segments are magnetostatically coupled and the chirality of the single vortex formed in CoNi remains the same as that of the curling in neighboring Ni segments. For longer CoNi segments, the remanent state is either the multivortex or multitransverse state depending on whether the previously applied field was parallel or perpendicular to the magnetocrystalline axis. The results point out the relevance of the cylindrical geometry to promote the occurrence of complex magneto-chiral effects and provide key information for the design of cylindrical magnetic nanowires for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Fernandez-Roldan
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Rafael P Del Real
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Yu-Shen Chen
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan
| | - Junli Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arantxa Fraile Rodríguez
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures and nanomaterials play essential roles in modern bio medicine and technology. Proper surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) allows the selective bonding thus application of magnetic forces to a vast range of cellular structures and biomolecules. However, the spherical geometry of NPs poises a series of limitations in various potential applications. Mostly, typical spherical core shell structure consists of magnetic and non-magnetic layers have little tunability in terms of magnetic responses, and their single surface functionality also limits chemical activity and selectivity. In comparison to spherical NPs, nanowires (NWs) possess more degrees of freedom in achieving magnetic and surface chemical tenability. In addition to adjustment of magnetic anisotropy and inter-layer interactions, another important feature of NWs is their ability to combine different components along their length, which can result in diverse bio-magnetic applications. Magnetic NWs have become the candidate material for biomedical applications owing to their high magnetization, cheapness and cost effective synthesis. With large magnetic moment, anisotropy, biocompatibility and low toxicity, magnetic NWs have been recently used in living cell manipulation, magnetic cell separation and magnetic hyperthermia. In this review, the basic concepts of magnetic characteristics of nanoscale objects and the influences of aspect ratio, composition and diameter on magnetic properties of NWs are addressed. Some underpinning physical principles of magnetic hyperthermia (MH), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic separation (MS) have been discussed. Finally, recent studies on magnetic NWs for the applications in MH, MRI and MS were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Mukhtar
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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He Z, Yang Y, Liang HW, Liu JW, Yu SH. Nanowire Genome: A Magic Toolbox for 1D Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902807. [PMID: 31566828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1D nanomaterials with high aspect ratio, i.e., nanowires and nanotubes, have inspired considerable research interest thanks to the fact that exotic physical and chemical properties emerge as their diameters approach or fall into certain length scales, such as the wavelength of light, the mean free path of phonons, the exciton Bohr radius, the critical size of magnetic domains, and the exciton diffusion length. On the basis of their components, aspect ratio, and properties, there may be imperceptible connections among hundreds of nanowires prepared by different strategies. Inspired by the heredity system in life, a new concept termed the "nanowire genome" is introduced here to clarify the relationships between hundreds of nanowires reported previously. As such, this approach will not only improve the tools incorporating the prior nanowires but also help to precisely synthesize new nanowires and even assist in the prediction on the properties of nanowires. Although the road from start-ups to maturity is long and fraught with challenges, the genetical syntheses of more than 200 kinds of nanostructures stemming from three mother nanowires (Te, Ag, and Cu) are summarized here to demonstrate the nanowire genome as a versatile toolbox. A summary and outlook on future challenges in this field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Wang DS, Mukhtar A, Wu KM, Gu L, Cao X. Multi-Segmented Nanowires: A High Tech Bright Future. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3908. [PMID: 31779229 PMCID: PMC6927002 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, there has been a lot of progress in the synthesis methods of nano-structural materials, but still the field has a large number of puzzles to solve. Metal nanowires (NWs) and their alloys represent a sub category of the 1-D nano-materials and there is a large effort to study the microstructural, physical and chemical properties to use them for further industrial applications. Due to technical limitations of single component NWs, the hetero-structured materials gained attention recently. Among them, multi-segmented NWs are more diverse in applications, consisting of two or more segments that can perform multiple function at a time, which confer their unique properties. Recent advancement in characterization techniques has opened up new opportunities for understanding the physical properties of multi-segmented structures of 1-D nanomaterials. Since the multi-segmented NWs needs a reliable response from an external filed, numerous studies have been done on the synthesis of multi-segmented NWs to precisely control the physical properties of multi-segmented NWs. This paper highlights the electrochemical synthesis and physical properties of multi-segmented NWs, with a focus on the mechanical and magnetic properties by explaining the shape, microstructure, and composition of NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiman Mukhtar
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.-S.W.); ; (L.G.)
| | - Kai-Ming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.-S.W.); ; (L.G.)
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9
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Multisegment nanowire/nanoparticle hybrid arrays as electrochemical biosensors for simultaneous detection of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:632-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Moraes S, Navas D, Béron F, Proenca MP, Pirota KR, Sousa CT, Araújo JP. The Role of Cu Length on the Magnetic Behaviour of Fe/Cu Multi-Segmented Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E490. [PMID: 29973506 PMCID: PMC6071036 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A set of multi-segmented Fe/Cu nanowires were synthesized by a two-step anodization process of aluminum substrates and a pulsed electrodeposition technique using a single bath. While both Fe segment length and diameter were kept constant to (30 ± 7) and (45 ± 5) nm, respectively, Cu length was varied between (15 ± 5) and (120 ± 10) nm. The influence of the non-magnetic layer thickness variation on the nanowire magnetic properties was investigated through first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements and micromagnetic simulations. Our analysis confirmed that, in the multi-segmented Fe/Cu nanowires with shorter Cu segments, the dipolar coupling between Fe segments controls the nanowire magnetic behavior, and its performance is like that of a homogenous Fe nanowire array of similar dimensions. On the other hand, multi-segmented Fe/Cu nanowires with larger Cu segments act like a collection of non-interacting magnetic entities (along the nanowire axis), and their global behavior is mainly controlled by the neighbor-to-neighbor nanodisc dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Moraes
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Nanotecnologia and Department Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - David Navas
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Nanotecnologia and Department Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fanny Béron
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil.
| | - Mariana P Proenca
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Nanotecnologia and Department Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda., Complutense 30, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kleber R Pirota
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil.
| | - Célia T Sousa
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Nanotecnologia and Department Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João P Araújo
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Nanotecnologia and Department Física e Astronomia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Bran C, Berganza E, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Palmero EM, Meier J, Calle E, Jaafar M, Foerster M, Aballe L, Fraile Rodriguez A, P Del Real R, Asenjo A, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vazquez M. Magnetization Ratchet in Cylindrical Nanowires. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5932-5939. [PMID: 29812903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The unidirectional motion of information carriers such as domain walls in magnetic nanostrips is a key feature for many future spintronic applications based on shift registers. This magnetic ratchet effect has so far been achieved in a limited number of complex nanomagnetic structures, for example, by lithographically engineered pinning sites. Here we report on a simple remagnetization ratchet originated in the asymmetric potential from the designed increasing lengths of magnetostatically coupled ferromagnetic segments in FeCo/Cu cylindrical nanowires. The magnetization reversal in neighboring segments propagates sequentially in steps starting from the shorter segments, irrespective of the applied field direction. This natural and efficient ratchet offers alternatives for the design of three-dimensional advanced storage and logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bran
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eider Berganza
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Ester M Palmero
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jessica Meier
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Esther Calle
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Miriam Jaafar
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS , 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, CELLS , 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Rafael P Del Real
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vazquez
- Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Serrà A, Vázquez-Mariño G, García-Torres J, Bosch M, Vallés E. Magnetic Actuation of Multifunctional Nanorobotic Platforms to Induce Cancer Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serrà
- Grup d'Electrodeposició de Capes Primes i Nanoestructures (Ge-CPN); Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Gonzalo Vázquez-Mariño
- Grup d'Electrodeposició de Capes Primes i Nanoestructures (Ge-CPN); Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - José García-Torres
- Grup d'Electrodeposició de Capes Primes i Nanoestructures (Ge-CPN); Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada; Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB); E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Elisa Vallés
- Grup d'Electrodeposició de Capes Primes i Nanoestructures (Ge-CPN); Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès, 1 E-08028 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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13
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14
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Özkale B, Shamsudhin N, Bugmann T, Nelson BJ, Pané S. Magnetostriction in electroplated CoFe alloys. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Ni-Co Alloy and Multisegmented Ni/Co Nanowire Arrays Modulated in Composition: Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Shamsudhin N, Tao Y, Sort J, Jang B, Degen CL, Nelson BJ, Pané S. Magnetometry of Individual Polycrystalline Ferromagnetic Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6363-6369. [PMID: 27690370 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic nanowires are finding use as untethered sensors and actuators for probing micro- and nanoscale biophysical phenomena, such as for localized sensing and application of forces and torques on biological samples, for tissue heating through magnetic hyperthermia, and for microrheology. Quantifying the magnetic properties of individual isolated nanowires is crucial for such applications. Dynamic cantilever magnetometry is used to measure the magnetic properties of individual sub-500 nm diameter polycrystalline nanowires of Ni and Ni80 Co20 fabricated by template-assisted electrochemical deposition. The values are compared with bulk, ensemble measurements when the nanowires are still embedded within their growth matrix. It is found that single-particle and ensemble measurements of nanowires yield significantly different results that reflect inter-nanowire interactions and chemical modifications of the sample during the release process from the growth matrix. The results highlight the importance of performing single-particle characterization for objects that will be used as individual magnetic nanoactuators or nanosensors in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Shamsudhin
- Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Sort
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bumjin Jang
- Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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17
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Zhang J, Agramunt-Puig S, Del-Valle N, Navau C, Baró MD, Estradé S, Peiró F, Pané S, Nelson BJ, Sanchez A, Nogués J, Pellicer E, Sort J. Tailoring Staircase-like Hysteresis Loops in Electrodeposited Trisegmented Magnetic Nanowires: a Strategy toward Minimization of Interwire Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4109-4117. [PMID: 26804742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to minimize magnetic interactions between nanowires (NWs) dispersed in a fluid is proposed. Such a strategy consists of preparing trisegmented NWs containing two antiparallel ferromagnetic segments with dissimilar coercivity separated by a nonmagnetic spacer. The trisegmented NWs exhibit a staircase-like hysteresis loop with tunable shape that depends on the relative length of the soft- and hard-magnetic segments and the respective values of saturation magnetization. Such NWs are prepared by electrodepositing CoPt/Cu/Ni in a polycarbonate (PC) membrane. The antiparallel alignment is set by applying suitable magnetic fields while the NWs are still embedded in the PC membrane. Analytic calculations are used to demonstrate that the interaction magnetic energy from fully compensated trisegmented NWs with antiparallel alignment is reduced compared to a single-component NW with the same length or the trisegmented NWs with the two ferromagnetic counterparts parallel to each other. The proposed approach is appealing for the use of magnetic NWs in certain biological or catalytic applications where the aggregation of NWs is detrimental for optimized performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastià Agramunt-Puig
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Del-Valle
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Navau
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria D Baró
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Estradé
- LENS, MIND-IN2UB, Departament d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Peiró
- LENS, MIND-IN2UB, Departament d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Sanchez
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Nogués
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Fı́sica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Su CJ, Hsieh YT, Fong JD, Chang CC, Sun IW. Template free synthesis of beaded aluminium sub-microwires via pulse potential electrodeposition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Beaded aluminum wires with tunable physical morphology were prepared from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid using a template-free square-wave pulse potential electrodeposition method with various pulse potential and duration combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jui Su
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
- Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ding Fong
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
- Taiwan
| | - Che-Chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
- Taiwan
| | - I.-Wen Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
- Taiwan
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19
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Zhong Y, Ni Y, Li S, Wang M. Chain-like Fe3O4@resorcinol-formaldehyde resins–Ag composite microstructures: facile construction and applications in antibacterial and catalytic fields. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chain-like Fe3O4@RF–Ag microstructures with excellent antibacterial and catalytic activities were constructed by a simple two-step route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Yonghong Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Shifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Meifang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
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20
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Jang B, Chen XZ, Siegfried R, Montero Moreno JM, Özkale B, Nielsch K, Nelson BJ, Pané S. Silicon-supported aluminum oxide membranes with ultrahigh aspect ratio nanopores. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new integrative process that supports a highly-ordered nanoporous membrane with tunable pore parameters on a mechanically-robust substrate was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjin Jang
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Reto Siegfried
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Berna Özkale
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik
- Universität Hamburg
- 20355 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
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