1
|
Gerrits L, Bakker B, Hendriks LD, Engels S, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ. Tailoring of Physical Properties in Macroporous Poly(isocyanopeptide) Cryogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3464-3474. [PMID: 38743442 PMCID: PMC11170948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, synthetic hydrogels have proven remarkably useful as cell culture matrixes to elucidate the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on cell behavior. Yet, their lack of interconnected macropores undermines the widespread use of hydrogels in biomedical applications. To overcome this limitation, cryogels, a class of macroporous hydrogels, are rapidly emerging. Here, we introduce a new, highly elastic, and tunable synthetic cryogel, based on poly(isocyanopeptides) (PIC). Introduction of methacrylate groups on PIC facilitated cryopolymerization through free-radical polymerization and afforded cryogels with an interconnected macroporous structure. We investigated which cryogelation parameters can be used to tune the architectural and mechanical properties of the PIC cryogels by systematically altering cryopolymerization temperature, polymer concentration, and polymer molecular weight. We show that for decreasing cryopolymerization temperatures, there is a correlation between cryogel pore size and stiffness. More importantly, we demonstrate that by simply varying the polymer concentration, we can selectively tune the compressive strength of PIC cryogels without affecting their architecture. This unique feature is highly useful for biomedical applications, as it facilitates decoupling of stiffness from other variables such as pore size. As such, PIC cryogels provide an interesting new biomaterial for scientists to unravel the role of the ECM in cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Gerrits
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Bram Bakker
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Lynn D. Hendriks
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Engels
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department
of Medical BioSciences,Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
An J, Zhang S, Wu J, Chen H, Xu G, Hou Y, Liu R, Li N, Cui W, Li X, Du Y, Gu Q. Assessing bioartificial organ function: the 3P model framework and its validation. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1586-1601. [PMID: 38362645 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement in the fabrication and culture of in vitro organs has marked a new era in biomedical research. While strides have been made in creating structurally diverse bioartificial organs, such as the liver, which serves as the focal organ in our study, the field lacks a uniform approach for the predictive assessment of liver function. Our research bridges this gap with the introduction of a novel, machine-learning-based "3P model" framework. This model draws on a decade of experimental data across diverse culture platform studies, aiming to identify critical fabrication parameters affecting liver function, particularly in terms of albumin and urea secretion. Through meticulous statistical analysis, we evaluated the functional sustainability of the in vitro liver models. Despite the diversity of research methodologies and the consequent scarcity of standardized data, our regression model effectively captures the patterns observed in experimental findings. The insights gleaned from our study shed light on optimizing culture conditions and advance the evaluation of the functional maintenance capacity of bioartificial livers. This sets a precedent for future functional evaluations of bioartificial organs using machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin An
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
| | - Wenjuan Cui
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Yi Du
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100149, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodriguez-Fernandez J, Garcia-Legler E, Villanueva-Badenas E, Donato MT, Gomez-Ribelles JL, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Gallego-Ferrer G, Tolosa L. Primary human hepatocytes-laden scaffolds for the treatment of acute liver failure. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213576. [PMID: 37566937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based liver therapies based on retrieving and steadying failed metabolic function(s) for acute and chronic diseases could be a valuable substitute for liver transplants, even though they are limited by the low engraftment capability and reduced functional quality of primary human hepatocytes (PHH). In this paper we propose the use of gelatin-hyaluronic acid (Gel-HA) scaffolds seeded with PHH for the treatment of liver failure. We first optimized the composition using Gel-HA hydrogels, looking for the mechanical properties closer to the human liver and determining HepG2 cells functionality. Gel-HA scaffolds with interconnected porosity (pore size 102 μm) were prepared and used for PHH culture and evaluation of key hepatic functions. PHH cultured in Gel-HA scaffolds exhibited increased albumin and urea secretion and metabolic capacity (CYP and UGT activity levels) compared to standard monolayer cultures. The transplant of the scaffold containing PHH led to an improvement in liver function (transaminase levels, necrosis) and ameliorated damage in a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure. The study provided a mechanistic understanding of APAP-induced liver injury and the impact of transplantation by analyzing cytokine production and oxidative stress induction to find suitable biomarkers of cell therapy effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Emma Garcia-Legler
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Estela Villanueva-Badenas
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Gomez-Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain; Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia 46026, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Temple J, Velliou E, Shehata M, Lévy R, Gupta P. Current strategies with implementation of three-dimensional cell culture: the challenge of quantification. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20220019. [PMID: 35992772 PMCID: PMC9372643 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From growing cells in spheroids to arranging them on complex engineered scaffolds, three-dimensional cell culture protocols are rapidly expanding and diversifying. While these systems may often improve the physiological relevance of cell culture models, they come with technical challenges, as many of the analytical methods used to characterize traditional two-dimensional (2D) cells must be modified or replaced to be effective. Here we review the advantages and limitations of quantification methods based either on biochemical measurements or microscopy imaging. We focus on the most basic of parameters that one may want to measure, the number of cells. Precise determination of this number is essential for many analytical techniques where measured quantities are only meaningful when normalized to the number of cells (e.g. cytochrome p450 enzyme activity). Thus, accurate measurement of cell number is often a prerequisite to allowing comparisons across different conditions (culturing conditions or drug and treatment screening) or between cells in different spatial states. We note that this issue is often neglected in the literature with little or no information given regarding how normalization was performed, we highlight the pitfalls and complications of quantification and call for more accurate reporting to improve reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Temple
- Bioscience building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mona Shehata
- Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Bioscience building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Laboratoire for Vascular Translational Science, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Jin S, Bao F, Tang S, Yang J, Peng K, Chen Y. Construction of a physically cross-linked carrageenan/chitosan/calcium ion double-network hydrogel for 3-Nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127510. [PMID: 34879513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is an important insensitive explosive. The discharge of NTO wastewater not only pollutes the environment but also causes the economic loss of the valuable explosive. Currently, the NTO wastewater in industrial production is often treated with activated carbon adsorbents. There are no green, efficient and specific adsorption materials for the NTO treatment yet. In the present work, polymer materials suitable for NTO adsorption were screened by molecular dynamics simulation. With the optimized materials, a carrageenan/chitosan/calcium ion physically cross-linked double network hydrogel (KC/CTS/Ca2+ PCDNH) was successfully prepared by the semi-soluble-acidified sol-gel conversion method. The structure and NTO adsorption performance of the hydrogel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The NTO adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics were further studied to understand the adsorption behavior and mechanism. In addition, the adsorbed NTO was successfully released and recovered by soaking the hydrogel in NaOH solution. Our work has provided an environmentally friendly and targeted preparation method of NTO adsorbent materials for NTO wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fang Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuxian Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jueying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Kelin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He Y, Wang C, Wang C, Xiao Y, Lin W. An Overview on Collagen and Gelatin-Based Cryogels: Fabrication, Classification, Properties and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2299. [PMID: 34301056 PMCID: PMC8309424 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research into cryogels have resulted in the development of many types of cryogels for various applications. Collagen and gelatin possess nontoxicity, intrinsic gel-forming ability and physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them very desirable candidates for the fabrication of cryogels. Collagen-based cryogels (CBCs) and gelatin-based cryogels (GBCs) have been successfully applied as three-dimensional substrates for cell culture and have shown promise for biomedical use. A key point in the development of CBCs and GBCs is the quantitative and precise characterization of their properties and their correlation with preparation process and parameters, enabling these cryogels to be tuned to match engineering requirements. Great efforts have been devoted to fabricating these types of cryogels and exploring their potential biomedical application. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive overviews focused on CBCs and GBCs have been reported currently. In this review, we attempt to provide insight into the recent advances on such kinds of cryogels, including their fabrication methods and structural properties, as well as potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing He
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenzhi Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhang Xiao
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Savina IN, Zoughaib M, Yergeshov AA. Design and Assessment of Biodegradable Macroporous Cryogels as Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Carrying Materials. Gels 2021; 7:79. [PMID: 34203439 PMCID: PMC8293244 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels obtained by the cryotropic gelation process are macroporous hydrogels with a well-developed system of interconnected pores and shape memory. There have been significant recent advancements in our understanding of the cryotropic gelation process, and in the relationship between components, their structure and the application of the cryogels obtained. As cryogels are one of the most promising hydrogel-based biomaterials, and this field has been advancing rapidly, this review focuses on the design of biodegradable cryogels as advanced biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. The selection of a biodegradable polymer is key to the development of modern biomaterials that mimic the biological environment and the properties of artificial tissue, and are at the same time capable of being safely degraded/metabolized without any side effects. The range of biodegradable polymers utilized for cryogel formation is overviewed, including biopolymers, synthetic polymers, polymer blends, and composites. The paper discusses a cryotropic gelation method as a tool for synthesis of hydrogel materials with large, interconnected pores and mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties, adapted for targeted biomedical applications. The effect of the composition, cross-linker, freezing conditions, and the nature of the polymer on the morphology, mechanical properties and biodegradation of cryogels is discussed. The biodegradation of cryogels and its dependence on their production and composition is overviewed. Selected representative biomedical applications demonstrate how cryogel-based materials have been used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cancer research, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Mohamed Zoughaib
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (M.Z.); (A.A.Y.)
| | - Abdulla A. Yergeshov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (M.Z.); (A.A.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghosh T, Singh R, Nesamma AA, Jutur PP. Marine Polysaccharides: Properties and Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
9
|
Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shiekh PA, Andrabi SM, Singh A, Majumder S, Kumar A. Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Moysidou CM, Barberio C, Owens RM. Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:620962. [PMID: 33585419 PMCID: PMC7877542 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.620962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in cell biology greatly relies on cell-based in vitro assays and models that facilitate the investigation and understanding of specific biological events and processes under different conditions. The quality of such experimental models and particularly the level at which they represent cell behavior in the native tissue, is of critical importance for our understanding of cell interactions within tissues and organs. Conventionally, in vitro models are based on experimental manipulation of mammalian cells, grown as monolayers on flat, two-dimensional (2D) substrates. Despite the amazing progress and discoveries achieved with flat biology models, our ability to translate biological insights has been limited, since the 2D environment does not reflect the physiological behavior of cells in real tissues. Advances in 3D cell biology and engineering have led to the development of a new generation of cell culture formats that can better recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment, allowing us to examine cells and their interactions in a more biomimetic context. Modern biomedical research has at its disposal novel technological approaches that promote development of more sophisticated and robust tissue engineering in vitro models, including scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips. Even though such systems are necessarily simplified to capture a particular range of physiology, their ability to model specific processes of human biology is greatly valued for their potential to close the gap between conventional animal studies and human (patho-) physiology. Here, we review recent advances in 3D biomimetic cultures, focusing on the technological bricks available to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues. By highlighting applications and examples of several physiological and disease models, we identify the limitations and challenges which the field needs to address in order to more effectively incorporate synthetic biomimetic culture platforms into biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Róisín Meabh Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jayal P, Behera P, Mullick R, Ramachandra SG, Das S, Kumar A, Karande A. Responsive polymer-assisted 3D cryogel supports Huh7.5 as in vitro hepatitis C virus model and ectopic human hepatic tissue in athymic mice. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1286-1304. [PMID: 33295646 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models serve as the interface between conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture and animal models. 3D culture offers the best possible model system to understand the pathophysiology of human pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), which lacks a small animal model, due to narrow host tropism and non-permissiveness of murine hepatocytes. In this study, functionally robust spheroids of HCV permissive Huh7.5 cells were generated, assisted by the temperature or pH-responsive polymers PNIPAAm and Eudragit respectively, followed by the long-term growth of the multilayered 3D aggregates in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-alginate-gelatin (PAG) cryogel. The human serum albumin (HSA), marker of hepatic viability was detected up to 600 ng/ml on 24th day of culture. The 3D spheroid culture exhibited a distinct morphology and transcript levels with the upregulation of hepato-specific transcripts, nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), transthyretin (TTr), albumin (Alb), phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing genes. The two most important phase I enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, together responsible for 90% metabolism of drugs exhibited up to 9- and 12-fold increment, respectively in transcripts. The 3D culture was highly permissive to HCV infection and supported higher multiplicity of infection compared to monolayer Huh7.5 culture. Quantitation of high levels of HSA (500-200 ng/ml) in circulation in mice for 32 days asserted integration with host vasculature and in vivo establishment of 3D culture implants as an ectopic human hepatic tissue in mice. The study demonstrates the 3D spheroid Huh7.5 culture as a model for HCV studies and screening potential for anti-HCV drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanava Behera
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranajoy Mullick
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Material-Dependent Formation and Degradation of Bone Matrix-Comparison of Two Cryogels. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020052. [PMID: 32517006 PMCID: PMC7378764 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels represent ideal carriers for bone tissue engineering. We recently described the osteogenic potential of cryogels with different protein additives, e.g., platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, these scaffolds raised concerns as different toxic substances are required for their preparation. Therefore, we developed another gelatin (GEL)-based cryogel. This study aimed to compare the two scaffolds regarding their physical characteristics and their influence on osteogenic and osteoclastic cells. Compared to the PRP scaffolds, GEL scaffolds had both larger pores and thicker walls, resulting in a lower connective density. PRP scaffolds, with crystalized calcium phosphates on the surface, were significantly stiffer but less mineralized than GEL scaffolds with hydroxyapatite incorporated within the matrix. The GEL scaffolds favored adherence and proliferation of the osteogenic SCP-1 and SaOS-2 cells. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels seemed to be induced by GEL scaffolds. Levels of other osteoblast and osteoclast markers were comparable between the two scaffolds. After 14 days, mineral content and stiffness of the cryogels were increased by SCP-1 and SaOS-2 cells, especially of PRP scaffolds. THP-1 cell-derived osteoclastic cells only reduced mineral content and stiffness of PRP cryogels. In summary, both scaffolds present powerful advantages; however, the possibility to altered mineral content and stiffness may be decisive when it comes to using PRP or GEL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruoß M, Rebholz S, Weimer M, Grom-Baumgarten C, Athanasopulu K, Kemkemer R, Käß H, Ehnert S, Nussler AK. Development of Scaffolds with Adjusted Stiffness for Mimicking Disease-Related Alterations of Liver Rigidity. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E17. [PMID: 32183326 PMCID: PMC7151584 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of the most common reasons for the failure of drugs in clinical trials and frequent withdrawal from the market. Reasons for such failures include the low predictive power of in vivo studies, that is mainly caused by metabolic differences between humans and animals, and intraspecific variances. In addition to factors such as age and genetic background, changes in drug metabolism can also be caused by disease-related changes in the liver. Such metabolic changes have also been observed in clinical settings, for example, in association with a change in liver stiffness, a major characteristic of an altered fibrotic liver. For mimicking these changes in an in vitro model, this study aimed to develop scaffolds that represent the rigidity of healthy and fibrotic liver tissue. We observed that liver cells plated on scaffolds representing the stiffness of healthy livers showed a higher metabolic activity compared to cells plated on stiffer scaffolds. Additionally, we detected a positive effect of a scaffold pre-coated with fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing media. This pre-incubation resulted in increased cell adherence during cell seeding onto the scaffolds. In summary, we developed a scaffold-based 3D model that mimics liver stiffness-dependent changes in drug metabolism that may more easily predict drug interaction in diseased livers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Silas Rebholz
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Marina Weimer
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Carl Grom-Baumgarten
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Kiriaki Athanasopulu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Hanno Käß
- Faculty of Basic Science, University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, 73728 Esslingen am Neckar, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
da Silva Morais A, Vieira S, Zhao X, Mao Z, Gao C, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901435. [PMID: 31977159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE-cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial-based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell-sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Xinlian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heydari Z, Najimi M, Mirzaei H, Shpichka A, Ruoss M, Farzaneh Z, Montazeri L, Piryaei A, Timashev P, Gramignoli R, Nussler A, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue Engineering in Liver Regenerative Medicine: Insights into Novel Translational Technologies. Cells 2020; 9:E304. [PMID: 32012725 PMCID: PMC7072533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ and tissue shortage are known as a crucially important public health problem as unfortunately a small percentage of patients receive transplants. In the context of emerging regenerative medicine, researchers are trying to regenerate and replace different organs and tissues such as the liver, heart, skin, and kidney. Liver tissue engineering (TE) enables us to reproduce and restore liver functions, fully or partially, which could be used in the treatment of acute or chronic liver disorders and/or generate an appropriate functional organ which can be transplanted or employed as an extracorporeal device. In this regard, a variety of techniques (e.g., fabrication technologies, cell-based technologies, microfluidic systems and, extracorporeal liver devices) could be applied in tissue engineering in liver regenerative medicine. Common TE techniques are based on allocating stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells or primary hepatocytes within a three-dimensional structure which leads to the improvement of their survival rate and functional phenotype. Taken together, new findings indicated that developing liver tissue engineering-based techniques could pave the way for better treatment of liver-related disorders. Herein, we summarized novel technologies used in liver regenerative medicine and their future applications in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 121135879, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Marc Ruoss
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 117977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Xing T, Li Q, Chen Y, Yao W, Jin S, Chen S. Preparation of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose‐based polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel via SD‐A‐SGT method and its adsorption of anionic and cationic dye. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Tao Xing
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable SpeciesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Weishang Yao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Shusen Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruoß M, Kieber V, Rebholz S, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Häussling V, Häcker M, Olde Damink LHH, Ehnert S, Nussler AK. Cell-Type-Specific Quantification of a Scaffold-Based 3D Liver Co-Culture. Methods Protoc 2019; 3:E1. [PMID: 31878071 PMCID: PMC7189675 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the metabolic activity of human hepatocytes and liver cancer cell lines, many approaches have been reported in recent years. The metabolic activity could be increased mainly by cultivating the cells in 3D systems or co-cultures (with other cell lines). However, if the system becomes more complex, it gets more difficult to quantify the number of cells (e.g., on a 3D matrix). Until now, it has been impossible to quantify different cell types individually in 3D co-culture systems. Therefore, we developed a PCR-based method that allows the quantification of HepG2 cells and 3T3-J2 cells separately in a 3D scaffold culture. Moreover, our results show that this method allows better comparability between 2D and 3D cultures in comparison to the often-used approaches based on metabolic activity measurements, such as the conversion of resazurin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Vanessa Kieber
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Silas Rebholz
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Victor Häussling
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Marina Häcker
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | | | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG-Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.K.); (S.R.); (C.L.); (H.R.); (V.H.); (M.H.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh A, Tayalia P. Three-dimensional cryogel matrix for spheroid formation and anti-cancer drug screening. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:365-376. [PMID: 31654478 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid-based systems have been developed as alternatives to two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures for understanding 3D cell behavior and conducting in vitro drug screening tests. However, spheroids are easily disrupted while handling and do not mimic the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. To address that, we have developed a cost-effective, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) based semi-synthetic cryogel matrix system, which can be used to grow spheroids and conduct studies while providing architectural support and mimicking in vivo ECM components. These matrices are macroporous and support formation of tumor-like spheroids of breast tumor epithelial (MCF-7) cells in the absence of additional growth factors otherwise required for spheroid formation. Difference in morphology of cells as a function of matrix composition and increase in size and number of spheroids as a function of time was observed. Spheroids grown in cryogel matrices showed more drug resistance than their 2D counterparts, which can partially be explained by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) observed in spheroids. We believe that spheroids formed through these PEGDA-GELMA cryogel matrices better represent in vivo pathological conditions and can help develop cost-effective in vitro assays for screening new pharmacological drug candidates and performing cell mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakriti Tayalia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumari J, Teotia AK, Karande AA, Kumar A. A minimally-invasive cryogel based approach for the development of human ectopic liver in a mouse model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1022-1032. [PMID: 31397074 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human liver tissue is preferable over nonhuman liver tissue for preclinical drug screening, as the former can better predict side effects specific to humans. However, due to limited supply and ethical issues with human liver tissue, it is desirable to develop an animal model having functional human liver tissue. In this study, we have established an ectopic functional human liver tissue in a mouse model, using a minimally-invasive method. Firstly, a human liver tissue mass using HepG2 cells and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) incorporated poly(ethylene glycol)-alginate-gelatin (PAG) cryogel matrix was developed in vitro. It was later implanted in mouse peritoneal cavity using a 16 G needle. Viscoelastic nature along with low Young's modulus provided injectable properties to the cryogel. We confirmed minimal cell loss/death while injecting. Further, by in vivo study efficacy of both injectable and surgical implantation approaches were compared. No significant difference in terms of cell infiltration, human serum albumin (HSA) secretion and enzyme activity confirmed efficacy. This model developed using a minimally-invasive approach can overcome the limitations of surgical implantation due to its cost effective and user friendly nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Arun K Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Häussling V, Deninger S, Vidoni L, Rinderknecht H, Ruoß M, Arnscheidt C, Athanasopulu K, Kemkemer R, Nussler AK, Ehnert S. Impact of Four Protein Additives in Cryogels on Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E67. [PMID: 31394780 PMCID: PMC6784125 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have great potential for bone tissue engineering. Cryogels, mimicking the three-dimensional structure of spongy bone, represent ideal carriers for these cells. We developed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels, containing hydroxyapatite to mimic inorganic bone matrix. Cryogels were additionally supplemented with different types of proteins, namely collagen (Coll), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), immune cells-conditioned medium (CM), and RGD peptides (RGD). The different protein components did not affect scaffolds' porosity or water-uptake capacity, but altered pore size and stiffness. Stiffness was highest in scaffolds with PRP (82.3 kPa), followed by Coll (55.3 kPa), CM (45.6 kPa), and RGD (32.8 kPa). Scaffolds with PRP, CM, and Coll had the largest pore diameters (~60 µm). Ad-MSCs were osteogenically differentiated on these scaffolds for 14 days. Cell attachment and survival rates were comparable for all four scaffolds. Runx2 and osteocalcin levels only increased in Ad-MSCs on Coll, PRP and CM cryogels. Osterix levels increased slightly in Ad-MSCs differentiated on Coll and PRP cryogels. With differentiation alkaline phosphatase activity decreased under all four conditions. In summary, besides Coll cryogel our PRP cryogel constitutes as an especially suitable carrier for bone tissue engineering. This is of special interest, as this scaffold can be generated with patients' PRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Häussling
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Deninger
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Vidoni
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Arnscheidt
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kiriaki Athanasopulu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Memic A, Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Steingold J, Rogers ZJ, Navare KJ, Mohammed HS, Bencherif SA. Latest Advances in Cryogel Technology for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Memic
- Center of NanotechnologyKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Tumor ImmunologyOncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen 6500 The Netherlands
| | | | - Joseph Steingold
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Zach J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | | | | | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Sorbonne UniversityUTC CNRS UMR 7338Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI)University of Technology of Compiègne Compiègne 60159 France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Victor SP, Selvam S, Sharma CP. Recent Advances in Biomaterials Science and Engineering Research in India: A Minireview. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3-18. [PMID: 33405853 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research in health innovation and product development encompasses convergent technologies that primarily integrate biomaterials science and engineering at its core. Particularly, research in this area is instrumental for the implementation of biomedical devices (BMDs) that offer innovative solutions to help maintain and improve quality of life of patients worldwide. Despite achieving extraordinary success, implantable BMDs are still confronted with complex engineering and biological challenges that need to addressed for augmenting device performance and prolonging lifetime in vivo. Biofabrication of tissue constructs, designing novel biomaterials and employing rational biomaterial design approaches, surface engineering of implants, point of care diagnostics and micro/nano-based biosensors, smart drug delivery systems, and noninvasive imaging methodologies are among strategies exploited for improving clinical performance of implantable BMDs. In India, advances in biomedical technologies have dramatically advanced health care over the last few decades and the country is well-positioned to identify opportunities and translate emerging solutions. In this article, we attempt to capture the recent advances in biomedical research and development progressing across the country and highlight the significant research work accomplished in the areas of biomaterials science and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita P Victor
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695012, India
| | - Shivaram Selvam
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695012, India
| | - Chandra P Sharma
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695012, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh A, Asikainen S, Teotia AK, Shiekh PA, Huotilainen E, Qayoom I, Partanen J, Seppälä J, Kumar A. Biomimetic Photocurable Three-Dimensional Printed Nerve Guidance Channels with Aligned Cryomatrix Lumen for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43327-43342. [PMID: 30460837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of critically injured peripheral nerves is one of the most challenging reconstructive surgeries. Currently available and FDA approved nerve guidance channels (NGCs) are suitable for small gap injuries, and their biological performance is inferior to that of autografts. Development of biomimetic NGCs with clinically relevant geometrical and biological characteristics such as topographical, biochemical, and haptotactic cues could offer better regeneration of the long-gap complex nerve injuries. Here, in this study, we present the development and preclinical analysis of three-dimensional (3D) printed aligned cryomatrix-filled NGCs along with nerve growth factor (NGF) (aCG + NGF) for peripheral nerve regeneration. We demonstrated the application of these aCG + NGF NGCs in the enhanced and successful regeneration of a critically injured rat sciatic nerve in comparison to random cryogel-filled NGCs, multichannel and clinically preferred hollow conduits, and the gold standard autografts. Our results indicated similar effect of the aCG + NGF NGCs viz-a-viz that of the autografts, and they not only enhanced the overall regenerated nerve physiology but could also mimic the cellular aspects of regeneration. This study emphasizes the paradigm that these biomimetic 3D printed NGCs will lead to a better functional regenerative outcome under clinical settings.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ruoß M, Häussling V, Schügner F, Olde Damink LHH, Lee SML, Ge L, Ehnert S, Nussler AK. A Standardized Collagen-Based Scaffold Improves Human Hepatocyte Shipment and Allows Metabolic Studies over 10 Days. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E86. [PMID: 30332824 PMCID: PMC6316810 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to pronounced species differences, hepatotoxicity of new drugs often cannot be detected in animal studies. Alternatively, human hepatocytes could be used, but there are some limitations. The cells are not always available on demand or in sufficient amounts, so far there has been only limited success to allow the transport of freshly isolated hepatocytes without massive loss of function or their cultivation for a long time. Since it is well accepted that the cultivation of hepatocytes in 3D is related to an improved function, we here tested the Optimaix-3D Scaffold from Matricel for the transport and cultivation of hepatocytes. After characterization of the scaffold, we shipped cells on the scaffold and/or cultivated them over 10 days. With the evaluation of hepatocyte functions such as urea production, albumin synthesis, and CYP activity, we showed that the metabolic activity of the cells on the scaffold remained nearly constant over the culture time whereas a significant decrease in metabolic activity occurred in 2D cultures. In addition, we demonstrated that significantly fewer cells were lost during transport. In summary, the collagen-based scaffold allows the transport and cultivation of hepatocytes without loss of function over 10 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Victor Häussling
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Serene M L Lee
- Hepacult GmbH, 82152 Martinsried/Planegg, Germany.
- Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Liming Ge
- Hepacult GmbH, 82152 Martinsried/Planegg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Razavi M, Hu S, Thakor AS. A collagen based cryogel bioscaffold coated with nanostructured polydopamine as a platform for mesenchymal stem cell therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2213-2228. [PMID: 29637738 PMCID: PMC6161703 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-hydrogels (cryogels) are polymer hydrogels formed at sub-zero temperatures. Bioscaffolds created from cryogels have interconnected macropores which allow for cell migration, tissue-ingrowth, unhindered diffusion of solutes and mass transport of therapeutics. In this study, we developed collagen based cryogel bioscaffolds and coated them with polydopamine using a simple two-step technique. Cryogel bioscaffolds were synthesized by collagen crosslinking at -20°C and exhibited a macroporous interconnected architecture with 75% ± 3% porosity. Two groups of pore sizes were observed: 300 ± 50 µm and 30 ± 10 µm in diameter. The addition of a polydopamine coating to cryogel bioscaffolds was confirmed using composition analysis. This resulted in a 41% ± 5% decrease in water uptake, 81% ± 10% decrease in swelling rate and 12% ± 3% decrease in their degree of dissolution (p < 0.05), with a 48% ± 2% increase in stiffness and 57% ± 5% increase in compressive strength (p < 0.05). Seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffolds resulted in cells demonstrating a 52% ± 4% increase in viability and 33% ± 3% increase in proliferation when compared to AD-MSCs seeded into uncoated-cryogel bioscaffolds (p < 0.05). In summary, our novel polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffold represents an efficient and low-cost bioscaffold platform to support MSC therapies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2213-2228, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
| | - Sophia Hu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shiekh PA, Singh A, Kumar A. Oxygen-Releasing Antioxidant Cryogel Scaffolds with Sustained Oxygen Delivery for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18458-18469. [PMID: 29737151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in biomaterial sciences, tissue-engineered scaffolds are developing as a promising strategy for the regeneration of damaged tissues. However, only a few of these scaffolds have been translated into clinical applications. One of the primary drawbacks of the existing scaffolds is the lack of adequate oxygen supply within the scaffolds. Oxygen-producing biomaterials have been developed as an alternate strategy but are faced with two major concerns. One is the control of the rate of oxygen generation, and the other is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To address these concerns, here, we report the development of an oxygen-releasing antioxidant polymeric cryogel scaffold (PUAO-CPO) for sustained oxygen delivery. PUAO-CPO scaffold was fabricated using the cryogelation technique by the incorporation of calcium peroxide (CPO) in the antioxidant polyurethane (PUAO) scaffolds. The PUAO-CPO cryogels attenuated the ROS and showed a sustained release of oxygen over a period of 10 days. An in vitro analysis of the PUAO-CPO cryogels showed their ability to sustain H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells under hypoxic conditions, with cell viability being significantly better than the normal polyurethane (PU) scaffolds. Furthermore, in vivo studies using an ischemic flap model showed the ability of the oxygen-releasing cryogel scaffolds to prevent tissue necrosis upto 9 days. Histological examination indicated the maintenance of tissue architecture and collagen content, whereas immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen confirmed the viability of the ischemic tissue with oxygen delivery. Our study demonstrated an advanced approach for the development of oxygen-releasing biomaterials with sustained oxygen delivery as well as attenuated production of residual ROS and free radicals because of ischemia or oxygen generation. Hence, the oxygen-releasing PUAO-CPO cryogel scaffolds may be used with cell-based therapeutic approaches for the regeneration of damaged tissue, particularly with ischemic conditions such as myocardial infarction and chronic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz A Shiekh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zheng CX, Sui BD, Hu CH, Qiu XY, Zhao P, Jin Y. Reconstruction of structure and function in tissue engineering of solid organs: Toward simulation of natural development based on decellularization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1432-1447. [PMID: 29701314 DOI: 10.1002/term.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Failure of solid organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidney, remains a major cause of the world's mortality due to critical shortage of donor organs. Tissue engineering, which uses elements including cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to fabricate functional organs in vitro, is a promising strategy to mitigate the scarcity of transplantable organs. Within recent years, different construction strategies that guide the combination of tissue engineering elements have been applied in solid organ tissue engineering and have achieved much progress. Most attractively, construction strategy based on whole-organ decellularization has become a popular and promising approach, because the overall structure of extracellular matrix can be well preserved. However, despite the preservation of whole structure, the current constructs derived from decellularization-based strategy still perform partial functions of solid organs, due to several challenges, including preservation of functional extracellular matrix structure, implementation of functional recellularization, formation of functional vascular network, and realization of long-term functional integration. This review overviews the status quo of solid organ tissue engineering, including both advances and challenges. We have also put forward a few techniques with potential to solve the challenges, mainly focusing on decellularization-based construction strategy. We propose that the primary concept for constructing tissue-engineered solid organs is fabricating functional organs based on intact structure via simulating the natural development and regeneration processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Yang H. Superelastic and pH-Responsive Degradable Dendrimer Cryogels Prepared by Cryo-aza-Michael Addition Reaction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7155. [PMID: 29740011 PMCID: PMC5940921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers exhibit super atomistic features by virtue of their well-defined discrete quantized nanoscale structures. Here, we show that hyperbranched amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G4.0 reacts with linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) diacrylate (575 g/mol) via the aza-Michael addition reaction at a subzero temperature (-20 °C), namely cryo-aza-Michael addition, to form a macroporous superelastic network, i.e., dendrimer cryogel. Dendrimer cryogels exhibit biologically relevant Young's modulus, high compression elasticity and super resilience at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the dendrimer cryogels exhibit excellent rebound performance and do not show significant stress relaxation under cyclic deformation over a wide temperature range (-80 to 100 °C). The obtained dendrimer cryogels are stable at acidic pH but degrade quickly at physiological pH through self-triggered degradation. Taken together, dendrimer cryogels represent a new class of scaffolds with properties suitable for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States. .,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Razavi M, Thakor AS. An oxygen plasma treated poly(dimethylsiloxane) bioscaffold coated with polydopamine for stem cell therapy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:54. [PMID: 29725867 PMCID: PMC6190679 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 3D macroporous bioscaffolds were developed from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) which is inert, biocompatible, non-biodegradable, retrievable and easily manufactured at low cost. PDMS bioscaffolds were synthesized using a solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL) technique and exhibited a macroporous interconnected architecture with 86 ± 3% porosity and 300 ± 100 µm pore size. As PDMS intrinsically has a hydrophobic surface, mainly due to the existence of methyl groups, its surface was modified by oxygen plasma treatment which, in turn, enabled us to apply a novel polydopamine coating onto the surface of the bioscaffold. The addition of a polydopamine coating to bioscaffolds was confirmed using composition analysis. Characterization of oxygen plasma treated-PDMS bioscaffolds coated with polydopamine (polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds) showed the presence of hydroxyl and secondary amines on their surface which resulted in a significant decrease in water contact angle when compared to uncoated-PDMS bioscaffolds (35 ± 3%, P < 0.05). Seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds resulted in cells demonstrating a 70 ± 6% increase in viability and 40 ± 5% increase in proliferation when compared to AD-MSCs seeded into uncoated-PDMS bioscaffolds (P < 0.05). In summary, this two-step method of oxygen plasma treatment followed by polydopamine coating improves the biocompatibility of PDMS bioscaffolds and only requires the use of simple reagents and mild reaction conditions. Hence, our novel polydopamine coated-PDMS bioscaffolds can represent an efficient and low-cost bioscaffold platform to support MSC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Verma SK, Modi A, Singh AK, Teotia R, Kadam S, Bellare J. Functionally coated polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes: A substrate for enhanced HepG2/C3A functions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:358-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
32
|
Development of gelatin/ascorbic acid cryogels for potential use in corneal stromal tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:123-136. [PMID: 29128534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To offer an ideal hospitable environment for corneal keratocyte growth, the carrier materials can be functionalized with incorporation of signaling molecules to regulate cell biological events. This study reports, for the first time, the development of gelatin/ascorbic acid (AA) cryogels for keratocyte carriers in vitro and in vivo. The cryogel samples were fabricated by blending of gelatin with varying amounts of AA (0-300 mg) and carbodiimide cross-linking via cryogelation technique. Hydrophilic AA content in the carriers was found to significantly affect cross-linking degree and pore dimension of cryogels, thereby dictating their mechanical and biological stability and AA release profile. The cryogel carriers with low-to-moderate AA loadings were well tolerated by rabbit keratocyte cultures and anterior segment eye tissues, demonstrating good ocular biocompatibility. Although higher incorporated AA level contributed to enhanced metabolic activity and biosynthetic capacity of keratocytes grown on cryogel matrices, the presence of excessive amounts of AA molecules could lead to toxic effect and limit cell proliferation and matrix production. The cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress was shown to be strongly dependent on AA release, which further determined cell culture performance and tissue reconstruction efficiency. With the optimum AA content in carrier materials, intrastromally implanted cell/cryogel constructs exhibited better capability to enhance tissue matrix regeneration and transparency maintenance as well as to mitigate corneal damage in an alkali burn-induced animal model. It is concluded that understanding of antioxidant molecule-mediated structure-property-function interrelationships in gelatin/AA cryogels is critical to designing carrier materials for potential use in corneal stromal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Multifunctional cryogel material can offer an ideal hospitable environment for cell-mediated tissue reconstruction. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of gelatin/ascorbic acid (AA) cryogels as keratocyte carriers for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The AA loading during cryogel fabrication is found to have a significant effect on cross-linking degree and pore dimension, mechanical and biological stability, ocular biocompatibility, cell culture performance, and cytoprotective activity, giving comprehensive insight into fine-tuning the structure-property-function interrelationships of keratocyte carrier material. Using an alkali burn-induced animal model, we present evidence that with the optimum AA loading into cryogel materials, intrastromally implanted cell/carrier constructs exhibited better capability to enhance tissue matrix regeneration and transparency maintenance as well as to mitigate corneal damage.
Collapse
|
33
|
Elasticity-based development of functionally enhanced multicellular 3D liver encapsulated in hybrid hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:67-79. [PMID: 28966094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current in vitro liver models provide three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironments in combination with tissue engineering technology and can perform more accurate in vivo mimicry than two-dimensional models. However, a human cell-based, functionally mature liver model is still desired, which would provide an alternative to animal experiments and resolve low-prediction issues on species differences. Here, we prepared hybrid hydrogels of varying elasticity and compared them with a normal liver, to develop a more mature liver model that preserves liver properties in vitro. We encapsulated HepaRG cells, either alone or with supporting cells, in a biodegradable hybrid hydrogel. The elastic modulus of the 3D liver dynamically changed during culture due to the combined effects of prolonged degradation of hydrogel and extracellular matrix formation provided by the supporting cells. As a result, when the elastic modulus of the 3D liver model converges close to that of the in vivo liver (≅ 2.3 to 5.9 kPa), both phenotypic and functional maturation of the 3D liver were realized, while hepatic gene expression, albumin secretion, cytochrome p450-3A4 activity, and drug metabolism were enhanced. Finally, the 3D liver model was expanded to applications with embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes and primary human hepatocytes, and it supported prolonged hepatocyte survival and functionality in long-term culture. Our model represents critical progress in developing a biomimetic liver system to simulate liver tissue remodeling, and provides a versatile platform in drug development and disease modeling, ranging from physiology to pathology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We provide a functionally improved 3D liver model that recapitulates in vivo liver stiffness. We have experimentally addressed the issues of orchestrated effects of mechanical compliance, controlled matrix formation by stromal cells in conjunction with hepatic differentiation, and functional maturation of hepatocytes in a dynamic 3D microenvironment. Our model represents critical progress in developing a biomimetic liver system to simulate liver tissue remodeling, and provides a versatile platform in drug development and disease modeling, ranging from physiology to pathology. Additionally, recent advances in the stem-cell technologies have made the development of 3D organoid possible, and thus, our study also provides further contribution to the development of physiologically relevant stem-cell-based 3D tissues that provide an elasticity-based predefined biomimetic 3D microenvironment.
Collapse
|
34
|
Characterisation of porous knitted titanium for replacement of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16611. [PMID: 29192178 PMCID: PMC5709513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective restoration of human intervertebral disc degeneration is challenged by numerous limitations of the currently available spinal fusion and arthroplasty treatment strategies. Consequently, use of artificial biomaterial implant is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic strategy. Our study is aimed at investigating and characterizing a novel knitted titanium (Ti6Al4V) implant for the replacement of nucleus pulposus to treat early stages of chronic intervertebral disc degeneration. Specific knitted geometry of the scaffold with a porosity of 67.67 ± 0.824% was used to overcome tissue integration failures. Furthermore, to improve the wear resistance without impairing original mechanical strength, electro-polishing step was employed. Electro-polishing treatment changed a surface roughness from 15.22 ± 3.28 to 4.35 ± 0.87 µm without affecting its wettability which remained at 81.03 ± 8.5°. Subsequently, cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells (SCP1 cell line) and human primary chondrocytes were investigated which showed positive responses in terms of adherence and viability. Surface wettability was further enhanced to super hydrophilic nature by oxygen plasma treatment, which eventually caused substantial increase in the proliferation of SCP1 cells and primary chondrocytes. Our study implies that owing to scaffolds physicochemical and biocompatible properties, it could improve the clinical performance of nucleus pulposus replacement.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hixon KR, Lu T, Sell SA. A comprehensive review of cryogels and their roles in tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:29-41. [PMID: 28851666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is fundamental in providing an appropriate environment for cell interaction and signaling to occur. Replicating such a matrix is advantageous in the support of tissue ingrowth and regeneration through the field of tissue engineering. While scaffolds can be fabricated in many ways, cryogels have recently become a popular approach due to their macroporous structure and durability. Produced through the crosslinking of gel precursors followed by a subsequent controlled freeze/thaw cycle, the resulting cryogel provides a unique, sponge-like structure. Therefore, cryogels have proven advantageous for many tissue engineering applications including roles in bioreactor systems, cell separation, and scaffolding. Specifically, the matrix has been demonstrated to encourage the production of various molecules, such as antibodies, and has also been used for cryopreservation. Cryogels can pose as a bioreactor for the expansion of cell lines, as well as a vehicle for cell separation. Lastly, this matrix has shown excellent potential as a tissue engineered scaffold, encouraging regrowth at numerous damaged tissue sites in vivo. This review will briefly discuss the fabrication of cryogels, with an emphasis placed on their application in various facets of tissue engineering to provide an overview of this unique scaffold's past and future roles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cryogels are unique scaffolds produced through the controlled freezing and thawing of a polymer solution. There is an ever-growing body of literature that demonstrates their applicability in the realm of tissue engineering as extracellular matrix analogue scaffolds; with extensive information having been provided regarding the fabrication, porosity, and mechanical integrity of the scaffolds. Additionally, cryogels have been reviewed with respect to their role in bioseparation and as cellular incubators. This all-inclusive view of the roles that cryogels can play is critical to advancing the technology and expanding its niche within biomaterials and tissue engineering research. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of cryogel applications in tissue engineering that includes specific looks at their growing roles as extracellular matrix analogues, incubators, and in bioseparation processes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarkar J, Kumari J, Tonello JM, Kamihira M, Kumar A. Enhanced Hepatic Functions of Genetically Modified Mouse Hepatoma Cells by Spheroid Culture for Drug Toxicity Screening. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28834334 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While hepatic cell lines are mainly used for in vitro drug induced toxicity studies, they exhibit limited functionalities. To overcome this, the authors have employed genetically engineered mouse hepatoma cells, Hepa/8F5, wherein expression of liver enriched transcription factors is induced by doxycycline leading to increased functionality. Further enhancement in functionality is achieved by spheroid culture in a previously developed 3D cell culture platform. Cells are seeded in presence of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide--co-gelatin) cryogel scaffold based high throughput platform. Cells seeded in presence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and induced with doxycycline exhibited highest functionalities. There is an increase of ≈26, 36, and 39% in albumin secretion, ammonia removal, and CYP3A4 activity, respectively. Morphological analysis showed arrest in cell proliferation and enlarged nucleus in presence of doxycyline and spheroid formation in presence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Drug induced liver toxicity studies revealed that cells induced with doxycycline are resistive to tamoxifen but sensitive to acetaminophen whereas, cultures initiated in presence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are resistive to both the drugs which is indicative of diffusional barrier of the spheroids. The authors conclude that Hepa/8F5 cells show enhanced functionality in cryogel based spheroid culture platform which can be successfully used for high throughput screening of hepatic toxicity in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering & Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering & Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jane M Tonello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering & Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumari J, Kumar A. Development of polymer based cryogel matrix for transportation and storage of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41551. [PMID: 28139669 PMCID: PMC5282502 DOI: 10.1038/srep41551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the potential of polymeric cryogel matrices such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-agarose (HA) and gelatin matrix as a transporting and storage material for mammalian cells. Both the HA and gelatin matrices were found to possess a homogenous distribution of pores as shown by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and flow rate of 8 and 5 mL/min, respectively. In the case of HA cryogel, after 5 days of simulated transportation, C2C12 cells kept in cryogel matrix showed higher percentage viability (89%) as compared to 64.5% viability of cells kept in suspension culture. The cells recovered from the HA cryogel were able to proliferate as revealed by the microscopic analysis. In the case of gelatin cryogel, it was shown that C2C12 cells seeded on the cryogel under simulated transportation condition were found to proliferate over the period of 5 days. It was also observed that the cells after simulation can be cryopreserved and the duration of cryopreservation does not affect their viability. Furthermore, gelatin cryogel was used for cryopreservation of HepG2 and HUVEC cells to extend the system for other cell types. These results show the potential of cryogels as efficient, low-cost transporting matrix at room temperature and in cryo-conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur- 208016, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fabrication and characterization of novel macroporous Jeffamine/diamino hexane cryogels for enhanced Cu(II) metal uptake: Optimization, isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Shirbin SJ, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Heath DE, Qiao GG. Macroporous Hydrogels Composed Entirely of Synthetic Polypeptides: Biocompatible and Enzyme Biodegradable 3D Cellular Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2981-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Shirbin
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Heath
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|