1
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Araki T, Li K, Suzuki D, Abe T, Kawabata R, Uemura T, Izumi S, Tsuruta S, Terasaki N, Kawano Y, Sekitani T. Broadband Photodetectors and Imagers in Stretchable Electronics Packaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304048. [PMID: 37403808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation of a smart society wherein internal evaluations can be easily performed nondestructively from the surface of various objects that is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic-material-based stretchable optical sensors and imagers that possess both bending capability and rubber-like elasticity are reviewed. The latest trends in nondestructive evaluation equipment that enable simple on-site evaluations of health conditions and abnormalities are discussed without subjecting the targeted living bodies and various objects to mechanical stress. Real-time performance under real-life conditions is becoming increasingly important for creating smart societies interwoven with optical technologies. In particular, the terahertz (THz)-wave region offers a substance- and state-specific fingerprint spectrum that enables instantaneous analyses. However, to make THz sensors accessible, the following issues must be addressed: broadband and high-sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability to follow the surface movements of targets, and digital transformation compatibility. The materials, electronics packaging, and remote imaging systems used to overcome these issues are discussed in detail. Ultimately, stretchable optical sensors and imagers with highly sensitive and broadband THz sensors can facilitate the multifaceted on-site evaluation of solids, liquids, and gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Araki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Kawabata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Izumi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, 657-8501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuruta
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, 101-8430, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Alboteanu G, Ya'akobovitz A. Exceptionally large fracture strength and stretchability of 2D ReS 2 and ReSe 2. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3454-3461. [PMID: 38112027 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) have gained popularity due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, their mechanical behavior has not been investigated experimentally and many of their mechanical parameters are still unexplored. Here we conducted atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation experiments and extracted their Young's moduli and found that it is thickness-independent. In addition, we found that both materials are capable of sustaining large pretension. Importantly, fracture tests showed that these materials exhibit exceptionally large fracture strength (32.9 ± 2.4 GPa and 27.7 ± 3.9 GPa for ReS2 and ReSe2, respectively) and stretchability (up to 24.2% for ReS2 and 23.0% for ReSe2). Therefore, this study shows the superior mechanical properties of ReS2 and ReSe2. Thus, it will open the path for their future integration into advanced applications that will benefit from their outstanding mechanical durability and attractive optoelectronic properties, such as flexible photodetectors, stretchable photonic devices, and strain-engineered electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Alboteanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Assaf Ya'akobovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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3
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Bai X, Gao W, Cai Y, Bai Z, Qi Y, Yan B, Wang Y, Lu Z, Ding J. Advanced Stretchable Photodetectors: Strategies, Materials and Devices. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203022. [PMID: 36367372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the generation of new stretchable photodetectors in electronic eyes, health sensing, wearable devices, intelligent monitoring and other fields. Stretchable devices require not only outstanding performance but also excellent flexibility, adaptability and stability. Innovative strategies have been proposed to realize the stretchability of devices. In addition, novel functional materials including zero-dimensional nanomaterials, one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, two-dimensional layered materials, organic materials, and organic-inorganic composite materials with excellent properties are emerging to continuously improve the performance of devices. Here, the recent research progress of stretchable photodetectors in terms of both various design methods and functional materials is outlined. The optical performance and stretchable properties are also comprehensively reviewed. Finally, a summary and the challenges associated with the application of stretchable photodetectors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Bai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Wanxiao Gao
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxu Bai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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4
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Li K, Kinoshita Y, Sakai D, Kawano Y. Recent Progress in Development of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Photo-Thermoelectric Sensors and Their Applications in Ubiquitous Non-Destructive Inspections. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 36677122 PMCID: PMC9865119 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photo-thermoelectric (PTE) effect in electronic materials effectively combines photo-absorption-induced local heating and associated thermoelectric conversion for uncooled and broadband photo-detection. In particular, this work comprehensively summarizes the operating mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT)-film-based PTE sensors and ubiquitous non-destructive inspections realized by exploiting the material properties of CNT films. Formation of heterogeneous material junctions across the CNT-film-based PTE sensors, namely photo-detection interfaces, triggers the Seebeck effect with photo-absorption-induced local heating. Typical photo-detection interfaces include a channel-electrode boundary and a junction between P-type CNTs and N-type CNTs (PN junctions). While the original CNT film channel exhibits positive Seebeck coefficient values, the material selections of the counterpart freely govern the intensity and polarity of the PTE response signals. Based on these operating mechanisms, CNT film PTE sensors demonstrate a variety of physical and chemical non-destructive inspections. The device aggregates broad multi-spectral optical information regarding the targets and reconstructs their inner composite or layered structures. Arbitrary deformations of the device are attributed to the macroscopic flexibility of the CNT films to further monitor targets from omni-directional viewing angles without blind spots. Detection of blackbody radiation from targets using the device also visualizes their behaviors and associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Li
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuya Kinoshita
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Sakai
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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5
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Li K, Araki T, Utaki R, Tokumoto Y, Sun M, Yasui S, Kurihira N, Kasai Y, Suzuki D, Marteijn R, den Toonder JM, Sekitani T, Kawano Y. Stretchable broadband photo-sensor sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free chemical monitoring by simple deformable wrapping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4349. [PMID: 35544563 PMCID: PMC9094654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical monitoring communicates diverse environmental information from industrial and biological processes. However, promising and sustainable systems and associated inspection devices that dynamically enable on-site quality monitoring of target chemicals confined inside transformable and opaque channels are yet to be investigated. This paper designs stretchable photo-sensor patch sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free on-site dynamic chemical monitoring of liquids flowing inside soft tubes via simple deformable surface wrapping. The device integrates carbon nanotube-based broadband photo-absorbent thin films with multilayer-laminated stretchable electrodes and substrates. The patterned rigid-soft structure of the proposed device provides durability and optical stability against mechanical deformations with a stretchability range of 70 to 280%, enabling shape-conformable attachments to transformable objects. The effective use of omnidirectional and transparent blackbody radiation from free-form targets themselves allows compact measurement configuration and enhances the functionality and simplicity of this scheme, while the presenting technology monitors concentrations of arbitrary water-soluble chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Li
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ryogo Utaki
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yu Tokumoto
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Meiling Sun
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satsuki Yasui
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Naoko Kurihira
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuko Kasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, 807-1 Shuku-machi, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Ruben Marteijn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Jaap M.J. den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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6
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Peyyety NA, Kumar S, Li MK, Dehm S, Krupke R. Tailoring Spectrally Flat Infrared Photodetection with Thickness-Controlled Nanocrystalline Graphite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9525-9534. [PMID: 35138788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a zero-gap semiconductor, absorbs 2.3% of incident photons in a wide wavelength range as a free-standing monolayer, whereas 50% is expected for ∼90 layers. Adjusting the layer number allows the tailoring of the photoresponse; however, controlling the thickness of multilayer graphene remains challenging on the wafer scale. Nanocrystalline graphene or graphite (NCG) can instead be grown with controlled thickness. We have fabricated photodetectors from NCG that are spectrally flat in the near-infrared to short-wavelength infrared region by tailoring the layer thicknesses. Transfer matrix simulations were used to determine the NCG thickness for maximum light absorption in the NCG layer on a silicon substrate. The extrinsic and intrinsic photoresponse was determined from 1100 to 2100 nm using chromatic aberration-corrected photocurrent spectroscopy. Diffraction-limited hyperspectral photocurrent imaging shows that the biased photoresponse is unipolar and homogeneous across the device area, whereas the short-circuit photoresponse gives rise to positive and negative photocurrents at the electrodes. The intrinsic photoresponses are wavelength-independent, indicative of bolometric and electrothermal photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Anirudh Peyyety
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Min-Ken Li
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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8
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Ghaffarkhah A, Hosseini E, Kamkar M, Sehat AA, Dordanihaghighi S, Allahbakhsh A, van der Kuur C, Arjmand M. Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102683. [PMID: 34549513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non-zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon-based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco-friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ali Akbari Sehat
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sara Dordanihaghighi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Allahbakhsh
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Colin van der Kuur
- ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210-1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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9
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Shen L, Zhou S, Huang F, Zhou H, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou S. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid from laser induced graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:115602. [PMID: 34874289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid using laser induced graphene as the carbon source. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were successfully synthesized by adding ammonia water to the graphene suspension. The GQDs/N-GQDs structure consist of a graphitic core with oxygen and nitrogen functionalities with particle size less than 10 nm, as demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectrometer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The absorption peak, PL spectrum, and quantum yield of the N-GQDs were significantly enhanced compared with the undoped GQDs. Further, the possible mechanism of synthesis GQDs was discussed. Furthermore, the N-GQDs were used as a fluorescent probe for detection of Fe3+ions. The N-GQDs may extend the application of graphene-based materials to bioimaging, sensor, and photoelectronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutong Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yildiz G, Bolton-Warberg M, Awaja F. Graphene and graphene oxide for bio-sensing: General properties and the effects of graphene ripples. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:62-79. [PMID: 34237423 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of Graphene based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), in biosensing applications is gaining significant interest, due to high signal output, with strong potential for high industrial growth rate. Graphene's excellent conduction and mechanical properties (such as toughness and elasticity) coupled with high reactivity to chemical molecules are some of its appealing properties. The presence of ripples on the surface (whether indigenous or induced) represents another property/variable that provide enormous potential if harnessed properly. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the use of graphene for biosensing. We discuss briefly the general topic of using graphene for biosensing applications with special emphasis on wearable graphene-based biosensors. The intrinsic ripples of graphene and their effect on graphene biosensing capabilities are thoroughly discussed. We dedicate a section also for the manipulation of intrinsic ripples. Then we review the use of Graphene oxide (GO) in biosensing and discuss the effect of ripples on its properties. We present a review of the current biosensor devices made out of GO for detection of different molecular targets. Finally, we present some thoughts for future perspectives and opportunities of this field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biosensors are tools that detect the presence and amount of a chemical substance, such as pregnancy tests and glucose monitoring devices. They are general portable, have short response times and are sensitive, making them highly effective. Gold and silver are used in biosensors and more recently, graphene. Graphene is sheets of carbon atoms and is the only two-dimensional crystal in nature. It has unique features allowing its effective use in biosensing applications, including the presence of ripples (non-flat areas that give it its electronic properties). The last comprehensive review of this topic was published in 2016. This paper reviews the current knowledge of graphene based biosensors, with a focus on ripples and their effect on graphene biosensing capabilities.
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11
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Pimsin N, Kongsanan N, Keawprom C, Sricharoen P, Nuengmatcha P, Oh WC, Areerob Y, Chanthai S, Limchoowong N. Ultratrace Detection of Nickel(II) Ions in Water Samples Using Dimethylglyoxime-Doped GQDs as the Induced Metal Complex Nanoparticles by a Resonance Light Scattering Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14796-14805. [PMID: 34151061 PMCID: PMC8209797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize dimethylglyoxime (DMG) (N-source)-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) via simultaneous pyrolysis of citric acid and 1.0% (w/v) DMG. The maximum excitation wavelength (λmax, ex = 380 nm) of the N-GQD solution (49% quantum yield (QY)) was a red shift with respect to that of bare GQDs (λmax, ex = 365 nm) (46% QY); at the same maximum emission wavelength (λmax, em = 460 nm), their resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity peak was observed at λmax, ex/em = 530/533 nm. FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine the synthesized materials. The selective and sensitive detection of Ni2+ using the RLS intensity was performed at 533 nm under the optimum conditions consisting of both 25 mg L-1 N-GQDs and 2.5 mg L-1 DMG in the ammonium buffer solution of pH 9.0. The linearity of Ni2+ was 50.0-200.0 μg L-1 with a regression line, y = 5.031x - 190.4 (r 2 = 0.9948). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 20.0 and 60.0 μg L-1, respectively. The method precision expressed as % RSDs was 4.90 for intraday (n = 3 × 3) and 7.65 for interday (n = 5 × 3). This developed method afforded good recoveries of Ni2+ in a range of 85-108% when spiked with real water samples. Overall, this innovative method illustrated the identification and detection of Ni2+ as a DMG complex with N-GQDs, and the detection was highly sensitive and selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Pimsin
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Niradchada Kongsanan
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Keawprom
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phitchan Sricharoen
- Nuclear
Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Prawit Nuengmatcha
- Nanomaterials
Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat
University, Nakhon
Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonrapach Areerob
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Materials
Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence
for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nunticha Limchoowong
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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12
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Han S, Noh S, Kim JW, Lee CR, Lee SK, Kim JS. Stretchable Inorganic GaN-Nanowire Photosensor with High Photocurrent and Photoresponsivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22728-22737. [PMID: 33969979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To effectively implement wearable systems, their constituent components should be made stretchable. We successfully fabricated highly efficient stretchable photosensors made of inorganic GaN nanowires (NWs) as light-absorbing media and graphene as a carrier channel on polyurethane substrates using the pre-strain method. When a GaN-NW photosensor was stretched at a strain level of 50%, the photocurrent was measured to be 0.91 mA, corresponding to 87.5% of that (1.04 mA) obtained in the released state, and the photoresponsivity was calculated to be 11.38 A/W. These photosensors showed photocurrent and photoresponsivity levels much higher than those previously reported for any stretchable semiconductor-containing photosensor. To explain the superior performances of the stretchable GaN-NW photosensor, it was approximated as an equivalent circuit with resistances and capacitances, and in this way, we analyzed the behavior of the photogenerated carriers, particularly at the NW-graphene interface. In addition, the buckling phenomenon typically observed in organic-based stretchable devices fabricated using the pre-strain method was not observed in our photosensors. After a 1000-cycle stretching test with a strain level of 50%, the photocurrent and photoresponsivity of the GaN-NW photosensor were measured to be 0.96 mA and 11.96 A/W, respectively, comparable to those measured before the stretching test. To evaluate the potential of our stretchable devices in practical applications, the GaN-NW photosensors were attached to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger and to the back of the wrist. Photocurrents of these photosensors were monitored during movements made about these joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoon Han
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Siyun Noh
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
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Lee EK, Baruah RK, Leem JW, Park W, Kim BH, Urbas A, Ku Z, Kim YL, Alam MA, Lee CH. Fractal Web Design of a Hemispherical Photodetector Array with Organic-Dye-Sensitized Graphene Hybrid Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004456. [PMID: 33043514 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vision system of arthropods consists of a dense array of individual photodetecting elements across a curvilinear surface. This compound-eye architecture could be a useful model for optoelectronic sensing devices that require a large field of view and high sensitivity to motion. Strategies that aim to mimic the compound-eye architecture involve integrating photodetector pixels with a curved microlens, but their fabrication on a curvilinear surface is challenged by the use of standard microfabrication processes that are traditionally designed for planar, rigid substrates (e.g., Si wafers). Here, a fractal web design of a hemispherical photodetector array that contains an organic-dye-sensitized graphene hybrid composite is reported to serve as an effective photoactive component with enhanced light-absorbing capabilities. The device is first fabricated on a planar Si wafer at the microscale and then transferred to transparent hemispherical domes with different curvatures in a deterministic manner. The unique structural property of the fractal web design provides protection of the device from damage by effectively tolerating various external loads. Comprehensive experimental and computational studies reveal the essential design features and optoelectronic properties of the device, followed by the evaluation of its utility in the measurement of both the direction and intensity of incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kwang Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ratul Kumar Baruah
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Woohyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Zahyun Ku
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraful Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Abstract
Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based electrochemical biosensor is gaining a lot of interest due to its malleability with modern fabrication technology and the ease at which it can be integrated with modern digital electronics. To increase the sensitivity and response time of the FET-based biosensor, many semiconducting materials have been categorized, including 2 dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. These 2D materials are easy to fabricate, increase sensitivity due to the atomic layer, and are flexible for a range of biomolecule detection. Due to the atomic layer of 2D materials each device requires a supporting substrate to fabricate a biosensor. However, uneven morphology of supporting substrate leads to unreliable output from every device due to scattering effect. This review summarizes advances in 2D material-based electrochemical biosensors both in supporting and suspended configurations by using different atomic monolayer, and presents the challenges involved in supporting substrate-based 2D biosensors. In addition, we also point out the advantages of nanomaterials over bulk materials in the biosensor domain.
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15
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Thakur MK, Fang CY, Yang YT, Effendi TA, Roy PK, Chen RS, Ostrikov KK, Chiang WH, Chattopadhyay S. Microplasma-Enabled Graphene Quantum Dot-Wrapped Gold Nanoparticles with Synergistic Enhancement for Broad Band Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28550-28560. [PMID: 32463650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructure/semiconductor nanohybrids offer many opportunities for emerging electronic and optoelectronic device applications because of their unique geometries in the nanometer scale and material properties. However, the development of a simple and scalable synthesis of plasmonic nanostructure/semiconductor nanohybrids is still lacking. Here, we report a direct synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticle/graphene quantum dot (Au@GQD) nanohybrids under ambient conditions using microplasmas and their application as photoabsorbers for broad band photodetectors (PDs). Due to the unique AuNP core and graphene shell nanostructures in the synthesized Au@GQD nanohybrids, the plasmonic absorption of the AuNP core extends the usable spectral range of the photodetectors. It is demonstrated that the Au@GQD-based visible light photodetector simultaneously possesses an extraordinary photoresponsivity of ∼103 A/W, ultrahigh detectivity of 1013 Jones, and fast response time in the millisecond scale (65 ms rise time and 53 ms fall time). We suggest that the synergistic effect can be attributed to the strong fluorescence quenching in Au@GQD coupled with the two-dimensional graphene layer in the device. This work provides knowledge of tailoring the optical absorption in GQDs with plasmonic AuNPs and the corresponding photophysics for broad band response in PD-related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Thakur
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Sec. 4, Da'an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ta Yang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tirta Amerta Effendi
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Sec. 4, Da'an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Pradip Kumar Roy
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-San Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Sec. 4, Da'an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Sec. 4, Da'an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Surojit Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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16
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Li X, Li L, Zhao H, Ruan S, Zhang W, Yan P, Sun Z, Liang H, Tao K. SnSe 2 Quantum Dots: Facile Fabrication and Application in Highly Responsive UV-Detectors. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091324. [PMID: 31540172 PMCID: PMC6781088 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesizing quantum dots (QDs) using simple methods and utilizing them in optoelectronic devices are active areas of research. In this paper, we fabricated SnSe2 QDs via sonication and a laser ablation process. Deionized water was used as a solvent, and there were no organic chemicals introduced in the process. It was a facile and environmentally-friendly method. We demonstrated an ultraviolet (UV)-detector based on monolayer graphene and SnSe2 QDs. The photoresponsivity of the detector was up to 7.5 × 106 mAW−1, and the photoresponse time was ~0.31 s. The n–n heterostructures between monolayer graphene and SnSe2 QDs improved the light absorption and the transportation of photocarriers, which could greatly increase the photoresponsivity of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Huancheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Peiguang Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Huawei Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Keyu Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Garofolini A, Svanera D. Fascial organisation of motor synergies: a hypothesis. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8313. [PMID: 31579475 PMCID: PMC6767996 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of biomechanics and motor control understanding movement coordination is paramount. Motor synergies represent the coordination of neural and physical elements embedded in our bodies in order to optimize the solutions to motor problems. Although we are able to measure and quantify the movement made manifested, we do not have confidence in explaining the anatomical bases of its organisation at different levels. It is our contention that the flexible hierarchical organization of movement relies on the fascial structurers to create functional linkages at different levels, and this concept attunes with the neural control of synergies. At the base of movement organization there is a (somatic) equilibrium point that exists on the fascia where the neurologically- and mechanically-generated tensions dynamically balance out. This somatic equilibrium point is at the base of postural control, afferent flow of information to the nervous system about the state of the muscles, and of the coordinative pre-activation of muscular contraction sequences specific for a synergy. Implications are discussed and suggestions for research and clinical applications are made.
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18
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Ghosh R, Yadav K, Kataria M, Lin HI, Paul Inbaraj CR, Liao YM, Nguyen Y, Lu CH, Hofmann M, Sankar R, Shih WH, Hsieh YP, Chen YF. Heavy Mediator at Quantum Dot/Graphene Heterojunction for Efficient Charge Carrier Transfer: Alternative Approach for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26518-26527. [PMID: 31283174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material nanocomposites have emerged as a material system for discovering new physical phenomena and developing novel devices. However, because of the low density of states of most two-dimensional materials such as graphene, the heterostructure of nanocomposites suffers from an enhanced depletion region, which can greatly reduce the efficiency of the charge carrier transfer and deteriorate the device performance. To circumvent this difficulty, here we propose an alternative approach by inserting a second 2D mediator with a heavy effective mass having a large density of states in-between the heterojunction of 2D nanocomposites. The mediator can effectively reduce the depletion region and form a type-II band alignment, which can speed up the dissociation of electron-hole pairs and enhance charge carrier transfer. To illustrate the principle, we demonstrate a novel stretchable photodetector based on the combination of graphene/ReS2/perovskite quantum dots. Two-dimensional ReS2 acts as a mediator in-between highly absorbing perovskite quantum dots and a high-mobility graphene channel and a thiol-based linker between the ReS2 and the perovskite. It is found that the optical sensitivity can be enhanced by 22 times. This enhancement was ascribed to the improvement of the charge transfer efficiency as evidenced by optical spectroscopy measurements. The produced photosensors are capable of reaching the highest reported value of photoresponsivity (>107 A W-1) and detectivity compared to previously studied stretchable devices. Mechanical robustness with tolerable strain up to 100% and excellent stability make our device ideal for future wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapti Ghosh
- Department of Physics , National Central University , Chung-Li 320 , Taiwan
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Monika Kataria
- Department of Physics , National Central University , Chung-Li 320 , Taiwan
| | | | - Christy Roshini Paul Inbaraj
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Sciences , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Liao
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Hsin Lu
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Heng Shih
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Advanced Research Centre for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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19
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Thakur MK, Gupta A, Fakhri MY, Chen RS, Wu CT, Lin KH, Chattopadhyay S. Optically coupled engineered upconversion nanoparticles and graphene for a high responsivity broadband photodetector. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9716-9725. [PMID: 31066385 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-graphene composite is demonstrated as a high-sensitivity and high-gain photodetector. The 980 nm multiphoton absorbing UCNPs are used as the photoabsorber, and optimized graphene is used as an efficient charge transporter. Although this device class is in its infancy, we show how critical engineering of the UCNPs, with a silica (SiO2) shell, helps to couple it optically with graphene to get a superior device. This initial report of UCNP-graphene optical coupling is expressed as fluorescence enhancement/quenching of the former in the presence of the latter. While the published literature relies mostly on fluorescence quenching in the UCNPs, our devices use both fluorescence quenching (using core UCNPs), and enhancement (using UCNP@SiO2) to significantly enhance the detector parameters. For example, the photoresponsivity of the core-UCNP device was ∼1.52 × 104 A W-1 which could be improved to ∼2.7 × 104 A W-1 (at 980 nm, power density of ∼31.84 μW cm-2, and under a 1.0 V bias) with the UCNP@SiO2 device. The responsivity, gain, and detectivity thus obtained are the highest reported so far for this class of composite photodetectors. The device could detect signals from domestic hand-held appliances such as laser pointers, cellphone flashlights, and air-conditioning remotes. This work will further the knowledge of device photophysics in this class of hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Thakur
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Cai S, Xu X, Yang W, Chen J, Fang X. Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808138. [PMID: 30785644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors (PDs), as an indispensable component in electronics, are highly desired to be flexible to meet the trend of next-generation wearable electronics. Unfortunately, no in-depth reviews on the design strategies, material exploration, and potential applications of wearable photodetectors are found in literature to date. Thus, this progress report first summarizes the fundamental design principles of turning "hard" photodetectors "soft," including 2D (polymer and paper substrate-based devices) and 1D PDs (fiber shaped devices). In short, the flexibility of PDs is realized through elaborate substrate modification, material selection, and device layout. More importantly, this report presents the current progress and specific requirements for wearable PDs according to the application: monitoring, imaging, and optical communication. Challenges and future research directions in these fields are proposed at the end. The purpose of this progress report is not only to shed light on the basic design principles of wearable PDs, but also serve as the roadmap for future exploration in wearable PDs in various applications, including health monitoring and Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Cai
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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21
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Graphene-Based Semiconductor Heterostructures for Photodetectors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9070350. [PMID: 30424283 PMCID: PMC6082276 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene transparent conductive electrodes are highly attractive for photodetector (PD) applications due to their excellent electrical and optical properties. The emergence of graphene/semiconductor hybrid heterostructures provides a platform useful for fabricating high-performance optoelectronic devices, thereby overcoming the inherent limitations of graphene. Here, we review the studies of PDs based on graphene/semiconductor hybrid heterostructures, including device physics/design, performance, and process technologies for the optimization of PDs. In the last section, existing technologies and future challenges for PD applications of graphene/semiconductor hybrid heterostructures are discussed.
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Tetsuka H, Matsui T. Non-ionic Fluorosurfactant Improves Wettability of Nitrogen-functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots for Integration with Optoelectronic Devices. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tetsuka
- Quantum Controlled Graphene Program, Strategic Innovative Research-Domain, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsui
- Quantum Controlled Graphene Program, Strategic Innovative Research-Domain, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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23
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Ding J, Fang H, Lian Z, Lv Q, Sun JL, Yan Q. High-performance stretchable photodetector based on CH 3NH 3PbI 3 microwires and graphene. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10538-10544. [PMID: 29808184 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable photodetector was fabricated by releasing a prestrained 3 M very high bond (VHB) substrate coated with perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 microwires and graphene. The light harvesting CH3NH3PbI3 microwires were realized through a transformation from CH3NH3PbI3 bulk single crystals. Graphene served as an expressway for photoinduced carriers in the perovskite. Under a very low working voltage bias of 0.01 V and irradiance power of 13.5 mW cm-2 under 785 nm laser illumination, the responsivity could be as high as 2.2 mA W-1. When the device was stretched up to 30%, 50%, and 80% strain, the responsivity was maintained at 0.96, 0.60, and 0.21 mA W-1, respectively. It also showed a fast photoresponse (<0.12 s) after stretching to 10%, 30%, 50%, 80%, and even to 100%. The device performed well after 100 cycles of stretching to 50% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huajing Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhipeng Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qianrui Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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24
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Tunable photoluminescence of MoS2 quantum dots passivated by different functional groups. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 511:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Xu Y, Wang X, Zhang WL, Lv F, Guo S. Recent progress in two-dimensional inorganic quantum dots. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:586-625. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review critically summarizes recent progress in the categories, synthetic routes, properties, functionalization and applications of 2D materials-based quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Xu
- College of Life Sciences
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Wen Ling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
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26
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Hu HW, Haider G, Liao YM, Roy PK, Ravindranath R, Chang HT, Lu CH, Tseng CY, Lin TY, Shih WH, Chen YF. Wrinkled 2D Materials: A Versatile Platform for Low-Threshold Stretchable Random Lasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703549. [PMID: 28991394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable, flexible, and bendable random laser system capable of lasing in a wide range of spectrum will have many potential applications in next- generation technologies, such as visible-spectrum communication, superbright solid-state lighting, biomedical studies, fluorescence, etc. However, producing an appropriate cavity for such a wide spectral range remains a challenge owing to the rigidity of the resonator for the generation of coherent loops. 2D materials with wrinkled structures exhibit superior advantages of high stretchability and a suitable matrix for photon trapping in between the hill and valley geometries compared to their flat counterparts. Here, the intriguing functionalities of wrinkled reduced graphene oxide, single-layer graphene, and few-layer hexagonal boron nitride, respectively, are utilized to design highly stretchable and wearable random laser devices with ultralow threshold. Using methyl-ammonium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (PNC) to illustrate the working principle, the lasing threshold is found to be ≈10 µJ cm-2 , about two times less than the lowest value ever reported. In addition to PNC, it is demonstrated that the output lasing wavelength can be tuned using different active materials such as semiconductor quantum dots. Thus, this study is very useful for the future development of high-performance wearable optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Golam Haider
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Pradip Kumar Roy
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Rini Ravindranath
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chang-Yang Tseng
- Department of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yung Lin
- Department of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Heng Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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27
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Trung TQ, Dang VQ, Lee HB, Kim DI, Moon S, Lee NE, Lee H. An Omnidirectionally Stretchable Photodetector Based on Organic-Inorganic Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35958-35967. [PMID: 28948762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Omnidirectionally stretchable photodetectors are limited by difficulties in designing material and fabrication processes that enable stretchability in multiaxial directions. Here, we propose a new approach involving an organic-inorganic p-n heterojunction photodetector comprised of free-standing ZnO nanorods grown on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate transport layer coated on a three-dimensional micropatterned stretchable substrate containing bumps and valleys. This structure allows for efficient absorption of stretching strain. This approach allows the device to accommodate large tensile strain in all of the directions. The device behaves as a photogated p-n heterojunction photodetector in which current modulation was obtained by sensing the mechanisms that rely on photovoltage and photogating effects. The device exhibits a high photoresponse to UV light and reliable electrical performance under applied stretching in uniaxial and omniaxial directions. Furthermore, the device can be easily and conformally attached to a human wrist. This allowed us to investigate the response of the device to UV light during human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinh Quang Dang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Anam-ro 145, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sungjin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Anam-ro 145, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hoen Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Anam-ro 145, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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28
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Gao L. Flexible Device Applications of 2D Semiconductors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603994. [PMID: 28464480 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-like single- or few-layer semiconductors, such as dichalcogenides and buckled nanocrystals, possess direct and tunable bandgaps, and excellent electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. This unique set of desirable properties of 2D semiconductors has triggered great interest in developing ultra-thin 2D flexible electronic devices, which ranges from realizing better material quality and simplified fabrication processes, to improving device performance and expanding the application horizon. The most explored 2D flexible devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorous include field-effect transistors, optoelectronics, electronic sensors and supercapacitors. By taking advantage of a large portfolio of materials and properties of 2D crystals, a new generation of low-cost, high-performance, transparent, flexible and wearable devices looks attractive and promising in advancing flexible electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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29
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Bessonov AA, Allen M, Liu Y, Malik S, Bottomley J, Rushton A, Medina-Salazar I, Voutilainen M, Kallioinen S, Colli A, Bower C, Andrew P, Ryhänen T. Compound Quantum Dot-Perovskite Optical Absorbers on Graphene Enhancing Short-Wave Infrared Photodetection. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5547-5557. [PMID: 28558187 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) combined with a graphene charge transducer promise to provide a photoconducting platform with high quantum efficiency and large intrinsic gain, yet compatible with cost-efficient polymer substrates. The response time in these devices is limited, however, and fast switching is only possible by sacrificing the high sensitivity. Furthermore, tuning the QD size toward infrared absorption using conventional organic capping ligands progressively reduces the device performance characteristics. Here we demonstrate methods to couple large QDs (>6 nm in diameter) with organometal halide perovskites, enabling hybrid graphene phototransistor arrays on plastic foils that simultaneously exhibit a specific detectivity of 5 × 1012 Jones and high video-frame-rate performance. PbI2 and CH3NH3I co-mediated ligand exchange in PbS QDs improves surface passivation and facilitates electronic transport, yielding faster charge recovery, whereas PbS QDs embedded into a CH3NH3PbI3 matrix produce spatially separated photocarriers leading to large gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bessonov
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Allen
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Yinglin Liu
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Surama Malik
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Bottomley
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Rushton
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alan Colli
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bower
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Andrew
- Emberion Limited , Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom
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30
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Kim M, Kang P, Leem J, Nam S. A stretchable crumpled graphene photodetector with plasmonically enhanced photoresponsivity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4058-4065. [PMID: 28116377 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been widely explored for flexible, high-performance photodetectors due to its exceptional mechanical strength, broadband absorption, and high carrier mobility. However, the low stretchability and limited photoabsorption of graphene have restricted its applications in flexible and highly sensitive photodetection systems. Various hybrid systems based on photonic or plasmonic nanostructures have been introduced to improve the limited photoresponsivity of graphene photodetectors. In most cases, the hybrid systems succeeded in the enhancement of photoresponsivity, but showed limited mechanical stretchability. Here, we demonstrate a stretchable photodetector based on a crumpled graphene-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) hybrid structure with ∼1200% enhanced photoresponsivity, compared to a conventional flat graphene-only photodetector, and exceptional mechanical stretchability up to a 200% tensile strain. We achieve plasmonically enhanced photoresponsivity by integrating AuNPs with graphene. By crumpling the hybrid structure, we realize mechanical stretchability and further enhancement of the optical absorption by densification. We also demonstrate that our highly stretchable photodetector with enhanced photoresponsivity can be integrated on a contact lens and a spring structure. We believe that our stretchable, high performance graphene photodetector can find broad applications for conformable and flexible optical sensors and dynamic mechanical strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Pilgyu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Juyoung Leem
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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31
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Tetsuka H, Nagoya A, Tamura SI. Graphene/nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dot hybrid broadband photodetectors with a buffer layer of boron nitride nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19677-19683. [PMID: 27858051 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high performance hybrid broadband photodetector with graphene/nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (NGQDs@GFET) is developed using boron nitride nanosheets (BN-NSs) as a buffer layer to facilitate the separation and transport of photoexcited carriers from the NGQD absorber. The NGQDs@GFET photodetector with the buffer layer of BN-NSs exhibits enhanced photoresponsivity and detectivity in the deep ultraviolet region of ca. 2.3 × 106 A W-1 and ca. 5.5 × 1013 Jones without the application of a backgate voltage. The high level of photoresponsivity persists into the near-infrared region (ca. 3.4 × 102 A W-1 and 8.0 × 109 Jones). In addition, application in flexible photodetectors is demonstrated by the construction of a structure on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. We further show the feasibility of using our flexible photodetectors towards the practical application of infrared photoreflectors. Together with the potential application of flexible photodetectors and infrared photoreflectors, the proposed hybrid photodetectors have potential for use in future graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tetsuka
- Frontier Research-Domain, Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Nagoya
- Frontier Research-Domain, Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Frontier Research-Domain, Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
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32
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Li R, Schneider LM, Heimbrodt W, Wu H, Koch M, Rahimi-Iman A. Gate Tuning of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in a Graphene - Quantum Dot FET Photo-Detector. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28224. [PMID: 27320182 PMCID: PMC4913307 DOI: 10.1038/srep28224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene photo-detectors functionalized by colloidal quantum dots (cQDs) have been demonstrated to show effective photo-detection. Although the transfer of charge carriers or energy from the cQDs to graphene is not sufficiently understood, it is clear that the mechanism and efficiency of the transfer depends on the morphology of the interface between cQDs and graphene, which is determined by the shell of the cQDs in combination with its ligands. Here, we present a study of a graphene field-effect transistor (FET), which is functionalized by long-ligand CdSe/ZnS core/shell cQDs. Time-resolved photo-luminescence from the cQDs as a function of the applied gate voltage has been investigated in order to probe transfer dynamics in this system. Thereby, a clear modification of the photo-luminescence lifetime has been observed, indicating a change of the decay channels. Furthermore, we provide responsivities under a Förster-like energy transfer model as a function of the gate voltage in support of our findings. The model shows that by applying a back-gate voltage to the photo-detector, the absorption can be tuned with respect to the photo-luminescence of the cQDs. This leads to a tunable energy transfer rate across the interface of the photo-detector, which offers an opportunity to optimize the photo-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Li
- Department of Physics and the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | | | - Wolfram Heimbrodt
- Faculty of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Department of Physics and the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Martin Koch
- Faculty of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arash Rahimi-Iman
- Faculty of Physics and Materials Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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33
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Jin Z, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Mao P, Li H, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Graphdiyne:ZnO Nanocomposites for High-Performance UV Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3697-702. [PMID: 27007327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GD), a novel carbon allotrope with a 2D structure comprising benzene rings and carbon-carbon triple bonds, is successfully integrated with ZnO nanoparticles by a wet chemistry method. An ultraviolet photodetector based on these graphdiyne:ZnO nanocomposites exhibits significantly enhanced performance in comparison with a conventional ZnO device. GD may have diverse applications in future optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanhuan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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34
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Roy P, Ravindranath R, Periasamy AP, Lien CW, Liang CT, Chang HT. Green synthesis of Si–GQD nanocomposites as cost-effective catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pictorial representation of Si–GQD nanocomposites for oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathik Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Rini Ravindranath
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Technology Program
| | | | - Chia-Wen Lien
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Liang
- Department of Physics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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