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Banik H, Sarkar S, Bhattacharjee D, Malhotra A, Chauhan A, Hussain SA. Noncytotoxic WORM Memory Using Lysozyme with Ultrahigh Stability for Transient and Sustainable Electronics Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:618-627. [PMID: 38222499 PMCID: PMC10785074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatibility and transient nature of electronic devices have been the matter of attention in recent times due to their immense potential for sustainable solutions toward hazardous e-wastes. In order to fulfill the requirement of high-density data-storage devices due to explosive growth in digital data, a resistive switching (RS)-based memory device could be the promising alternative to the present Si-based electronics. In this research work, we employed a biocompatible enzymatic protein lysozyme (Lyso) as the active layer to design a RS memory device having a device structure Au/Lyso/ITO. Interestingly the device showed transient, WORM memory behavior. It has been observed that the WORM memory performance of the device was very good with high memory window (2.78 × 102), data retention (up to 300 min), device yield (∼73.8%), read cyclability, as well as very high device stability (experimentally >700 days, extrapolated to 3000 days). Bias-induced charge trapping followed by conducting filament formation was the key behind such switching behavior. Transient behavior analysis showed that electronic as well as optical behaviors completely disappeared after 10 s dissolution of the device in luke warm water. Cytotoxicity of the as-prepared device was tested by challenging two environmentally derived bacteria, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and was found to have no biocidal effects. Hence, the device would cause no harm to the microbial flora when it is discarded. As a whole, this work suggests that Lyso-based WORM memory device could play a key role for the design of transient WORM memory device for sustainable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritinava Banik
- Thin
Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- Thin
Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Debajyoti Bhattacharjee
- Thin
Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Akshit Malhotra
- Department
of Microbiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Department
of Microbiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Syed Arshad Hussain
- Thin
Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
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Shaikh MTAS, Nguyen THV, Jeon HJ, Prasad CV, Kim KJ, Jo ES, Kim S, Rim YS. Multilevel Reset Dependent Set of a Biodegradable Memristor with Physically Transient. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306206. [PMID: 38032140 PMCID: PMC10811477 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The electronic device, with its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of fabrication process, shows great potential to embed into health monitoring and hardware data security systems. Herein, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) biopolymer is presented as an active layer, electrochemically active magnesium (Mg) as a metal electrode, and chitosan-based substrate (CHS) to fabricate biocompatible and biodegradable physically transient neuromorphic device (W/Mg/PVP/Mg/CHS). The I-V curve of device is non-volatile bipolar in nature and shows a unique compliance-induced multilevel RESET-dependent-SET behavior while sweeping the compliance current from a few microamperes to milliamperes. Non-volatile and stable switching properties are demonstrated with a long endurance test (100 sweeps) and retention time of over 104 s. The physically transient memristor (PTM) has remarkably high dynamic RON /ROFF (ON/OFF state resistance) ratio (106 Ω), and when placed in deionized (DI) water, the device is observed to completely dissolve within 10 min. The pulse transient measurements demonstrate the neuromorphic computation capabilities of the device in the form of excitatory post synaptic current (EPSC), potentiation, depression, and learning behavior, which resemble the biological function of neurons. The results demonstrate the potential of W/Mg/PVP/Mg/CHS device for use in future healthcare and physically transient electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tauquir Alam Shamim Shaikh
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Institute of Semiconductor and System ICSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Hoang Vu Nguyen
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Jeon
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Institute of Semiconductor and System ICSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Chowdam Venkata Prasad
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Jae Kim
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Jo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Institute of Semiconductor and System ICSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Kim
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - You Seung Rim
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Institute of Semiconductor and System ICSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Zhao X, Huang X, Tang XZ, Sun Z, Ni DL, Hu H, Yue J. Flexible multilevel nonvolatile biocompatible memristor with high durability. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:375. [PMID: 37833677 PMCID: PMC10576337 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current protein or glucose based biomemristors have low resistance-switching performance and require complex structural designs, significantly hindering the development of implantable memristor devices. It is imperative to discover novel candidate materials for biomemristor with high durability and excellent biosafety for implantable health monitoring. Herein, we initially demonstrate the resistance switching characteristics of a nonvolatile memristor in a configuration of Pt/AlOOH/ITO consisting of biocompatible AlOOH nanosheets sandwiched between a Indium Tin Oxides (ITO) electrode and a platinum (Pt) counter-electrode. The hydrothermally synthesized AlOOH nanosheets have excellent biocompatibility as confirmed through the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) tests. Four discrete resistance levels are achieved in this assembled device in responsible to different compliance currents (ICC) for the set process, where the emerging multilevel states show high durability over 103 cycles, outperforming the protein-based biomemristors under similar conditions. The excellent performance of the Pt/AlOOH/ITO memristor is attributed to the significant role of hydrogen proton with pipe effect, as confirmed by both experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) analyses. The present results indicate the nonvolatile memristors with great potential as the next generation implantable multilevel resistive memories for long-term human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Tang
- Research Institute of Aerospace Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Da-Long Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hailong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Hunan Key Laboratory of Advanced fibers and Composites, State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Research Institute of Aerospace Technology, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jianling Yue
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Chiu UT, Lee BF, Ko LN, Yang CS, Chao L. Non-Electroneutrality Generated by Bacteriorhodopsin-Incorporated Membranes Enhances the Conductivity of a Gelatin Memory Device. Gels 2023; 9:635. [PMID: 37623090 PMCID: PMC10453721 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the potential of gelatin films as a memory device, offering a novel approach for writing, reading, and erasing through the manipulation of gelatin structure and bound water content. Here, we discovered that incorporating a bacteriorhodopsin (BR)-lipid membrane into the gelatin devices can further increase the electron conductivity of the polypeptide-bound water network and the ON/OFF ratio of the device by two folds. Our photocurrent measurements show that the BR incorporated in the membrane sandwiched in a gelatin device can generate a net proton flow from the counter side to the deposited side of the membrane. This leads to the establishment of non-electroneutrality on the gelatin films adjacent to the BR-incorporated membrane. Our Raman spectroscopy results show that BR proton pumping in the ON state gelatin device increases the bound water presence and promotes polypeptide unwinding compared to devices without BR. These findings suggest that the non-electroneutrality induced by BR proton pumping can increase the extent of polypeptide unwinding within the gelatin matrix, consequently trapping more bound water within the gelatin-bound water network. The resulting rise in hydrogen bonds could expand electron transfer routes, thereby enhancing the electron conductivity of the memory device in the ON state.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Fan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ning Ko
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shen Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Scandurra G, Arena A, Ciofi C. A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115264. [PMID: 37299990 DOI: 10.3390/s23115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today's world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way. In this paper we want to analyze the state of the art of flexible electronics for the IoT, paying particular attention to the issue of sustainability. Furthermore, considerations will be made on how the skills required for the designers of such flexible circuits, the features required to the new design tools and the characterization of electronic circuits are changing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Arena
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmine Ciofi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Wang S, Zhang P, Li Y, Li J, Li X, Yang J, Ji M, Li F, Zhang C. Recent advances and future challenges of the starch-based bio-composites for engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 307:120627. [PMID: 36781278 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Starch is regarded as one of the most promising sustainable materials due to its abundant yield and excellent biodegradability. From the perspective of practical engineering applications, this paper systematically describes the development of starch-based bio-composites in the past decade. Packaging properties, processing characteristics, and current challenges for the efficient processing of starch-based bio-composites are reviewed in industrial packaging. Green coatings, binders, adsorbents, flocculants, flame retardants, and emulsifiers are used as examples to illustrate the versatility of starch-based bio-composites in chemical agent applications. In addition, the work compares the application of starch-based bio-composites in conventional spinning with emerging spinning technologies and describes the challenges of electrostatic spinning for preparing nanoscale starch-based fibers. In terms of flexible electronics, the starch-based bio-composites are regard as a solid polymer electrolyte and easily modified porous material. Moreover, we describe the applications of the starch-based gels in tissue engineering, controlled drug release, and medical dressings. Finally, the theoretical input and technical guidance in the advanced sustainable engineering application of the starch-based bio-composites are provided in the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junru Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jihua Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Maocheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Kim Y, An JS, Lee D, Ryu SY, Hwang YC, Kim DH, Kim TW. Biocompatible memristive device based on an agarose@gold nanoparticle-nanocomposite layer obtained from nature for neuromorphic computing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6491. [PMID: 37081006 PMCID: PMC10119280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural, organic, materials-based artificial synaptic devices have been in the spotlight for wearable/flexible devices due to their lightweight, biocompatibility, and scalability. In this study, an electronic memristive device based on agarose extracted from plants in the Rhodophyceae class was fabricated, and its memory characteristics and analog data processing capabilities were evaluated. The Al/agarose@gold nanoparticle (AuNP) film/indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-structured memristive device exhibited reliable resistive switching characteristics with excellent retention with a large Ron/Roff ratio of 104. Also, analog conductance changes in our device were achieved with power consumption at the pJ level. This notable behavior could be maintained under mechanical deformations from a flat to a 4-mm bent state. In the recognition simulation based on the device's performance, an 91% accuracy and clear digit classification were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seop An
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Ryu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Chul Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Wen D. Physical Transient Photoresistive Variable Memory Based on Graphene Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3976. [PMID: 36432261 PMCID: PMC9695640 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials have attracted attention as a major material for biodegradable and transient electronic devices. In this work, biocompatible gelatin-doped graphene quantum dot films are reported as active layer switching memories with good electrical properties and physical transient properties. Such nonvolatile memory devices have write-once-read-many electrical properties and a concentrated distribution of low-resistance and high-resistance states. It provides a solution for the current obstacle of resistive memory storage and computing integration. Based on the sensitivity of the device to ultraviolet light, the "OR gate" logic operation is completed. Furthermore, the active layer can be dissolved in deionized water within 15 min, and the gelatin substrate-based device can be destroyed immediately in water, indicating the potential biodegradation and physical transient properties of our fabricated device. Biocompatible memory devices are environmentally friendly, sustainable for safe storage, and low-cost, making them ideal for storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-4502-5666
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9
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Go GT, Lee Y, Seo DG, Lee TW. Organic Neuroelectronics: From Neural Interfaces to Neuroprosthetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201864. [PMID: 35925610 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Requirements and recent advances in research on organic neuroelectronics are outlined herein. Neuroelectronics such as neural interfaces and neuroprosthetics provide a promising approach to diagnose and treat neurological diseases. However, the current neural interfaces are rigid and not biocompatible, so they induce an immune response and deterioration of neural signal transmission. Organic materials are promising candidates for neural interfaces, due to their mechanical softness, excellent electrochemical properties, and biocompatibility. Also, organic nervetronics, which mimics functional properties of the biological nerve system, is being developed to overcome the limitations of the complex and energy-consuming conventional neuroprosthetics that limit long-term implantation and daily-life usage. Examples of organic materials for neural interfaces and neural signal recordings are reviewed, recent advances of organic nervetronics that use organic artificial synapses are highlighted, and then further requirements for neuroprosthetics are discussed. Finally, the future challenges that must be overcome to achieve ideal organic neuroelectronics for next-generation neuroprosthetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Tak Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang L, Yang J, Zhu H, Li W, Wen D. Flexible Threshold-Type Switching Devices with Low Threshold and High Stability Based on Silkworm Hemolymph. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3709. [PMID: 36296899 PMCID: PMC9611976 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a floating-gate flexible nonvolatile memory is reported that is composed of natural biological materials, namely, silkworm hemolymph, graphene quantum dots as the floating-gate layer, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the insulating layer. The device has a high ON/OFF current ratio (4.76 × 106), a low setting voltage (<−1.75 V), and good durability and retention ability. The device has two storage characteristics, namely, Flash and WORM, which can be effectively and accurately controlled by adjusting the limiting current during device setting. The resistance switching characteristics are the result of the formation and fracture of conductive filaments. The floating-gate flexible bioresistive random access memory prepared in this paper provides a new idea for the development of multifunctional and biocompatible flexible memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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11
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Wen D. Flexible Transient Resistive Memory Based on Biodegradable Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193531. [PMID: 36234659 PMCID: PMC9565246 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical transient electronics have attracted more attention as the basis for building green electronics and biomedical devices. However, there are difficulties in selecting materials for the fabricated devices to take into account both biodegradability and high performance. In this paper, a physically transient resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device was fabricated by using egg protein and graphene quantum dot composites as active layers. The sandwich structure composed of Al/EA:GQD/ITO shows a good write-once-multiple-read memory characteristic, and the introduced GQD improves the switching current ratio of the device. By using the sensitivity of GQDs to ultraviolet light, the logic operation of the "OR gate" is completed. Furthermore, the device exhibits a physical transient behavior and good biodegradability due to the dissolution behavior in deionized water. These results suggest that the device is a favorable candidate for the construction of memory elements for transient electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-4502-5666
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12
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Zhang K, Xue Q, Zhou C, Mo W, Chen CC, Li M, Hang T. Biopolymer based artificial synapses enable linear conductance tuning and low-power for neuromorphic computing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12898-12908. [PMID: 36040454 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01996e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing is considered a promising method for resolving the traditional von Neumann bottleneck. Natural biomaterial-based artificial synapses are popular units for constructing neuromorphic computing systems while suffering from poor linearity and limited conduction states. In this work, a AgNO3 doped iota-carrageenan (ι-car) based memristor is proposed to resolve the non-linear limitation. The memristor presents linear conductance tuning with a higher endurance (∼104), more enriched conduction states (>2000), and much lower power consumption (∼3.6 μW) than previously reported biomaterial-based analog memristors. AgNO3 is doped to ι-car to suppress the formation of Ag filaments, thereby eliminating uneven Joule heating. Using deep learning of hand-written digits as an application, a doping-enhanced recognition accuracy (93.8%) is achieved, close to that of an ideal synaptic device (95.7%). This work verifies the feasibility of using biopolymers for future high-performance computational and wearable/implantable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanneng Mo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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13
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Wen D. Physically Transient, Flexible, and Resistive Random Access Memory Based on Silver Ions and Egg Albumen Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3061. [PMID: 36080098 PMCID: PMC9457884 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-resistance random access memory has high application potential in the field of next-generation green nonvolatile memory. Because of their biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, natural biomaterials are suitable for the fabrication of biodegradable and physically transient resistive switching memory devices. A flexible memory device with physically transient properties was fabricated with silver ions and egg albumen composites as active layers, which exhibited characteristics of write-once-read-many-times (WORM), and the incorporation of silver ions improved the ON/OFF current ratio of the device. The device can not only complete the logical operations of "AND gate" and "OR gate", but its active layer film can also be dissolved in deionized water, indicating that it has the characteristics of physical transients. This biocompatible memory device is a strong candidate for a memory element for the construction of transient electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-4502-5666
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Xu J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Wang Z, Tang Q, Xu H, Liu Y. Memristors with Biomaterials for Biorealistic Neuromorphic Applications. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
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15
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Mao S, Sun B, Zhou G, Guo T, Wang J, Zhao Y. Applications of biomemristors in next generation wearable electronics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:822-848. [PMID: 35697026 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of mobile internet and artificial intelligence, wearable electronic devices have a great market prospect. In particular, information storage and processing of real-time collected data are an indispensable part of wearable electronic devices. Biomaterial-based memristive systems are suitable for storage and processing of the obtained information in wearable electronics due to the accompanying merits, i.e. sustainability, lightweight, degradability, low power consumption, flexibility and biocompatibility. So far, many biomaterial-based flexible and wearable memristive devices were prepared by spin coating or other technologies on a flexible substrate at room temperature. However, mechanical deformation caused by mechanical mismatch between devices and soft tissues leads to the instability of device performance. From the current research and practical application, the device will face great challenges when adapting to different working environments. In fact, some interesting studies have been performed to address the above issues while they were not intensively highlighted and overviewed. Herein, the progress in wearable biomemristive devices is reviewed, and the outlook and perspectives are provided in consideration of the existing challenges during the development of wearable biomemristive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangsuo Mao
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 351007, China
| | - Bai Sun
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 351007, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
- Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Scholl of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiangqiu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
- Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China.
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 351007, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
- Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
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Raeis-Hosseini N, Chen S, Papavassiliou C, Valov I. Impact of Zr top electrode on tantalum oxide-based electrochemical metallization resistive switching memory: towards synaptic functionalities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14235-14245. [PMID: 35558855 PMCID: PMC9092617 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) devices have been made by sub-stoichiometric deposition of a tantalum oxide switching film (Ta2O5-x ) using sputtering. We investigated the influence of zirconium as the active top electrode material in the lithographically fabricated ECM devices. A simple capacitor like (Pt/Zr/Ta2O5-x /Pt) structure represented the resistive switching memory. A cyclic voltammetry measurement demonstrated the electrochemical process of the memory device. The I-V characteristics of ECMs show stable bipolar resistive switching properties with reliable endurance and retention. The resistive switching mechanism results from the formation and rupture of a conductive filament characteristic of ECM. Our results suggest that Zr can be considered a potential active electrode in the ECMs for the next generation of nonvolatile nanoelectronics. We successfully showed that the ECM device can work under AC pulses to emulate the essential characteristics of an artificial synapse by further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Raeis-Hosseini
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2BT UK
| | - Shaochuan Chen
- Peter Gruenberg Institute, Research Centre Juelich Juelich 52425 Germany
| | - Christos Papavassiliou
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2BT UK
| | - Ilia Valov
- Peter Gruenberg Institute, Research Centre Juelich Juelich 52425 Germany.,Institute for Materials in Electrical Engineering II, RWTH Aachen University Sommerfeldstrasse 24 Aachen 52074 Germany
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Abstract
Bio-memristors constitute candidates for the next generation of non-volatile storage and bionic synapses due to their biocompatibility, environmental benignity, sustainability, flexibility, degradability, and impressive memristive performance. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural and abundant biomaterial with excellent mechanical, optical, electrical, and structure-adjustable properties as well as being easy to process, has been utilized and shown to have potential in the construction of bio-memristors. Here, we first summarize the fundamental mechanisms of bio-memristors based on SF. Then, the latest achievements and developments of pristine and composited SF-based memristors are highlighted, followed by the integration of memristive devices. Finally, the challenges and insights associated with SF-based bio-memristors are presented. Advances in SF-based bio-memristors will open new avenues in the design and integration of high-performance bio-integrated systems and facilitate their application in logic operations, complex circuits, and neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
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Wang L, Wang Y, Wen D. Tunable biological nonvolatile multilevel data storage devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24834-24841. [PMID: 34719695 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The speed with which electronic products are updated is continuously increasing. Consequently, since waste electronic products can cause serious environmental pollution, the demand for electronic products made of biological materials is becoming increasingly urgent. Although biological memristors have significant advantages, their electrical characteristics still do not meet the requirements to be used in future nonvolatile memories. Therefore, how to control their electrical characteristics has become a popular topic of research. In this study, tunable biomemristors with an Al/tussah blood (TB)-carbon nanotube (CNT)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass structure were fabricated. Such a device exhibits stable bipolar resistance switching behavior and good retention characteristics (104 s). Experimental results show that the ON/OFF current ratio can be effectively controlled by modifying the CNT concentration in the TB-CNT composite film. Multilevel (8 levels, 3 bits per cell) storage capabilities can be achieved in the device by controlling its compliance current in order to achieve high-density storage. The resistance switching behavior originates from the formation and rupture of conductive oxygen vacancy filaments. TB is a promising natural biomaterial in the field of green electronics, and this research could blaze a new trail for the development of biological memory devices. Biomemristors with multilevel resistance states can be used as electronic synapses and are one of the choices for simulating biological synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China. .,HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China. .,HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China. .,HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
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19
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Kim Y, Park CH, An JS, Choi SH, Kim TW. Biocompatible artificial synapses based on a zein active layer obtained from maize for neuromorphic computing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20633. [PMID: 34667193 PMCID: PMC8526676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices based on natural organic materials are becoming the most desirable for extending their fields of applications to include wearable and implantable devices due to their biocompatibility, flexibility, lightweight, and scalability. Herein, we proposed a zein material, extracted from natural maize, as an active layer in an artificial synapse. The synaptic device exhibited notable digital-data storage and analog data processing capabilities. Remarkably, the zein-based synaptic device achieved recognition accuracy of up to 87% and exhibited clear digit-classification results on the learning and inference test. Moreover, the recognition accuracy of the zein-based artificial synapse was maintained within a difference of less than 2%, regardless of mechanically stressed conditions. We believe that this work will be an important asset toward the realization of wearable and implantable devices utilizing artificial synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hyeon Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seop An
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Wang L, Yang T, Wen D. Tunable Multilevel Data Storage Bioresistive Random Access Memory Device Based on Egg Albumen and Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2085. [PMID: 34443915 PMCID: PMC8401437 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a tuneable multilevel data storage bioresistive memory device is prepared from a composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and egg albumen (EA). By changing the concentration of MWCNTs incorporated into the egg albumen film, the switching current ratio of aluminium/egg albumen:multiwalled carbon nanotubes/indium tin oxide (Al/EA:MWCNT/ITO) for resistive random access memory increases as the concentration of MWCNTs decreases. The device can achieve continuous bipolar switching that is repeated 100 times per cell with stable resistance for 104 s and a clear storage window under 2.5 × 104 continuous pulses. Changing the current limit of the device to obtain low-state resistance values of different states achieves multivalue storage. The mechanism of conduction can be explained by the oxygen vacancies and the smaller number of iron atoms that are working together to form and fracture conductive filaments. The device is nonvolatile and stable for use in rewritable memory due to the adjustable switch ratio, adjustable voltage, and nanometre size, and it can be integrated into circuits with different power consumption requirements. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the fields of data storage and neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (T.Y.); (D.W.)
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21
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Wen D. Flexible Nonvolatile Bioresistive Random Access Memory with an Adjustable Memory Mode Capable of Realizing Logic Functions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081973. [PMID: 34443804 PMCID: PMC8401196 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a flexible bioresistive memory with an aluminum/tussah hemolymph/indium tin oxide/polyethylene terephthalate structure is fabricated by using a natural biological material, tussah hemolymph (TH), as the active layer. When different compliance currents (Icc) are applied to the device, it exhibits different resistance characteristics. When 1 mA is applied in the positive voltage range and 100 mA is applied in the negative voltage range, the device exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior. Additionally, when 1 mA is applied in both the positive- and negative-voltage ranges, the device exhibits write-once-read-many-times (WORM) characteristics. The device has good endurance, with a retention time exceeding 104 s. After 104 bending cycles, the electrical characteristics remain constant. This memory device can be applied for “AND” and “OR” logic operations in programmable logic circuits. The prepared flexible and transparent biomemristor made of pure natural TH provides a promising new approach for realizing environmentally friendly and biocompatible flexible memory, nerve synapses, and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-4502-5666
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22
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Raeis-Hosseini N, Rho J. Solution-Processed Flexible Biomemristor Based on Gold-Decorated Chitosan. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5445-5450. [PMID: 33476514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main requirements for skin-attachable memory devices are flexibility and biocompatibility. We represent a flexible, transparent, and biocompatible resistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) based on gold-decorated chitosan for future flexible and wearable electronics. The device with an Ag/Au-chitosan/Au cross-bar structure shows nonvolatile ReRAM properties. This fabricated Au-chitosan-based biocompatible ReRAM (bioReRAM) shows reliable bipolar memory performance with mechanical flexibility. The device shows essential memory characterizations including long data retention and hundreds of switching cycles. The origin of the resistance switching properties is related to trap-assisted space-charge-limited conduction in the high-resistance state and formation/annihilation of a conductive filament in the low-resistance state. This transparent bioReRAM is a viable candidate for flexible and biodegradable nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Raeis-Hosseini
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BT London, U.K
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
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23
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Min SY, Cho WJ. Memristive Switching Characteristics in Biomaterial Chitosan-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Artificial Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E773. [PMID: 33466648 PMCID: PMC7828668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the memristive switching characteristics of a biomaterial solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) chitosan-based memristor and confirmed its artificial synaptic behavior with analog switching. Despite the potential advantages of organic memristors for high-end electronics, the unstable multilevel states and poor reliability of organic devices must be overcome. The fabricated Ti/SPE-chitosan/Pt-structured memristor has stable bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behavior due to a cation-based electrochemical reaction between a polymeric electrolyte and metal ions and exhibits excellent endurance in 5 × 102 DC cycles. In addition, we achieved multilevel per cell (MLC) BRS I-V characteristics by adjusting the set compliance current (Icc) for analog switching. The multilevel states demonstrated uniform resistance distributions and nonvolatile retention characteristics over 104 s. These stable MLC properties are explained by the laterally intensified conductive filaments in SPE-chitosan, based on the linear relationship between operating voltage margin (ΔVswitching) and Icc. In addition, the multilevel resistance dependence on Icc suggests the capability of continuous analog resistance switching. Chitosan-based SPE artificial synapses ensure the emulation of short- and long-term plasticity of biological synapses, including excitatory postsynaptic current, inhibitory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and paired-pulse depression. Furthermore, the gradual conductance modulations upon repeated stimulation by 104 electric pulses were evaluated in high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won-Ju Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Chambit-kwan, B104, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea;
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Guo T, Sun B, Ranjan S, Jiao Y, Wei L, Zhou YN, Wu YA. From Memristive Materials to Neural Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54243-54265. [PMID: 33232112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The information technologies have been increasing exponentially following Moore's law over the past decades. This has fundamentally changed the ways of work and life. However, further improving data process efficiency is facing great challenges because of physical and architectural limitations. More powerful computational methodologies are crucial to fulfill the technology gap in the post-Moore's law period. The memristor exhibits promising prospects in information storage, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence. Since the memristor was theoretically predicted by L. O. Chua in 1971 and experimentally confirmed by HP Laboratories in 2008, it has attracted great attention from worldwide researchers. The intrinsic properties of memristors, such as simple structure, low power consumption, compatibility with the complementary metal oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, and dual functionalities of the data storage and computation, demonstrate great prospects in many applications. In this review, we cover the memristor-relevant computing technologies, from basic materials to in-memory computing and future prospects. First, the materials and mechanisms in the memristor are discussed. Then, we present the development of the memristor in the domains of the synapse simulating, in-memory logic computing, deep neural networks (DNNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs). Finally, the existent technology challenges and outlook of the state-of-art applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bai Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Shubham Ranjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yixuan Jiao
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Y Norman Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Min SY, Cho WJ. CMOS-compatible synaptic transistor gated by chitosan electrolyte-Ta 2O 5 hybrid electric double layer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15561. [PMID: 32968169 PMCID: PMC7511302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a hybrid electric double layer (EDL) with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility by stacking a chitosan electrolyte and a Ta2O5 high-k dielectric thin film. Bio-inspired synaptic transistors with excellent electrical stability were fabricated using the proposed hybrid EDL for the gate dielectric layer. The Ta2O5 high-k dielectric layer with high chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength enables CMOS-compatible patterning processes on biocompatible organic polymer chitosan electrolytes. This technique achieved ion-conduction from the chitosan electrolyte to the In-Ga-Zn oxide (IGZO) channel layer. The on/off current ratio, subthreshold voltage swing, and the field-effect mobility of the fabricated IGZO EDL transistors (EDLTs) exhibited excellent electrical properties of 1.80 × 107, 96 mV/dec, and 3.73 cm2/V·s, respectively. A resistor-loaded inverter was constructed by connecting an IGZO EDLT with a load resistor (400 MΩ) in series. This demonstrated good inverter action and responded to the square-wave input signals. Synaptic behaviours such as the hysteresis window and excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) variations were evaluated for different DC gate voltage sweep ranges and different AC gate spike stimuli, respectively. Therefore, the proposed organic–inorganic hybrid EDL is expected to be useful for implementing an extremely compact neural architecture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Min
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Chambit-Kwan, B 104, Wolgye 1-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
| | - Won-Ju Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Chambit-Kwan, B 104, Wolgye 1-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701, Korea.
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Wang L, Wang J, Wen D. Devices with Tuneable Resistance Switching Characteristics Based on a Multilayer Structure of Graphene Oxide and Egg Albumen. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081491. [PMID: 32751364 PMCID: PMC7466537 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We used graphene oxide (GO) and egg albumen (EA) to fabricate bipolar resistance switching devices with indium tin oxide (ITO)/GO/EA/GO/Aluminum (Al) and ITO/EA/Al structures. The experimental results show that these ITO/GO/EA/GO/Al and ITO/EA/Al bio-memristors exhibit rewritable flash memory characteristics. Comparisons of ITO/GO/EA/GO/Al devices with 0.05 ωt %, 0.5 ωt %, and 2 ωt % GO in the GO layers and the ITO/EA/Al device show that the ON/OFF current ratio of these devices increases as the GO concentration decreases. Among these devices, the highest switching current ratio is 1.87 × 103. Moreover, the RESET voltage decreases as the GO concentration decreases, which indicates that GO layers with different GO concentrations can be adopted to adjust the ON/OFF current ratio and the RESET voltage. When the GO concentration is 0.5 ωt %, the device can be switched more than 200 times. The retention times of all the devices are longer than 104 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-4502-5666
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27
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Pradhan S, Brooks A, Yadavalli V. Nature-derived materials for the fabrication of functional biodevices. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100065. [PMID: 32613186 PMCID: PMC7317235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature provides an incredible source of inspiration, structural concepts, and materials toward applications to improve the lives of people around the world, while preserving ecosystems, and addressing environmental sustainability. In particular, materials derived from animal and plant sources can provide low-cost, renewable building blocks for such applications. Nature-derived materials are of interest for their properties of biodegradability, bioconformability, biorecognition, self-repair, and stimuli response. While long used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, their use in functional devices such as (bio)electronics, sensors, and optical systems for healthcare and biomonitoring is finding increasing attention. The objective of this review is to cover the varied nature derived and sourced materials currently used in active biodevices and components that possess electrical or electronic behavior. We discuss materials ranging from proteins and polypeptides such as silk and collagen, polysaccharides including chitin and cellulose, to seaweed derived biomaterials, and DNA. These materials may be used as passive substrates or support architectures and often, as the functional elements either by themselves or as biocomposites. We further discuss natural pigments such as melanin and indigo that serve as active elements in devices. Increasingly, combinations of different biomaterials are being used to address the challenges of fabrication and performance in human monitoring or medicine. Finally, this review gives perspectives on the sourcing, processing, degradation, and biocompatibility of these materials. This rapidly growing multidisciplinary area of research will be advanced by a systematic understanding of nature-inspired materials and design concepts in (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pradhan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - A.K. Brooks
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - V.K. Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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Park HL, Lee Y, Kim N, Seo DG, Go GT, Lee TW. Flexible Neuromorphic Electronics for Computing, Soft Robotics, and Neuroprosthetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903558. [PMID: 31559670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible neuromorphic electronics that emulate biological neuronal systems constitute a promising candidate for next-generation wearable computing, soft robotics, and neuroprosthetics. For realization, with the achievement of simple synaptic behaviors in a single device, the construction of artificial synapses with various functions of sensing and responding and integrated systems to mimic complicated computing, sensing, and responding in biological systems is a prerequisite. Artificial synapses that have learning ability can perceive and react to events in the real world; these abilities expand the neuromorphic applications toward health monitoring and cybernetic devices in the future Internet of Things. To demonstrate the flexible neuromorphic systems successfully, it is essential to develop artificial synapses and nerves replicating the functionalities of the biological counterparts and satisfying the requirements for constructing the elements and the integrated systems such as flexibility, low power consumption, high-density integration, and biocompatibility. Here, the progress of flexible neuromorphic electronics is addressed, from basic backgrounds including synaptic characteristics, device structures, and mechanisms of artificial synapses and nerves, to applications for computing, soft robotics, and neuroprosthetics. Finally, future research directions toward wearable artificial neuromorphic systems are suggested for this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hea-Lim Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Naryung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Tak Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Xing X, Chen M, Gong Y, Lv Z, Han ST, Zhou Y. Building memory devices from biocomposite electronic materials. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:100-121. [PMID: 32165990 PMCID: PMC7054979 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1725395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural biomaterials are potential candidates for the next generation of green electronics due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. On the other hand, the application of biocomposite systems in information storage, photoelectrochemical sensing, and biomedicine has further promoted the progress of environmentally benign bioelectronics. Here, we mainly review recent progress in the development of biocomposites in data storage, focusing on the application of biocomposites in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) and field effect transistors (FET) with their device structure, working mechanism, flexibility, transient characteristics. Specifically, we discuss the application of biocomposite-based non-volatile memories for simulating biological synapse. Finally, the application prospect and development potential of biocomposites are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Xing
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gong
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Lv
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- CONTACT Ye Zhou Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Wen D, Xie Y, Sun F, Mo X, Zhu J, Sun H. Logic Gate Functions Built with Nonvolatile Resistive Switching and Thermoresponsive Memory Based on Biologic Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7745-7752. [PMID: 31773960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Logic gate functions built with nonvolatile resistive switching and thermoresponsive memory based on biologic proteins were investigated. The "NAND" and "NOR" functions of logic gates in soya protein devices have been built at room temperature by their nonvolatile ternary WORM resistive switching behaviors. Furthermore, heating the devices from room temperature to 358 K results in a switch from tristable state to bistable state WORM resistive switching behavior, indicating that the thermoresponsiveness can be efficiently memorized. The biologic transient nonvolatile memory device consisting of soya protein is illustrated. This device exhibits a long data retention time (104 s) and significant HRS/LRS ratio (∼105); the transient response of the current to voltage of an as-fabricated device is also explored. The soya protein based memory device on a gelatin film substrate is also assessed to validate the feasibility of degradation and biological compatibility for the implantable biological electronic device, that is, innoxious and avirulent to the human body. This can offer alternative avenues for exploring prospective bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Yaqin Xie
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Fengyun Sun
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Xichao Mo
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - He Sun
- HLJ Province Key Laboratories of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
- School of Electronic Engineering , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
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Resistive Switching Memory Devices Based on Body Fluid of Bombyx mori L. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080540. [PMID: 31426438 PMCID: PMC6723076 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resistive switching memory devices are strong candidates for next-generation data storage devices. Biological memristors made from renewable natural biomaterials are very promising due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ecological benignity. In this study, a nonvolatile memristor was fabricated using the body fluid of Bombyx mori as the dielectric layer. The developed Al/Bombyx mori body fluid film/indium tin oxide (ITO) biomemristor exhibited bipolar resistive switching characteristics with a maximum on/off current ratio greater than 104. The device showed a retention time of more than 1 × 104 s without any signs of deterioration, thus proving its good stability and reliability. The resistive switching behavior of the Al/Bombyx mori body fluid film/ITO biological memristor is driven by the formation and breakage of conductive filaments formed by the migration of oxygen ions. This study confirms that Bombyx mori body fluid, a 100% natural, inexpensive, and abundant material, is a potential candidate as a nonvolatile biomemristor material with broad application prospects.
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32
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Electron transfer through protein-bound water and its bioelectronic application. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 136:16-22. [PMID: 31029005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article reports that a metastructure of polypeptides with the bound water can have high and stable electron conductivity without classic electron-conducting components. We used gelatin as the model protein since the peptide chains contain numerous sites capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The lack of redox sites and the trace amounts of aromatic amino acids also eliminate the possibility that the electron transfer is due to redox reactions or pi-stacking. Our Raman spectroscopy results show that the high electron-conductive metastructure is composed of bound water and unwound gelatin polypeptides. Further removal of bound water from the metastructure dramatically decreases the electron-conductivity, indicating that bound water is crucial to connect the polypeptide chains for the electron-conductivity. In addition, the ability to switch between the low-electron-conductive typical hydrogel state and the high-electron-conductive metastructure state of the gelatin hydrogel allows the gelatin hydrogel to exhibit rewritable nonvolatile resistive memory features. The high ON/OFF current ratio of 105 at a low reading voltage of 0.09 V is superior to that of conventional nonvolatile resistive memories by one order of magnitude. The discovered phenomenon of using bound water and flexible polypeptide structure for long-distance electron transfer could provide a new direction for designing highly biocompatible conducting materials or functional devices in bioelectronics.
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Lee BR, Park JH, Lee TH, Kim TG. Highly Flexible and Transparent Memristive Devices Using Cross-Stacked Oxide/Metal/Oxide Electrode Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5215-5222. [PMID: 30623639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and transparent memristive (FT memristors) devices are considered to be among the promising candidates for future nonvolatile memories. To realize these devices, it is essential to achieve flexible and transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). However, conventionally used TCEs such as indium tin oxide, gallium zinc oxide, and indium zinc oxide are not so flexible and even necessitate thermal annealing for high conductivity and optical transmittance. Here, we introduce Ag/ZnO/Ag- and Ag/Al2O3/Ag-based FT memristors using cross-stacked oxide/metal/oxide electrode layers (i.e., ZnO/Ag/ZnO + ZnO/Ag/ZnO and Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3 + Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3) without using any annealing process on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates (PETs). Both Ag/ZnO/Ag- and Ag/Al2O3/Ag-based FT memristors on PETs exhibited excellent properties, including high transmittance (>86% in the visible region), high on/off current ratios (>103), and long retention times (>105 s). In addition, they showed very stable and flexible characteristics on PETs even after 2500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 8.1 mm. Finally, we analyzed transmission electron microscopy images and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy profiles to identify switching mechanisms in these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Ryong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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34
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Rebora C, Huang R, Kissling GP, Bocquet M, Groot KD, Favre L, Grosso D, Deleruyelle D, Putero M. Conductive-bridge memory cells based on a nanoporous electrodeposited GeSbTe alloy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:025202. [PMID: 30382029 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae6db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of memory devices based on a nanoporous GeSbTe layer electrodeposited inbetween TiN and Ag electrodes. It is shown that devices can operate along two distinct electrical modes consisting of a volatile or a non-volatile resistance switching mode upon appropriate preconditioning procedures. Based on electrical measurements conducted in both switching modes and physical analysis performed on a device after electrical stress, resistance switching is attributed to the formation/dissolution of a conductive filament from the Ag electrode into the GST layer whereas the volatile/non-volatile resistance switching is attributed to the presence of an interface layer between the GST and the Ag top electrode. Due to their simple, low-cost and low-temperature fabrication procedure, these devices could be advantageously exploited in flexible electronic applications or embedded into the back-end of line CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rebora
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen, F-13397 Marseille, France
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Kim MK, Lee JS. Ultralow Power Consumption Flexible Biomemristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10280-10286. [PMID: 29464944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low power consumption is the important requirement in memory devices for saving energy. In particular, improved energy efficiency is essential in implantable electronic devices for operation under a limited power supply. Here, we demonstrate the use of κ-carrageenan (κ-car) as the resistive switching layer to achieve memory that has low power consumption. A carboxymethyl (CM) group is introduced to the κ-car to increase its ionic conductivity. Ag was doped in CM:κ-car to improve the resistive switching properties of the devices. Memory devices based on Ag-doped CM:κ-car showed electroforming-free resistive switching. This device exhibited low reset voltage (∼0.05 V), fast switching speed (50 ns), and high on/off ratio (>103) under low compliance current (10-5 A). Its power consumption (∼0.35 μW) is much lower than those of the previously reported biomemristors. The resistive switching may be a result of an electrochemical redox process and Ag filament formation in the CM:κ-car under an electric field. This biopolymer memory can also be fabricated on flexible substrate. This study verifies the feasibility of using biopolymers for applications to future implantable and biocompatible nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
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36
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Zhou L, Mao J, Ren Y, Han ST, Roy VAL, Zhou Y. Recent Advances of Flexible Data Storage Devices Based on Organic Nanoscaled Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1703126. [PMID: 29377568 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the trend of miniaturization as per Moore's law, and facing the strong demand of next-generation electronic devices that should be highly portable, wearable, transplantable, and lightweight, growing endeavors have been made to develop novel flexible data storage devices possessing nonvolatile ability, high-density storage, high-switching speed, and reliable endurance properties. Nonvolatile organic data storage devices including memory devices on the basis of floating-gate, charge-trapping, and ferroelectric architectures, as well as organic resistive memory are believed to be favorable candidates for future data storage applications. In this Review, typical information on device structure, memory characteristics, device operation mechanisms, mechanical properties, challenges, and recent progress of the above categories of flexible data storage devices based on organic nanoscaled materials is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Mao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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37
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Wang L, Wen D. Nonvolatile Bio-Memristor Based on Silkworm Hemolymph Proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17418. [PMID: 29234084 PMCID: PMC5727189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the first successful fabrication of an ITO/silkworm hemolymph/Al bio-memristor using silkworm hemolymph as the active layer. Experiments demonstrate that the silkworm hemolymph bio-memristor is a nonvolatile rewritable bipolar memory device with a current switching ratio exceeding 103. The state of the bio-memristor can be retained for more than 104 seconds and remains stable for at least 500 cycles. Tests of 1/f noise have shown that the resistance switching characteristics of the silkworm hemolymph bio-memristor are related to the formation and breaking of conductive filaments, which result from the migration of oxygen ions and the oxidation and reduction of metal cations in the silkworm hemolymph film. The naturally non-toxic silkworm hemolymph offers advantages for human health, environmental protection, and biocompatibility. The proposed nonvolatile rewritable bio-memristor based on silkworm hemolymph possesses great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China.
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38
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Zheng K, Tian Y, Fan M, Zhang J, Cheng J. Recyclable, shape-memory, and self-healing soy oil-based polyurethane crosslinked by a thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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39
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Park Y, Lee JS. Artificial Synapses with Short- and Long-Term Memory for Spiking Neural Networks Based on Renewable Materials. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8962-8969. [PMID: 28837313 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Emulation of biological synapses that perform memory and learning functions is an essential step toward realization of bioinspired neuromorphic systems. Artificial synaptic devices have been developed based mostly on inorganic materials and conventional semiconductor device fabrication processes. Here, we propose flexible biomemristor devices based on lignin by a simple solution process. Lignin is one of the most abundant organic polymers on Earth and is biocompatible, biodegradable, as well as environmentally benign. This memristor emulates several essential synaptic behaviors, including analog memory switching, short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, spike-rate-dependent plasticity, and short-term to long-term transition. A flexible lignin-based artificial synapse device can be operated without noticeable degradation under mechanical bending test. These results suggest lignin can be a promising key component for artificial synapses and flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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40
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Ling H, Yi M, Nagai M, Xie L, Wang L, Hu B, Huang W. Controllable Organic Resistive Switching Achieved by One-Step Integration of Cone-Shaped Contact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701333. [PMID: 28707713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive filaments (CFs)-based resistive random access memory possesses the ability of scaling down to sub-nanoscale with high-density integration architecture, making it the most promising nanoelectronic technology for reclaiming Moore's law. Compared with the extensive study in inorganic switching medium, the scientific challenge now is to understand the growth kinetics of nanoscale CFs in organic polymers, aiming to achieve controllable switching characteristics toward flexible and reliable nonvolatile organic memory. Here, this paper systematically investigates the resistive switching (RS) behaviors based on a widely adopted vertical architecture of Al/organic/indium-tin-oxide (ITO), with poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as the case study. A nanoscale Al filament with a dynamic-gap zone (DGZ) is directly observed using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) , which demonstrates that the RS behaviors are related to the random formation of spliced filaments consisting of Al and oxygen vacancy dual conductive channels growing through carbazole groups. The randomicity of the filament formation can be depressed by introducing a cone-shaped contact via a one-step integration method. The conical electrode can effectively shorten the DGZ and enhance the localized electric field, thus reducing the switching voltage and improving the RS uniformity. This study provides a deeper insight of the multiple filamentary mechanisms for organic RS effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ling
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Masaru Nagai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Park Y, Lee JS. Flexible Multistate Data Storage Devices Fabricated Using Natural Lignin at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6207-6212. [PMID: 28078883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioinspired and sustainable electronics has induced research on biocompatible and biodegradable materials. However, conventional electronic devices have been restricted due to their nonbiodegradable and sometimes harmful and toxic materials, which can even cause environmental issues. Here, we report a resistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) device based on lignin, which is a biodegradable waste product of the paper industry. The active layer of the device can be easily formed using a simple solution process on a plastic substrate. The memory devices show stable bipolar resistive switching behavior with good endurance and retention. Appropriate control of the maximum reset voltage and compliance current can yield multibit data storage capability with at least four resistance states, which can be exploited to realize a high-density memory device. The resistive switching mechanism may be a result of formation and rupture of carbon-rich filaments. These results suggest that lignin is a promising candidate material for an inexpensive and environmentally benign ReRAM device. We believe that this study can initiate a new route toward development of biocompatible and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Zhu JX, Zhou W, Wang ZQ, Xu HY, Lin Y, Liu WZ, Ma JG, Liu YC. Flexible, transferable and conformal egg albumen based resistive switching memory devices. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg albumen based RRAM devices transferred onto nonconventional substrates demonstrate flexible and conformal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. X. Zhu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - W. L. Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Z. Q. Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - H. Y. Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - Y. Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - W. Z. Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - J. G. Ma
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
| | - Y. C. Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology
- Northeast Normal University
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
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