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Abdellah AM, Ismail F, Siig OW, Yang J, Andrei CM, DiCecco LA, Rakhsha A, Salem KE, Grandfield K, Bassim N, Black R, Kastlunger G, Soleymani L, Higgins D. Impact of palladium/palladium hydride conversion on electrochemical CO 2 reduction via in-situ transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:938. [PMID: 38296966 PMCID: PMC10831057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 offers a sustainable route for producing fuels and chemicals. Pd-based catalysts are effective for converting CO2 into formate at low overpotentials and CO/H2 at high overpotentials, while undergoing poorly understood morphology and phase structure transformations under reaction conditions that impact performance. Herein, in-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and select area diffraction measurements are applied to track the morphology and Pd/PdHx phase interconversion under reaction conditions as a function of electrode potential. These studies identify the degradation mechanisms, including poisoning and physical structure changes, occurring in PdHx/Pd electrodes. Constant potential density functional theory calculations are used to probe the reaction mechanisms occurring on the PdHx structures observed under reaction conditions. Microkinetic modeling reveals that the intercalation of *H into Pd is essential for formate production. However, the change in electrochemical CO2 conversion selectivity away from formate and towards CO/H2 at increasing overpotentials is due to electrode potential dependent changes in the reaction energetics and not a consequence of morphology or phase structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fatma Ismail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver W Siig
- CatTheory, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen M Andrei
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Amirhossein Rakhsha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kholoud E Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nabil Bassim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robert Black
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy, Mining, and Environment Research Centre, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Kastlunger
- CatTheory, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Hwang SH, Kim YK, Seo HJ, Jeong SM, Kim J, Lim SK. The Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Carbon Fibers: The Effect of Hollow Porous Structure and Surface Modification. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071830. [PMID: 34361215 PMCID: PMC8308342 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, highly porous carbon fiber was prepared for hydrogen storage. Porous carbon fiber (PCF) and activated porous carbon fiber (APCF) were derived by carbonization and chemical activation after selectively removing polyvinyl alcohol from a bi-component fiber composed of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The chemical activation created more pores on the surface of the PCF, and consequently, highly porous APCF was obtained with an improved BET surface area (3058 m2 g−1) and micropore volume (1.18 cm3 g−1) compare to those of the carbon fiber, which was prepared by calcination of monocomponent PAN. APCF was revealed to be very efficient for hydrogen storage, its hydrogen capacity of 5.14 wt% at 77 K and 10 MPa. Such hydrogen storage capacity is much higher than that of activated carbon fibers reported previously. To further enhance hydrogen storage capacity, catalytic Pd nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of the APCF. The Pd-deposited APCF exhibits a high hydrogen storage capacity of 5.45 wt% at 77 K and 10 MPa. The results demonstrate the potential of Pd-deposited APCF for efficient hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Hwang
- Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.K.K.); (H.-J.S.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Young Kwang Kim
- Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.K.K.); (H.-J.S.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.K.K.); (H.-J.S.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Soon Moon Jeong
- Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.K.K.); (H.-J.S.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Jongwon Kim
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.K.L.)
| | - Sang Kyoo Lim
- Division of Energy Technology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (Y.K.K.); (H.-J.S.); (S.M.J.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.K.L.)
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Kim YK, Hwang SH, Jeong SM, Son KY, Lim SK. Colorimetric hydrogen gas sensor based on PdO/metal oxides hybrid nanoparticles. Talanta 2018; 188:356-364. [PMID: 30029388 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized new colorimetric hydrogen-sensing materials, PdO/metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles, in which palladium oxide was loaded upon surface of substrate materials via an acid-base reaction between a H2PdCl4 solution and substrate materials, ZnO, MgO, TiO2, and SiO2 respectively at 25 °C. The colorimetric hydrogen gas sensing properties of all the samples, PdO/ZnO, PdO/MgO, PdO/TiO2 and PdO/SiO2, were characterized and compared in order to investigate how hydrogen gas sensitivity would be affected by surface property of substrate materials. It was confirmed that the amount of the loaded PdO, which was thought to be closely related with the colorimetric hydrogen sensitivity, was quite different according to the substrate materials and was increased with increasing of the basicity of substrate materials (ZnO > MgO > TiO2 > SiO2). Consequently, among the PdO/metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles, the largest amount of PdO was observed to be loaded on ZnO substrate nanoparticles due to its highest basicity. The best colorimetric hydrogen gas sensing properties (color difference, ΔE = 71.57) was observed in PdO/ZnO hybrid nanoparticles, showing the most prominent color change from brown to black, when the sample was exposed to hydrogen gas of 4 vol% balanced with nitrogen for 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Kim
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Hwang
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Moon Jeong
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Son
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyoo Lim
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Bhat SA, Rashid N, Rather MA, Pandit SA, Rather GM, Ingole PP, Bhat MA. PdAg Bimetallic Nanoalloy-Decorated Graphene: A Nanohybrid with Unprecedented Electrocatalytic, Catalytic, and Sensing Activities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16376-16389. [PMID: 29658695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports about the promising and tunable electrocatalytic activity and stability of nanoalloys have stimulated an intense research activity toward the design and synthesis of homogeneously alloyed novel bimetallic nanoelectrocatalysts. We herein present a simple one-pot facile wet-chemical approach for the deposition of high-quality bimetallic palladium-silver (PdAg) homogeneous nanoalloy crystals on reduced graphene (Gr) oxide sheets. Morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations of the so-crafted nanohybrids establish a homogeneous distribution of 1:1 PdAg nanoalloy crystals supported over reduced graphene oxide (PdAg-Gr). The PdAg-Gr nanohybrids exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic, catalytic, and electroanalytical performances. The PdAg-Gr samples were found to exhibit exceptional durability when subjected to repeated potential cycles or long-term electrolysis. In the CVs recorded for fuel cell reactions, viz. methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, and for detoxification of environmental pollutants, viz. electroreduction of methyl iodide and chloroacetonitrile over PdAg-Gr with potential sweep rate of 25 mVs-1, the peak potentials were observed to be just -0.221, -0.297, (vs Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) -1.508, and -1.189 V (vs Fc+/Fc), respectively. The potential of PdAg-Gr nanohybrid for simultaneous and sensitive electrochemical sensing and estimation of hydroxybenzene isomers with very low detection limits (0.05 μM for hydroquinone, 0.06 μM for catechol, 6.7 nM for 4-aminophenol, and 13.7 nM for 2-aminophenol) is demonstrated. Additionally, PdAg-Gr was observed to offer excellent solution-phase catalytic performance in bringing about the reduction of notorious environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol to pharmaceutically important 4-aminophenol with an apparent rate constant ( kapp) of 3.106 × 10-2 s-1 and a normalized rate constant ( knor) of 6.21 × 102 s-1 g-1. The presented synthetic scheme besides being high yielding, low cost, and easy to carry out results in the production of PdAg-Gr nanohybrids with stability and activity significantly better than most of the nanomaterials purposefully designed and testified so far by various groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar 190006 , J&K , India
| | - Nusrat Rashid
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | | | - Sarwar Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar 190006 , J&K , India
| | | | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kashmir , Srinagar 190006 , J&K , India
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Yau A, Harder RJ, Kanan MW, Ulvestad A. Imaging the Hydrogen Absorption Dynamics of Individual Grains in Polycrystalline Palladium Thin Films in 3D. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10945-10954. [PMID: 29035558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries often control the properties of polycrystalline materials. In nanocrystalline materials, investigating this structure-function relationship while preserving the sample remains challenging because of the short length scales and buried interfaces involved. Here we use Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to investigate the role of structural inhomogeneity on the hydriding phase transformation dynamics of individual Pd grains in polycrystalline films in three-dimensional detail. In contrast to previous reports on single- and polycrystalline nanoparticles, we observe no evidence of a hydrogen-rich surface layer and consequently no size dependence in the hydriding phase transformation pressure over a 125-325 nm size range. We do observe interesting grain boundary dynamics, including reversible rotations of grain lattices while the material remains in the hydrogen-poor phase. The mobility of the grain boundaries, combined with the lack of a hydrogen-rich surface layer, suggests that the grain boundaries are acting as fast diffusion sites for the hydrogen atoms. Such hydrogen-enhanced plasticity in the hydrogen-poor phase provides insight into the switch from the size-dependent behavior of single-crystal nanoparticles to the lower transformation pressures of polycrystalline materials and may play a role in hydrogen embrittlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Yau
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ross J Harder
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew W Kanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew Ulvestad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Zhang Z, Sheng L, Chen L, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Atomic-scale observation of pressure-dependent reduction dynamics of W 18O 49 nanowires using environmental TEM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:16307-16311. [PMID: 28608883 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The real-time observation of structural evolution of materials can provide critical information for understanding their reduction mechanisms under different environments. Herein, we report the atomic-scale observation of the reduction dynamics of W18O49 nanowires (NWs) using environmental transmission electron microscopy. Intriguingly, the reduction pathway is found to be affected by oxygen pressure. Under high oxygen pressure (∼0.095 Pa), a W18O49 NW epitaxially transforms into a WO2 NW via mass transport across the interface between (010)W18O49 and (101)WO2. While under low oxygen pressure (∼0.0004 Pa), the transformation follows the sequence of W18O49(NW) → WO2(NW) → β-W(nanoparticles), which is identified as a new reduction pathway. These findings reveal the pressure-dependent reduction and a new transformation pathway, and extend our current understanding of the reduction dynamics of metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Zhang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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