1
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Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110625. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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2
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Ling SD, Liu Z, Ma W, Chen Z, Du Y, Xu J. A Novel Step-T-Junction Microchannel for the Cell Encapsulation in Monodisperse Alginate-Gelatin Microspheres of Varying Mechanical Properties at High Throughput. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080659. [PMID: 36005055 PMCID: PMC9406195 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation has been widely employed in cell therapy, characterization, and analysis, as well as many other biomedical applications. While droplet-based microfluidic technology is advantageous in cell microencapsulation because of its modularity, controllability, mild conditions, and easy operation when compared to other state-of-art methods, it faces the dilemma between high throughput and monodispersity of generated cell-laden microdroplets. In addition, the lack of a biocompatible method of de-emulsification transferring cell-laden hydrogel from cytotoxic oil phase into cell culture medium also hurtles the practical application of microfluidic technology. Here, a novel step-T-junction microchannel was employed to encapsulate cells into monodisperse microspheres at the high-throughput jetting regime. An alginate–gelatin co-polymer system was employed to enable the microfluidic-based fabrication of cell-laden microgels with mild cross-linking conditions and great biocompatibility, notably for the process of de-emulsification. The mechanical properties of alginate-gelatin hydrogel, e.g., stiffness, stress–relaxation, and viscoelasticity, are fully adjustable in offering a 3D biomechanical microenvironment that is optimal for the specific encapsulated cell type. Finally, the encapsulation of HepG2 cells into monodisperse alginate–gelatin microgels with the novel microfluidic system and the subsequent cultivation proved the maintenance of the long-term viability, proliferation, and functionalities of encapsulated cells, indicating the promising potential of the as-designed system in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
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3
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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4
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Schmidt BVKJ. Multicompartment Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100895. [PMID: 35092101 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels belong to the most promising materials in polymer and materials science at the moment. As they feature soft and tissue-like character as well as high water-content, a broad range of applications are addressed with hydrogels, e.g. tissue engineering and wound dressings but also soft robotics, drug delivery, actuators and catalysis. Ways to tailor hydrogel properties are crosslinking mechanism, hydrogel shape and reinforcement, but new features can be introduced by variation of hydrogel composition as well, e.g. via monomer choice, functionalization or compartmentalization. Especially, multicompartment hydrogels drive progress towards complex and highly functional soft materials. In the present review the latest developments in multicompartment hydrogels are highlighted with a focus on three types of compartments, i.e. micellar/vesicular, droplets or multi-layers including various sub-categories. Furthermore, several morphologies of compartmentalized hydrogels and applications of multicompartment hydrogels will be discussed as well. Finally, an outlook towards future developments of the field will be given. The further development of multicompartment hydrogels is highly relevant for a broad range of applications and will have a significant impact on biomedicine and organic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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5
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Biglione C, Neumann‐Tran TMP, Kanwal S, Klinger D. Amphiphilic micro‐ and nanogels: Combining properties from internal hydrogel networks, solid particles, and micellar aggregates. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Sidra Kanwal
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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6
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Sattari A, Janfaza S, Mashhadi Keshtiban M, Tasnim N, Hanafizadeh P, Hoorfar M. Microfluidic On-Chip Production of Alginate Hydrogels Using Double Coflow Geometry. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25964-25971. [PMID: 34660958 PMCID: PMC8515369 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels employing external gelation has numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the encapsulation of delicate cargos; however, the on-chip production of microgels in microfluidic devices can be challenging due to problems such as clogging caused by accelerated progress in precursor solution viscosity. Here, we introduce a novel microfluidic design incorporating two consecutive coflow geometries for microfluidic droplet generation. A shielding oil phase is employed to avoid emulsification and gelation stages from occurring simultaneously, thereby preventing clogging. The results revealed that the microfluidic device could generate highly monodispersed spherical droplets (coefficient of variation < 3%) with an average diameter in the range of 60-200 μm. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the device could appropriately create a shelter of the oil phase around the inner aqueous phase regardless of the droplet formation regime and flow conditions. The ability of the proposed microfluidic device in the generation of microgels was validated by producing alginate microgels utilizing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride as the continuous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Sattari
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 16589-53571, Iran
- School
of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sajjad Janfaza
- School
of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Mohsen Mashhadi Keshtiban
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 16589-53571, Iran
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School
of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pedram Hanafizadeh
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 16589-53571, Iran
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
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7
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Shieh H, Saadatmand M, Eskandari M, Bastani D. Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels using combined geometries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1565. [PMID: 33452407 PMCID: PMC7810975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels using external gelation can serve numerous applications that involve encapsulation of sensitive cargos. Nevertheless, on-chip production of microgels in microfluidic devices can be challenging due to problems induced by the rapid increase in precursor solution viscosity like clogging. Here, a novel design incorporating a step, which includes a sudden increase in cross-sectional area, before a flow-focusing nozzle was proposed for microfluidic droplet generators. Besides, a shielding oil phase was utilized to avoid the occurrence of emulsification and gelation stages simultaneously. The step which was located before the flow-focusing nozzle facilitated the full shielding of the dispersed phase due to 3-dimensional fluid flow in this geometry. The results showed that the microfluidic device was capable of generating highly monodispersed spherical droplets (CV < 2% for step and CV < 5% for flow-focusing nozzle) with an average diameter in the range of 90-190 μm, both in step and flow-focusing nozzle. Moreover, it was proved that the device could adequately create a shelter for the dispersed phase regardless of the droplet formation locus. The ability of this microfluidic device in the production of microgels was validated by creating alginate microgels (with an average diameter of ~ 100 μm) through an external gelation process with on-chip calcium chloride emulsion in mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Shieh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saadatmand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Bastani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Kim JM, Heo TY, Choi SH. Structure and Relaxation Dynamics for Complex Coacervate Hydrogels Formed by ABA Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
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9
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Mabesoone MFJ, Gopez JD, Paulus IE, Klinger D. Tunable biohybrid hydrogels from coacervation of hyaluronic acid and PEO‐based block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
- Department of Molecular MaterialsRadboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey D. Gopez
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Ilka E. Paulus
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin‐Luise‐Str. 2‐4, 14195 Berlin Germany
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10
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Kim S, Lee SM, Lee SS, Shin DS. Microfluidic Generation of Amino-Functionalized Hydrogel Microbeads Capable of On-Bead Bioassay. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080527. [PMID: 31405057 PMCID: PMC6723060 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic generation of hydrogel microbeads is a highly efficient and reproducible approach to create various functional hydrogel beads. Here, we report a method to prepare crosslinked amino-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) microbeads using a microfluidic channel. The microbeads generated from a microfluidic device were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. We found that the microbeads were monodisperse and the amino groups were localized on the shell region of the microbeads. A swelling test exhibited compatibility with various solvents. A cell binding assay was successfully performed with RGD peptide-coupled amino-functionalized hydrogel microbeads. This strategy will enable the large production of the various functional microbeads, which can be used for solid phase peptide synthesis and on-bead bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Myung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dong-Sik Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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11
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Zhou P, Wu S, Hegazy M, Li H, Xu X, Lu H, Huang X. Engineered borate ester conjugated protein-polymer nanoconjugates for pH-responsive drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109914. [PMID: 31500030 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To improve the clinical efficiency of cytotoxic anticancer drugs e.g. doxorubicin (DOX), reduce the severe off-target side effects, and allow the more biocompatible and biodegradable drug penetration into tumor cells, our research efforts developed a new DOX-conjugated protein polymer nanoconjugates (PPNCs) prodrugs delivery system. Briefly, DOX was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the complex was treated with lactobionic acid (LA) as well as folic acid (FA) to enhance drug endocytosis and targeting selectivity. Such functionalized BSA could be conjugated with a designed phenylboronic acid functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) via forming a pH-sensitive borate ester bond to give the functionalized PPNCs prodrugs. The potential of the PPNCs prodrugs on tumor cells therapy was systematically evaluated in dose/time-dependent effects. In vitro results showed a rapid accumulation of the prodrugs into the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell during the first 30 min and reached maximum at 24 h. Moreover, the cell-killing effect was observed quickly after 4 h incubation with an IC50 of 0.5 mg/mL (≈4 μM/L). In general, given the efficient pH-dependent DOX release of these constructed nanoconjugates, it is anticipated to contribute a potential delivery strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China; INSERM UMR-S 1165/Université Paris Diderot, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Mohammad Hegazy
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Li
- INSERM U1234/University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rouen, France
| | - Xueju Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - He Lu
- INSERM UMR-S 1165/Université Paris Diderot, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Xin Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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12
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Recent Advances in Droplet-based Microfluidic Technologies for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060412. [PMID: 31226819 PMCID: PMC6631694 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used in various biochemical and molecular biological assays. Since this platform technique allows manipulation of large amounts of data and also provides absolute accuracy in comparison to conventional bioanalytical approaches, over the last decade a range of basic biochemical and molecular biological operations have been transferred to drop-based microfluidic formats. In this review, we introduce recent advances and examples of droplet-based microfluidic techniques that have been applied in biochemistry and molecular biology research including genomics, proteomics and cellomics. Their advantages and weaknesses in various applications are also comprehensively discussed here. The purpose of this review is to provide a new point of view and current status in droplet-based microfluidics to biochemists and molecular biologists. We hope that this review will accelerate communications between researchers who are working in droplet-based microfluidics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
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13
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Agrawal G, Agrawal R. Functional Microgels: Recent Advances in Their Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801724. [PMID: 30035853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, a spotlight is shown on aqueous microgel particles which exhibit a great potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tissue engineering. Herein, different synthetic methods to develop microgels with desirable functionality and properties along with degradable strategies to ensure their renal clearance are briefly presented. A special focus is given on the ability of microgels to respond to various stimuli such as temperature, pH, redox potential, magnetic field, light, etc., which helps not only to adjust their physical and chemical properties, and degradability on demand, but also the release of encapsulated bioactive molecules and thus making them suitable for drug delivery. Furthermore, recent developments in using the functional microgels for cell imaging and tissue regeneration are reviewed. The results reviewed here encourage the development of a new class of microgels which are able to intelligently perform in a complex biological environment. Finally, various challenges and possibilities are discussed in order to achieve their successful clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
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14
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Kim KY, Kim J, Park H, Choi Y, Kwon KY, Jung JH. Helical Inversion of Peptide-based Supramolecular Co 2+
Complexes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Jaehyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Hyesong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Yeonweon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Korea
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15
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Li T, Kumru B, Al Nakeeb N, Willersinn J, Schmidt BVKJ. Thermoadaptive Supramolecular α-Cyclodextrin Crystallization-Based Hydrogels via Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymer Templating. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E576. [PMID: 30966610 PMCID: PMC6404023 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels play a prominent role in contemporary research of hydrophilic polymers. Especially, hydrogels based on α-cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol) (α-CD/PEG) complexation and crystal formation are studied frequently. Here, the effect of double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) on α-CD/PEG hydrogel properties is investigated. Therefore, a novel DHBC, namely poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) (PVP-b-POEGMA), was synthesized via a combination of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and modular conjugation methods. In the next step, hydrogel formation was studied after α-CD addition. Interestingly, DHBC-based hydrogels showed a significant response to thermal history. Heating of the gels to different temperatures led to different mechanical properties after cooling to ambient temperature, i.e., gels with mechanical properties similar to the initial gels or weak flowing gels were obtained. Thus, the hydrogels showed thermoadaptive behavior, which might be an interesting property for future applications in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Noah Al Nakeeb
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jochen Willersinn
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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16
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Gregoritza M, Abstiens K, Graf M, Goepferich AM. Fabrication of antibody-loaded microgels using microfluidics and thiol-ene photoclick chemistry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:194-203. [PMID: 29471077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing burst effects, providing controlled release, and safeguarding biologics against degradation are a few of several highly attractive applications for microgels in the field of controlled release. However, the incorporation of proteins into microgels without impairing stability is highly challenging. In this proof of concept study, the combination of microfluidics and thiol-ene photoclick chemistry was evaluated for the fabrication of antibody-loaded microgels with narrow size distribution. Norbornene-modified eight-armed poly(ethylene glycol) with an average molecular mass of 10,000 Da, 20,000 Da, or 40,000 Da were prepared as macromonomers for microgel formation. For functionalization, either hydrolytically cleavable ester or stable amide bonds were used. A microfluidic system was employed to generate precursor solution droplets containing macromonomers, the cross-linker dithiothreitol and the initiator Eosin-Y. Irradiation with visible light was used to trigger thiol-ene reactions which covalently cross-linked the droplets. For all bond-types, molecular masses, and concentrations gelation was very rapid (<20 s) and a plateau for the complex shear modulus was reached after only 5 min. The generated microgels had a rod-like shape and did not show considerable cellular toxicity. Stress conditions during the fabrication process were simulated and it could be shown that fabrication did not impair the activity of the model proteins lysozyme and bevacizumab. It was confirmed that the average hydrogel network mesh size was similar or smaller than the hydrodynamic diameter of bevacizumab which is a crucial factor for restricting diffusion and delaying release. Finally, microgels were loaded with bevacizumab and a sustained release over a period of 30 ± 4 and 47 ± 7 days could be achieved in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gregoritza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Abstiens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim M Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Silva JYR, da Luz LL, Mauricio FGM, Vasconcelos Alves IB, Ferro JNDS, Barreto E, Weber IT, de Azevedo WM, Júnior SA. Lanthanide-Organic Gels as a Multifunctional Supramolecular Smart Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16458-16465. [PMID: 28447448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional smart supramolecular platform based on a lanthanide-organic hydrogel is presented. This platform, which provides unique biocompatibility and tunable optical properties, is synthesized by a simple, fast, and reproducible eco-friendly microwave-assisted route. Photoluminescent properties enable the production of coated light-emitting diodes (LED), unique luminescent barcodes dependent on the excitation wavelength and thin-films for use in tamper seals. Moreover, piroxicam entrapped in hydrogel acts as a transdermal drug release device efficient in inhibiting edemas as compared to a commercial reference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Alagoas , Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Távora Weber
- Inorganic and Materials Laboratory, University of Brasília , Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-000, Brazil
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