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Ngocho K, Yang X, Wang Z, Hu C, Yang X, Shi H, Wang K, Liu J. Synthetic Cells from Droplet-Based Microfluidics for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400086. [PMID: 38563581 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic cells function as biological mimics of natural cells by mimicking salient features of cells such as metabolism, response to stimuli, gene expression, direct metabolism, and high stability. Droplet-based microfluidic technology presents the opportunity for encapsulating biological functional components in uni-lamellar liposome or polymer droplets. Verified by its success in the fabrication of synthetic cells, microfluidic technology is widely replacing conventional labor-intensive, expensive, and sophisticated techniques justified by its ability to miniaturize and perform batch production operations. In this review, an overview of recent research on the preparation of synthetic cells through droplet-based microfluidics is provided. Different synthetic cells including lipid vesicles (liposome), polymer vesicles (polymersome), coacervate microdroplets, and colloidosomes, are systematically discussed. Efforts are then made to discuss the design of a variety of microfluidic chips for synthetic cell preparation since the combination of microfluidics with bottom-up synthetic biology allows for reproductive and tunable construction of batches of synthetic cell models from simple structures to higher hierarchical structures. The recent advances aimed at exploiting them in biosensors and other biomedical applications are then discussed. Finally, some perspectives on the challenges and future developments of synthetic cell research with microfluidics for biomimetic science and biomedical applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleins Ngocho
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xilei Yang
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Cunjie Hu
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State key laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Maffeis V, Hürlimann D, Krywko-Cendrowska A, Schoenenberger CA, Housecroft CE, Palivan CG. A DNA-Micropatterned Surface for Propagating Biomolecular Signals by Positional on-off Assembly of Catalytic Nanocompartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202818. [PMID: 35869606 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is pivotal for the transfer of information between and within living cells. The composition and spatial organization of specified compartments are key to propagating soluble signals. Here, a high-throughput platform mimicking multistep signal transduction which is based on a geometrically defined array of immobilized catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) that consist of distinct polymeric nanoassemblies encapsulating enzymes and DNA or enzymes alone is presented. The dual role of single entities or tandem CNCs in providing confined but communicating spaces for complex metabolic reactions and in protecting encapsulated compounds from denaturation is explored. To support a controlled spatial organization of CNCs, CNCs are patterned by means of DNA hybridization to a microprinted glass surface. Specifically, CNC-functionalized DNA microarrays are produced where individual reaction compartments are kept in close proximity by a distinct geometrical arrangement to promote effective communication. Besides a remarkable versatility and robustness, the most prominent feature of this platform is the reversibility of DNA-mediated CNC-anchoring which renders it reusable. Micropatterns of polymer-based nanocompartment assemblies offer an ideal scaffold for the development of the next generation responsive and communicative soft-matter analytical devices for applications in catalysis and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maffeis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Hürlimann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Agata Krywko-Cendrowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
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Wang P, Moreno S, Janke A, Boye S, Wang D, Schwarz S, Voit B, Appelhans D. Probing Crowdedness of Artificial Organelles by Clustering Polymersomes for Spatially Controlled and pH-Triggered Enzymatic Reactions. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3648-3662. [PMID: 35981858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most sophisticated biological functions and features of cells are based on self-organization, and the coordination and connection between their cell organelles determines their key functions. Therefore, spatially ordered and controllable self-assembly of polymersomes to construct clusters to simulate complex intracellular biological functions has attracted widespread attention. Here, we present a simple one-step copper-free click strategy to cross-link nanoscale pH-responsive and photo-cross-linked polymersomes (less than 100 nm) to micron-level clusters (more than 90% in 0.5-2 μm range). Various influencing factors in the clustering process and subsequent purification methods were studied to obtain optimal clustered polymeric vesicles. Even when polymeric vesicles separately loaded with different enzymes (glucose oxidase and myoglobin) are coclustered, the overall permeability of the clusters can still be regulated through tuning the pH values on demand. Compared with simple blending of those enzyme-loaded polymersomes, the rate of enzymatic cascade reaction increased significantly due to the interconnected complex microstructure established. The connection of catalytic nanocompartments into clusters confining different enzymes of a cascade reaction provides an excellent platform for the development of artificial systems mimicking natural organelles or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.,Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Janke
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dishi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.,Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.,Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Hernández Becerra E, Quinchia J, Castro C, Orozco J. Light-Triggered Polymersome-Based Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050836. [PMID: 35269324 PMCID: PMC8912464 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are biomimetic cell membrane-like model structures that are self-assembled stepwise from amphiphilic copolymers. These polymeric (nano)carriers have gained the scientific community’s attention due to their biocompatibility, versatility, and higher stability than liposomes. Their tunable properties, such as composition, size, shape, and surface functional groups, extend encapsulation possibilities to either hydrophilic or hydrophobic cargoes (or both) and their site-specific delivery. Besides, polymersomes can disassemble in response to different stimuli, including light, for controlling the “on-demand” release of cargo that may also respond to light as photosensitizers and plasmonic nanostructures. Thus, polymersomes can be spatiotemporally stimulated by light of a wide wavelength range, whose exogenous response may activate light-stimulable moieties, enhance the drug efficacy, decrease side effects, and, thus, be broadly employed in photoinduced therapy. This review describes current light-responsive polymersomes evaluated for anticancer therapy. It includes light-activable moieties’ features and polymersomes’ composition and release behavior, focusing on recent advances and applications in cancer therapy, current trends, and photosensitive polymersomes’ perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hernández Becerra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Cristina Castro
- Engineering School, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bloque 11, Cq. 1 No. 70-01, Medellín 050004, Colombia;
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Ikkene D, Arteni AA, Ouldali M, Francius G, Brûlet A, Six JL, Ferji K. Direct Access to Polysaccharide-Based Vesicles with a Tunable Membrane Thickness in a Large Concentration Window via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3128-3137. [PMID: 34137600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymersomes are multicompartmental vesicular nano-objects obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers. When prepared in the aqueous phase, they are composed of a hydrophobic bilayer enclosing water. Although such fascinating polymeric nano-objects have been widely reported with synthetic block copolymers, their formation from polysaccharide-based copolymers remains a significant challenge. In the present study, the powerful platform technology known as polymerization-induced self-assembly was used to prepare in situ pure vesicles from a polysaccharide-grafted copolymer: dextran-g-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (Dex-g-PHPMA). The growth of the PHPMA grafts was performed with a dextran-based macromolecular chain transfer agent in water at 20 °C using photomediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization at 405 nm. Transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering revealed that amphiphilic Dex-g-PHPMAX = 100-300 (X is the targeted average degree of polymerization, Xn̅, of each graft at full conversion) exhibit remarkable self-assembly behavior. On the one hand, vesicles were obtained over a wide range of solid concentrations (from 2.5% to 13.5% w/w), which can facilitate posterior targeting of such rare morphology. On the other hand, the extension of Xn̅ induces an increase in the vesicle membrane thickness, rather than a morphological evolution (spherical micelles to cylinders to vesicles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Djallal Ikkene
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, CRYOEM-Gif, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malika Ouldali
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, CRYOEM-Gif, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory Francius
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (UMR12 CEA, CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bât., 563 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Welzen PLW, Martinez Ciriano SW, Cao S, Mason AF, Welzen‐Pijpers IAB, Hest JCM. Reversibly self‐assembled pH‐responsive PEG‐p(CL‐g‐TMC) polymersomes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal L. W. Welzen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Sydney W. Martinez Ciriano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F. Mason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Imke A. B. Welzen‐Pijpers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Kyropoulou M, Yorulmaz Avsar S, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG, Meier WP. From spherical compartments to polymer films: exploiting vesicle fusion to generate solid supported thin polymer membranes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6944-6952. [PMID: 33885496 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid supported polymer membranes as scaffold for the insertion of functional biomolecules provide the basis for mimicking natural membranes. They also provide the means for unraveling biomolecule-membrane interactions and engineering platforms for biosensing. Vesicle fusion is an established procedure to obtain solid supported lipid bilayers but the more robust polymer vesicles tend to resist fusion and planar membranes rarely form. Here, we build on vesicle fusion to develop a refined and efficient way to produce solid supported membranes based on poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA-b-PDMS-b-PMOXA) amphiphilic triblock copolymers. We first create thiol-bearing polymer vesicles (polymersomes) and anchor them on a gold substrate. An osmotic shock then provokes polymersome rupture and drives planar film formation. Prerequisite for a uniform amphiphilic planar membrane is the proper combination of immobilized polymersomes and osmotic shock conditions. Thus, we explored the impact of the hydrophobic PDMS block length of the polymersome on the formation and the characteristics of the resulting solid supported polymer assemblies by quarz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). When the PDMS block is short enough, attached polymersomes restructure in response to osmotic shock, resulting in a uniform planar membrane. Our approach to rapidly form planar polymer membranes by vesicle fusion brings many advantages to the development of synthetic planar membranes for bio-sensing and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Kyropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Main-chain degradable, pH-responsive and covalently cross-linked nanoparticles via a one-step RAFT-based radical ring-opening terpolymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Polymer membranes as templates for bio-applications ranging from artificial cells to active surfaces. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Yorulmaz Avsar S, Kyropoulou M, Di Leone S, Schoenenberger CA, Meier WP, Palivan CG. Biomolecules Turn Self-Assembling Amphiphilic Block Co-polymer Platforms Into Biomimetic Interfaces. Front Chem 2019; 6:645. [PMID: 30671429 PMCID: PMC6331732 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes constitute an interface between cells and their surroundings and form distinct compartments within the cell. They also host a variety of biomolecules that carry out vital functions including selective transport, signal transduction and cell-cell communication. Due to the vast complexity and versatility of the different membranes, there is a critical need for simplified and specific model membrane platforms to explore the behaviors of individual biomolecules while preserving their intrinsic function. Information obtained from model membrane platforms should make invaluable contributions to current and emerging technologies in biotechnology, nanotechnology and medicine. Amphiphilic block co-polymers are ideal building blocks to create model membrane platforms with enhanced stability and robustness. They form various supramolecular assemblies, ranging from three-dimensional structures (e.g., micelles, nanoparticles, or vesicles) in aqueous solution to planar polymer membranes on solid supports (e.g., polymer cushioned/tethered membranes,) and membrane-like polymer brushes. Furthermore, polymer micelles and polymersomes can also be immobilized on solid supports to take advantage of a wide range of surface sensitive analytical tools. In this review article, we focus on self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer platforms that are hosting biomolecules. We present different strategies for harnessing polymer platforms with biomolecules either by integrating proteins or peptides into assemblies or by attaching proteins or DNA to their surface. We will discuss how to obtain synthetic structures on solid supports and their characterization using different surface sensitive analytical tools. Finally, we highlight present and future perspectives of polymer micelles and polymersomes for biomedical applications and those of solid-supported polymer membranes for biosensing.
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Polymeric Nanocarriers. BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO NANOSCALE PARTICLES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12461-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Modular Approach for the Design of Smart Polymeric Nanocapsules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800577. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iyisan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Mapazi O, Matabola KP, Moutloali RM, Ngila CJ. High temperature thermochromic polydiacetylene supported on polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhu D, Fan F, Huang C, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Lu L, Wang H, Jin X, Zhao H, Yang H, Zhang C, Yang J, Liu Z, Sun H, Leng X, Kong D, Zhang L. Bubble-generating polymersomes loaded with both indocyanine green and doxorubicin for effective chemotherapy combined with photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:386-397. [PMID: 29793073 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of chemotherapy and photothermaltherapy (PTT) via stimuli-responsive nanovesicles has great potential in tumor treatment. In the present study, bubble-generating polymersomes, which can generate bubbles in response to low pH or hyperthermia, were fabricated to simultaneously encapsulate chemotherapeutic drug and photosensitizing agent for the synergistic chemo-photothermal tumor therapy. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) was encapsulated into the bilayer of polymersomes formed by amphiphilic triblock copolymer PCL8000-PEG8000-PCL8000 through thin film re-hydration method, while chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the hydrophilic lumen using a transmembrane ammonium bicarbonate gradient loading procedure. Under acidic condition or laser irradiation, the ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) encapsulated in the bubble-generating DOX-ICG-co-delivery polymersomes (BG-DIPS) would decompose to produce CO2 bubbles, resulting in destruction of vesicle structure and rapid drug release. In vitro drug release study confirmed that acidic environment and NIR laser irradiation could accelerate DOX release from the BG-DIPS. Cellular uptake study indicated that laser-induced hyperthermia highly enhanced endocytosis of BG-DIPS into 4T1-Luc cancer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity study demonstrated that BG-DIPS exhibited much higher cytotoxicity than free drugs under laser irradiation. In vivo biodistribution study indicated that BG-DIPS could accumulate in the tumor region, prolong drug retention, and increase photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor study showed that BG-DIPS with laser irradiation efficiently inhibited 4T1-Luc tumor growth with reduced systemic toxicity. Hence, the formulated bubble-generating polymersomes system was a superior multifunctional nanocarrier for stimuli-response controlled drug delivery and combination chemo-photothermal tumor therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The combination of chemotherapy and photothermaltherapy via stimuli-responsive nanovesicles has great potential in tumor treatment. Herein, bubble-generating polymersomes, which can generate bubbles in response to low pH or hyperthermia, were fabricated to simultaneously encapsulate chemotherapeutic drug (DOX) and photosensitizing agent (ICG) for the synergistic chemo-photothermal tumor therapy. The results in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that bubble-generating DOX-ICG-co-delivery polymersomes (BG-DIPS) would accelerate DOX release from the BG-DIPS and accumulate in the tumor region, prolong drug retention, and increase photothermal conversion efficiency. BG-DIPS with laser irradiation could efficiently inhibited 4T1-Luc tumor growth with reduced systemic toxicity. Hence, the formulated bubble-generating polymersomes system was a superior multifunctional nanocarrier for stimuli-response controlled drug delivery and combination chemo-photothermal tumor therapy.
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Klermund L, Castiglione K. Polymersomes as nanoreactors for preparative biocatalytic applications: current challenges and future perspectives. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1233-1246. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Craciun I, Denes AS, Gunkel-Grabole G, Belluati A, Palivan CG. Surfaces Decorated with Polymeric Nanocompartments for pH Reporting. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alexandru S. Denes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Gesine Gunkel-Grabole
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
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Petit J, Thomi L, Schultze J, Makowski M, Negwer I, Koynov K, Herminghaus S, Wurm FR, Bäumchen O, Landfester K. A modular approach for multifunctional polymersomes with controlled adhesive properties. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:894-900. [PMID: 29303200 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology involves the engineering of synthetic cells by designing biological and chemical building blocks, which can be combined in order to mimic cellular functions. The first step for mimicking a living cell is the design of an appropriate compartment featuring a multifunctional membrane. This is of particular interest since it allows for the selective attachment of different groups or molecules to the membrane. In this context, we report on a modular approach for polymeric vesicles, so-called polymersomes, with a multifunctional surface, namely hydroxyl, alkyne and acrylate groups. We demonstrate that the surface of the polymersome can be functionalized to facilitate imaging, via fluorescent dyes, or to improve the specific adhesion to surfaces by using a biotin functionalization. This generally applicable multifunctionality allows for the covalent integration of various molecules in the membrane of a synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Petit
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Laura Thomi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Schultze
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marcin Makowski
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Inka Negwer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stephan Herminghaus
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Oliver Bäumchen
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Gaitzsch J, Messager L, Morecroft E, Meier W. Vesicles in Multiple Shapes: Fine-Tuning Polymersomes' Shape and Stability by Setting Membrane Hydrophobicity. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E483. [PMID: 30965785 PMCID: PMC6418632 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic block-copolymers are known to self-assemble into micelles and vesicles. In this paper, we discuss the multiple options between and beyond these boundaries using amphiphilic AB diblock and ABC triblock copolymers. We adjust the final structure reached by the composition of the mixture, by the preparation temperature, and by varying the time-scale of formation. This leads to the formation of vesicles and micelles, but also internal micelles in larger sheets, lamellar vesicles, and closed tubes, thus broadening the amount of self-assembly structures available and deepening our understanding of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Gaitzsch
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lea Messager
- LAGEP-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Bâtiment CPE-308G, M69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Eloise Morecroft
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Zschoche S, Rueda JC, Binner M, Komber H, Janke A, Appelhans D, Voit B. Temperature- and pH-dependent aggregation behavior of hydrophilic dual-sensitive poly(2-oxazoline)s block copolymers as latent amphiphilic macromolecules. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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